Evaluating the Effect of Inner Layer Grain Orientation on Dimensional Stability in Hybrid Species Cross- and Diagonal-Cross-laminated Timber (DCLT)
https://journalmtc.com/index.php/mtcj/article/down... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2023 Shaghayegh Kurzinski, Paul Crovella, William Smith Wood deformation due to moisture adsorption and desorption in the cell wall components challenges the dimensional stability of multi-layer wood-based panels. This is a common issue in timber products with single board products and parallel glued layers (such as Glued-laminated Timber; GLT). Orienting the inner layers of timber products at an angle, like plywood and Cross-laminated Timber (CLT), with the perpendicular (90°) orientation of the inner layers, helps minimize overall shrinkage and swe... |
The Ephemerality of Building: A Case Study of Material Life and Reuse
https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2023/328... [Case Study/Projects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2023 Jack Loud This project explores the ephemerality of buildings rather than continuing to reinforce the narrative that assumes buildings last forever. This assumption leads these materials to be left decaying without maintenance until they are uninhabitable, from which they are destroyed, and their materials are usually sent to a landfill. ... |
Determining the optimal partition system of a modular building from a circular economy perspective: A multicriteria decision-making process
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2023 Prince Antwi-Afari, S. Thomas Ng, Ji Chen To evaluate the impact potentials of materials, products, or systems, the existing approach has been to assess their environmental, economic, or social implications to influence decision-making. This has led the construction industry to an eco-efficient range of doing more with less. The current approach, though efficient, is not effective in causing the construction industry to achieve sustainable development. To attain sustainable development, there is the need for intentional design and detai... |
System Identification of a Six-Story Lightweight Timber Frame Building Using Ambient Vibration Measurements at Different Environmental Conditions
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2023 Carmen Amaddeo, Michael Dorn Ambient vibrations of a six-story lightweight timber frame building were measured under different environmental conditions in order to obtain the modal parameters of the structure. Changes in temperature and relative humidity in timber can influence its response in terms of modal parameters. Namely, a moisture content change in the timber can affect stiffness, strength, and shape of the elements as well as the properties of the connections.... |
Up on the roof: a review of design, construction, and technology trends in vertical extensions
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/000386... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023 Eunike Kristi Julistiono, Philip Oldfield, Luciano Cardellicchio New spaces to accommodate growing urban populations should be created in a way that also reduces building lifecycle carbon emissions. In this context, the vertical extension (VE) has emerged as a novel building typology that can increase space in cities through the construction of additional floor area atop existing base buildings. This paper presents a review of 172 VE projects worldwide to provide an understanding of their design and construction trends, and to classify the technologies applie... |
Estimation of energy demand and greenhouse gas emission reduction effect of cross-laminated timber (CLT) hybrid wall using life cycle assessment for urban residential planning
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2023 Bigyeong Shin, Seong Jin Chang, Seunghwan Wi, Sumin Kim The building and construction sector accounted for 36% of final energy use and 37% of energy and process-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2020. According to a recent study, if the global population grows to 9.3 billion by 2050, new infrastructure development will cause approximately 350 Gt of CO2 emissions, corresponding to 35–60% of the remaining carbon budget available up to 2050 if the average temperature increase is to be limited to 2 °C. Material substitution is one way to reduce e... |
Computational modelling of enclosure fires with exposed timber surfaces
https://hvlopen.brage.unit.no/hvlopen-xmlui/bitstr... [Fire Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2023 Martin D. Granum The existing body of research exploring the use of CFD software for modelling fires involving exposed timber surfaces is limited. Additionally, the accuracy of results from these studies varies widely. However, interest in this area of research is growing due to its potential in facilitating safe, economically viable, and aesthetically pleasing building solutions. An investigation of the subject is here presented, aiming to contribute to this emerging field and provide insight into existing know... |
Computational modelling of enclosure fires with exposed timber surfaces
https://hvlopen.brage.unit.no/hvlopen-xmlui/bitstr... [null] [other] Martin D Granum, ... |
Study of mass transfer and hygroscopic properties of Australian mass-timber panels and species in hot and humid conditions- moisture sorption and desorption
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2023 Maryam Shirmohammadi Wood is a commonly used building material with numerous advantages over other construction products. However, in engineered wood products such as cross-laminated-timber and laminated veneer lumber moisture absorption can lead to decay, swelling, deformation, and glue line failures, diminishing their properties. Understanding moisture intrusion processes in these materials can aid manufacturers, engineers, and architects in developing effective moisture management strategies during and after cons... |
Collapse Fragility of a 5-Story CLT Structure Under Chilean Subduction Earthquake Records
https://www.proceedings.com/content/069/069179-035... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2023 Alberto Aravena, Alan Hellman, Joaquín Miranda, Franco Silva, Diego Valdivieso Cascante Mass timber structures have been utilized in North America, Europe, and Oceania, and are being evaluated in Latin America to decrease the housing shortage and the construction industrys contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. In Chile, where seismic activity is common, it is crucial to provide resilient timber structures that safeguard life safety and reduce earthquake-induced damage and repair costs. The Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) framework offers a practical alternative ... |
Vibration-Based Monitoring of a 5-Story Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Building Prototype
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2023 Alexander Opazo-Vega, Franco Benedetti, Alan Jara-Cisterna The construction of buildings with cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels has grown steadily in recent years, mainly because of the environmental advantages of wood over other building materials. However, there are still doubts about the dynamic behavior of CLT buildings in countries with high seismicity and how their dynamic properties vary with temperature and relative humidity changes. The present work shows the modal properties’ monitoring of a 5-story CLT building prototype. ... |
Review of the Performance of CLT Wall-To-Floor Connections for a Multi-Storey Modular Building using Irish Timber
https://www.universityofgalway.ie/media/timberengi... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2023 Rimjhim Kashyap, Conan O’Ceallaigh, Patrick J. McGetrick, Annette M. Harte In recent years, the focus has shifted toward more sustainable construction methods. Crosslaminated timber (CLT) has emerged as an excellent material in terms of structural properties and environmental impact. Across Europe, C24-grade timber is primarily used for the manufacture of CLT and hence most of the research data available is for CLT of this grade. However, Ireland has an increasing supply of C16-grade Sitka spruce timber and studies have shown that C16-grade Irish timber is suitable fo... |
The sawmill yield increase potential with manufacturing increased wane and random width boards for engineered wood products
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [Commercial/Company Information] [Journal Article] 2023 Bruno Monteiro Balboni, Sylvester T. Chatukuta, Barry Muller, C. Brand Wessels The objective of this study was to assess the potential gains in log processing yield when integrating sawmill and engineered wood products manufacturing, a process which enables the use of random board widths and higher wane allowances than normal. The simulation was utilized and validated against real log sawing. The validation study showed that simulations consistently over-estimated the actual volume recovery by 2.1%. Simulation results showed that logs with smaller diameters returned higher... |
Numerical analysis of buckling behaviour of timber-encased steel composite columns under axial compression
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2022 Feiyang Xu, Xinmiao Meng, Qibin Hu, Ying Gao Timber (e.g. Douglas-fir, spruce-pine-fir)-encased steel composite (TESC) columns provide a feasible application for timber in large-scale and high-rise structures. However, the load-carrying mechanism and buckling behaviour of TESC columns have not been thoroughly studied. This paper investigates the axial load distribution and buckling behaviour of TESC columns with embedded H-section steel through finite element (FE) analysis. FE models were built and validated by the experimental results. A ... |
Evaluating the Shear Stiffness of Asymmetric Angle-Ply Layers in Diagonal Cross-laminated Timber
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3001955/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023 Shaghayegh kurzinski, Paul Crovella The perpendicular orientation of the cross-layer (s) makes Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) susceptible to rolling shear failure and reduced stiffness in bending. Under out-of-plane bending, rolling shear failure occurs in the cross layers along the radial-tangential plane. This weakness in CLT panels could be improved by varying the grain orientation of the cross-layers away from perpendicular-to-grain (90°), and closer to parallel-to-grain (0°). This paper studies the shear stiffness of a pair of ... |
Suitability of Aspen (Populus tremula L.) for cross-laminated timber (CLT)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372009957... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2023 Sumanta Das, MIROSLAV GAŠPARÍK GAŠPARÍK, Anil Kumar Sethy, Peter Niemz Cross-laminated timber (CLT) CLT is an excellent material for building and high load-bearing structural applications, but its fabrication and use are limited to softwood only. The suitability of aspen (Populus tremula L) wood for manufacturing CLT was assessed by using two adhesives, one-component polyurethane (1C-PUR) and melamine adhesive (ME). Physical properties like water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), delamination, and mechanical properties like bond shear strength, bending modu... |
Seismic Performance and LCA Comparison between Concrete and Timber–Concrete Hybrid Buildings
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/7/1714... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023 Xiaoyue Zhang, Wanru Huang, Mehdi Khajehpour, Mehrdad Asgari, Thomas Tannert The growing demand for energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable building materials has led to an increasing interest in hybrid timber-concrete construction. These structures combine the advantages of the two materials, potentially reducing the carbon footprint, shortening construction timelines, and improving seismic and building physics performance. Herein the structural and environmental performance of ten-story timber-concrete hybrid and a pure concrete building, designed for the Guiz... |
An urban ‘age of timber’? Tensions and contradictions in the low-carbon imaginary of the bioeconomic city
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/25148... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023 Bregje van Veelen, Sarah Knuth What will the low-carbon cities of tomorrow be made from? We see an unexpected answer today in the return of ‘premodern’/‘preindustrial’ materials to central cities and skylines. Champions of new mass timber materials have driven a race on iconic ‘plyscrapers’ and, increasingly, novel systems of industrial prefabrication. Drawing on the notion of sociotechnical imaginaries, we explore how advocates attempt to ‘fix’ desirable future cities and urban bioeconomies through this biomaterial. In doing... |
The Quality Assessment of Timber Structural Joints Using the Coaxial Correlation Method
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/1929... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023 Viktors Kurtenoks, Aleksis Kurajevs, Karina Buka-Vaivade, Dmitrijs Serdjuks, Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis, Viktors Mironovs, Andrejs Podkoritovs, Martins Vilnitis With the growing popularity of timber structures, the requirement for reliable and non-destructive methods to assess the quality and condition of structural joints becomes increasingly essential. A novel coaxial correlations method is investigated to assess the degradation of panel-to-panel moment joints in timber structures. The method involves analysing the response data obtained from accelerometers placed on both sides of the joint and comparing the readings to evaluate the joint’s condition.... |
A Design-to-Fabrication Workflow for Free-Form Timber Structures Using Offcuts
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Conference Paper] 2023 Dominik Reisach, Stephan Schütz, Jan Willmann, Sven Schneider Currently, the timber industry in the European Union incinerates up to 80% of its waste wood, releasing its embodied CO2 into the atmosphere while producing energy. This practice also affects offcuts, a waste material from structural timber production, mostly because of aesthetic imperfections. However, there are potential architectural use cases for this material that extend its lifetime beyond downcycling. Therefore, we propose to employ these offcuts as load-bearing elements of free-form timb... |
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