Bolted steel to laminated timber and glubam connections: Axial behavior and finite-element modeling
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2023
D. Shi, H. Huang, N.i, Y. Liu, C. Demartino
This study aims to characterize the axial monotonic and cyclic tensile behavior of bolted steel connections to laminated timber and bamboo, using slotted-in steel plates, and to provide a high-fidelity simulation using finite-element modeling. Forty-eight experimental tests were conducted, including eight different configurations, varying in material (Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and Glued Laminated Bamboo (glubam)), number of bolts, and diameter of bolts, under tension, both monotonic and cycl...

Effects of UV radiation on natural and synthetic materials
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43630-0... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2023
A.L. Andrady, A.M. Heikkilä, K.K. Pandey, L.S. Bruckman
This current quadrennial assessment provides a comprehensive update on the deleterious effects of solar UV radiation on the durability of natural and synthetic materials, as well as recent innovations in better stabilising of materials against solar UV radiation-induced damage. Pertinent emerging technologies for wood and plastics used in construction, composite materials used in construction, textile fibres, comfort fabric, and photovoltaic materials, are addressed in detail....

Evaluation of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of cross-laminated timber with longitudinal vibration NDE techniques
https://permanent.fdlp.gov/gpo189968/fpl_rp714.pdf... [Mechanical Performance] [Report] 1991
Laurice Mara Spinelli Correa
This paper presents research conducted to examine the potential of using longitudinal vibration techniques to evaluate the modulus of elasticity and strength of crosslaminated timber (CLT). Thirty-nine CLT panels were manufactured from southern pine dimension lumber in accordance with accepted manufacturing standards. Nominal 2 by 8 in. southern pine lumber specimens were used for the three-ply panels. A 10-ft-long specimen, having a 4.125- by 18-in. cross-section, was obtained from each panel. ...

Model validation and 2-D hygrothermal simulations of wetting and drying behavior of cross-laminated timber
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/17442... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2023
L. Wang, H. Ge, J. Wang
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is one of the most important mass timber materials that are commonly used in mid-rise or even high-rise timber buildings. However, exposure to moisture during construction may increase the moisture damage risks, and impact the durability performance of CLT buildings. To investigate potential solutions for avoiding wetting of CLT components during construction, CLT specimens having different moisture protection measures were tested in the damp and mild wintertime clim...

Sawn-Timber Products
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [General Information] [Book/Book Section] 2023
A. Teischinger, D. Krug, D. Sandberg, S. Tobisch
This chapter begins with sawn timber in general and presents the various sawn timber products such as solid timber for construction, glued-laminated timber (glulam), cross-laminated timber (CLT), and solid-wood panels in detail. Further timber-based products comprising pattern, millwork, cabinetry, pallets, trusses, etc., are highlighted shorty. The various product-specific technologies, manufacturing processes, as well as product properties and applications are described....

Performance of Beam-Column Connections with Mass Ply Lam and Steel Dowels under Cyclic Loads
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/JSENDH.STE... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
E. Williamson, C.P. Pantelides, H.E. Blomgren, D. Rammer
To develop a resilient braced frame, it is essential to understand and quantify the behavior of the connections, including the possible failure modes and moment-rotation capacities. Cyclic and monotonic tests were conducted on six mass timber beam-column connections to study the response of a mass timber joint connected with slotted-in steel plates and mild steel dowels. The primary goal of the subassembly tests was to measure the maximum rotation, stiffness, ductility, and failure modes of such...

Analytical Model Development for CLT Diaphragms Loaded Perpendicular to the Length of Panels
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/JSENDH.STE... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
M. Fakhrzarei, H. Daneshvar, Y.H. Chui
A sensitivity analysis was carried out with the aim of finding the most influential parameters in the behavior of the cross-laminated timber (CLT) diaphragm. The connection’s stiffness and diaphragm size were varied. The difference in diaphragm deflection was investigated, and it was found that under realistic material properties and geometry, the diaphragm deflection was not strongly related to the connection’s stiffness. However, the floor’s geometry was the key influencing parameter....

Thermal performance of different construction materials used in New Zealand dwellings comparatively to international practice
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Y. Al-Radhi, K. Roy, H. Liang, K. Ghosh, G.C. Clifton
The review of over 190 journal papers has indicated that New Zealand has yet to catch recent technologies, such as concrete for typical construction materials, phase change material for new materials, and thermally activated building systems for new systems. Composite materials are also found to be the focus of much current research which showed great thermal performance when used in insulation products. Most of the reviewed papers used thermal modelling instead of experimental testing, which st...

Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Cross-Laminated Timber Decorative Panel And Connecting Device Thereof", for Approval
https://login.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [General Information] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2020
VerticalNews
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is usually made from a set of boards with a certain thickness, which are laid up by gluing or nailing/tenoning perpendicular to each other according to the grain direction of the adjacent layer. The surface and inner layers of boards are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the center layer or core of the boards. Each layer of board is usually lengthened by end joint by finger joint or nailing and widened by edge joint by gluing or nailing, and the layers are usua...

Experimental investigation of mechanically laminated straight or curved-and-tapered bamboo-concrete T-beams
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Y. Deng, Y. Hao, A. Mohamed, S.H.F. Wong, Y. Tang
This study echoes the rising demand for bio-based material in concrete composite structures in the race to accelerate carbon neutrality in construction. Noticing that most previous studies are focused on straight timber or engineered bamboo-to-concrete composite beams, this study developed straight or curved-and-tapered mechanically laminated bamboo-concrete (LBC) T-beams. Six layers of 26 mm thick laminated bamboo panels were glue laminated together to form the bamboo beams.This study also high...

Monotonic Testing of Glue-Laminated Beam-to-Column Connections
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/JSENDH.STE... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2023
H. Madland, E. Fischer, A. Sinha
The purpose of this research was to create a better fundamental understanding of the deformation compatibility behavior of mass timber beam-to-column connections. Three connections were custom-designed connections, and two were pre-engineered connections. Specimens included the presence of cross-laminated timber (CLT) decking on the beam, as well as combined lateral and gravity loading. Monotonic tests pushed specimens to a target story drift of 7.2% at a rate of 0.51  mm/s. The data were analyz...

Direct displacement-based design of steel-timber hybrid structure with separated gravity and lateral resisting systems
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023
Z. Li, Z. Wang, M. He, Z. Shu
Comparing with the analytical result, it is found that the post-yield stiffness of the structure with deformable steel-timber connections decreased less than the structure with rigid steel-timber connections. As the earthquake intensity increased, the inter-story drift of the structure with rigid steel-timber connections increased rapidly. Besides, the residual inter-story drift of the structure with rigid steel-timber connections was generally larger than that of the structure with deformable s...

Economic Ripple Effects Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Manufacturing in Japan
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/3/492... [Economics/Costs] [Journal Article] 2023
M. Liu, T. Huzita, A. Murano, C.S. Goh, C. Kayo
Japan has been actively promoting the various uses of timber to efficiently utilize its plantation forests and contribute to its climate commitments. Cross-laminated timber (CLT), owing to its unique structural characteristics and environmental advantages, has received widespread attention in Japan. Being a high-value-added timber, CLT’s value chain involves various industries, including forestry, timber processing, transportation, construction, and civil engineering. However, the economic impac...

The Use of a Prefabricated Mass Timber Structure in the Design of Single-Family Houses in Terms of Sustainable Development
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [Case Study/Projects] [Conference Paper] 2023
K. Wilk
Prefabricated solid wood structures can help to reduce emissions of the embodied carbon during the construction of a building on a site and while the items are produced. Prefabricated wood elements offer the advantages of high performing and energy efficient passive designs. An additional advantage of the use of wooden technology are biophilic attributes which helps improve human well-being, as well as promotes environmental consciousness. The research methodology involves a comparative case stu...

Experimental Investigation of Curved and Straight Laminated Bamboo-Concrete Beams with New Calibration Method for Interface Slip
https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2625235... [Mechanical Performance] [Report] 2023
Y. Deng, Y. Hao, A. Mohamed, S.H.F. Wong, Y. Tang
This study echoes the rising demand for bio-based material in concrete composite structures in the race to accelerate carbon neutrality in construction. Noticing that most previous studies are focused on straight timber or engineered bamboo-to-concrete composite beams, this study focuses on: 1) developing unique and practical curved laminated bamboo-concrete (LBC) composite beams; 2) experimentally investigating and comparing the structural performances of the curved and straight LBC composite b...

Steel kerf plate solution for cross-laminated timber-concrete composite systems
https://www.fastepp.com/wp-content/uploads/2022-IA... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2022
M. Shahnewaz, R. Jackson, T. Tannert
An efficient and cost-effective solution for Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) systems with steel kerf plates as shear connectors is presented in this paper. The stiffness, strength, and failure modes of small-scale TCC specimens comprised of 7-ply and 245mm thick CLT panels with 150 mm concrete topping connected with steel kerf plates were evaluated in quasi-static monotonic tests. In order to investigate the performance of steel kerf plates, the embedment depths of plates into the CLT were varie...

Experimental Behavior of L-Shaped and T-Shaped Cross-Laminated Timber to Evaluate Shear Walls with Openings
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/JSENDH.STE... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
H. Isoda, T. Namba, A. Kitamori, T. Mori, T. Miyake
There is increasing interest in using cross-laminated timber (CLT) in buildings because of its high strength and stiffness. In Japan, structural design guidelines for CLT buildings were established in 2016 and construction of mid-rise buildings is increasing. Wide-panel walls can exceed widths of 10 m and integrate cut-outs for window and door openings. However, under lateral loads, corner cracks at the openings have been the most prevalent failure mechanism. To investigate the initiation and pr...

Influence Factors on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Bolted Timber Connections with Slotted-In Steel Plates
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2023
J. Cao, Y. Liu, Q. Liu, X. Liu, H. Qian
The load-carrying capacity of bolted timber connections with slotted-in steel plates is a critical guide for the practical design of timber buildings. This work investigates various factors that influence the load-carrying capacity of bolted timber connections through testing and gives a comparison of the calculated load-carrying capacity from different standards. ...

Impact of climate change on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of cross-laminated timber and reinforced concrete buildings in China
https://login.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Zhuocheng Duan
With the urgency of addressing climate change, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has become a sustainable material to substitute reinforced concrete (RC) in building applications. There is a growing number of studies on the life cycle assessment of CLT buildings worldwide, mainly based on historical weather files. This study integrates climate change on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions (LCGHGE) in CLT and RC buildings in five climate zones, including the product and construction (P&C), operational...

Calculating the equivalent elastic moduli and their influence on modelling the sound insulation of softwood cross laminated timber (CLT)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
C. Churchill, B. Nusser, C. Lux
There are characteristics unique to natural materials such as timber that must be dealt with carefully to develop successful sound insulation prediction models. Timber has low internal losses typical of low-density building materials but with material properties that vary according to growth conditions. To study these factors in cross laminated timber (CLT) products, orthotropic thin plate and isotropic thick plate models are investigated. Equivalent elastic moduli are obtained using two methods...