Expanding Opportunities for Mid-Rise Buildings in Chile through the Application of Timber Panel Systems
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Markets] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2012
Cristián Rivera
During the last few years, the merging of timber building tradition with the application of new technologies has produced new prefabricated building systems in Europe and North America. Mid-rise buildings present a unique opportunity to apply new timber technologies. Chile has shown sustained growth of buildings construction during the past decades but little further development in the use of wood. To establish the feasibility of timber systems applied to the Chilean context this research consid...

CLT Infill Panels in Steel Moment Resisting Frames as a Hybrid Seismic Force Resisting System
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Seismic Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2013
Carla Dickof
This paper examines CLT-steel hybrid systems at three, six, and nine storey heights to increase seismic force resistance compared to a plain wood system. CLT panels are used as infill in a steel moment frame combining the ductility of a steel moment frame system with a stiffness and light weight of CLT panels. This system allows for the combination of high strength and ductility of steel with high stiffness and light weight of timber. This thesis examines the seismic response of this type of hyb...

In-Plane Stiffness of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2012
Sepideh Ashtari
This study investigates the in-plane stiffness of CLT floor diaphragms and addresses the lateral load distribution within buildings containing CLT floors. In practice, it is common to assume the floor diaphragm as either flexible or rigid, and distribute the lateral load according to simple hand calculations methods. Here, the applicability of theses assumption to CLT floor diaphragms is investigated. There is limited number of studies on the subject of in-plane behaviour of CLT diaphragms in th...

Experimental Investigation of Connection for the FFTT, A Timber-Steel Hybrid System
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2013
Pooja Bhat
Hybrid systems have grown in popularity over the past years but the lack of established design guidelines has delayed the construction of the hybrid structures. This thesis fills the existing knowledge gap between detailed design and global behaviour of hybrid systems through an experimental study on an innovative timber-steel hybrid system called “FFTT”. The FFTT system relies on wall panels of mass timber such as CLT for gravity and lateral load resistance and embedded steel sections for ducti...

Lateral Behaviour and Direct Displacement Based Design of a Novel Hybrid Structure: Cross Laminated Timber Infilled Steel Moment Resisting Frames
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2014
Matiyas Bezabeh
Recently, an innovative hybrid structure has been developed as an alternative lateral-load resisting system at The University of British Columbia. The hybrid structure incorporates Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) shear panels as an infill in steel moment resisting frames (SMRFs). In order to increase the applicability of the proposed system, in this thesis, a direct displacement based design methodology has been developed and analytically validated. Initially, a nonlinear time history analysis (NLT...

Force Transfer Around Openings in CLT Shear Walls
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Seismic Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2014
Sai Ganesh Sarvotham Pai
During an earthquake, shear walls can experience damage around corners of doors and windows due to development of stress concentration. Reinforcements provided to minimize this damage are designed for forces that develop at these corners known as transfer forces. In this thesis, the focus is on understanding the forces that develop around opening corners in cross laminated timber (CLT) shear walls and reinforcement requirements for the same. In the literature, four different analytical models a...

Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Connection for Timber-Steel Hybrid System
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2014
Md Riasat Azim
In recent years, hybrid systems have grown in popularity as potential solution for mid-rise construction. There is also an increased interest in using timber for such systems. The lack of established design guidance, however, has tabled the practical implementation of timber-based hybrid structures. The aim of this thesis is to address the existing knowledge gap regarding the detailed connection design of hybrid systems through combined experimental and numerical investigations on a novel timber...

Influence of Orientation and Number of Layers on the Elastic Response and Failure Modes on CLT Floors: Modeling and Parameter Studies
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00107... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Lorenzo Franzoni, Arthur Lebée, Florent Lyon, Gilles Forêt
In the present paper, the bending behavior of Cross Laminated Timber panels is investigated by means of the linear elastic exact solution from Pagano (1970, 1969). The resulting stresses are the input for a wood failure criterion, which can point out the first-crack load and the respective dominant failure mode. Heterogeneous layers are modeled as equivalent and homogeneous layers. This simplified and deterministic modeling gives results in good agreement with a reference experimental test. A co...

Influences of Interior Fitting Processes on the Indoor Air Quality of Two Model Rooms
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00107... [Other] [Journal Article] 2016
Eva Höllbacher, Thomas Ters, Cornelia Rieder-Gradinger, Ewald Srebotnik
Interior fitting was performed stepwise in two model rooms built from Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and Cross Laminated Timber (X-lam), respectively. The walls and ceiling of the OSB model room were covered with gypsum plasterboard, parquet flooring was laid and the room was finally equipped with office furniture and textiles. In the X-lam model room an acoustical ceiling and parquet were installed. The walls were painted with wood stain and the room was adapted as bed room and equipped with texti...

High-Performance Composite-Reinforced Earthquake Resistant Buildings with Self-Aligning Capabilities
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-... [Seismic Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2015
Bohumil Kasal, Tiberiu Polocoser, Pablo Guindos, Shota Urushadze, Stanislav Pospisil, Andreas Heiduschke, Norbert Rüther, Zbigniew Zembaty
This paper describes the experimental procedures and presents preliminary results of the international project entitled “High- Performance Composite-Reinforced Earthquake Resistant Buildings with Self-Aligning Capabilities”. The goal of the project was to increase our understanding of the seismic performance of woodlaminated frames with locally reinforced members. Two sets of experiments were performed. First, a full-scale one-story frame with relatively rigid connections was tested on a shaking...

Evaluation of Thermal Performance, Environmental Impact, and Cost Effectiveness of an XLam Component for Retrofitting in Existing Buildings
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-... [Environmental Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2017
Tiziano Dalla Mora, Alessandro Righi, Fabio Peron, Piercarlo Romagnoni
Renovation and retrofitting of residential buildings is a subject of great concern in Italy: most of the existing building stock is completely inappropriate in terms of structural rigidity in the event of earthquakes and with respect to the objectives of energy efficiency set by European law. This research presents the design of an innovative system of structural reinforcement using cross-laminated timber (CLT) technology based on materials with environmental compatibility: an XLam panel comes a...

Experimental Investigation of Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Wall Under Shear Force by Using Digital Image Correlation Method
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2018
Tzu-Yu Kuo, Wei-Chung Wang, Chih-Hsien Lin, Te-Hsin Yang
At the beginning of the 20th century, a new wood manufacturing technology, i.e. cross-laminated timber (CLT), was started. In Taiwan, the manufacturing technology of CLT has just started recently. For the sake of safety, the information of stiffness and strength of the shear wall of the CLT are essential for structural designs. In this paper, by following the method B (ISO 16670 Protocol) of ASTM standard E2126-11, shear test of a real-scale CLT shear wall was performed. The measured shear modul...

Ductility Based Force Reduction Factors for Symmetrical Cross-Laminated Timber Structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274959160... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2015
Marjan Popovski, Shiling Pei, John W. van de Lindt, Erol Karacabeyli
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) as a structural system has not been fully introduced in European or North American building codes. One of the most important issues for designers of CLT structures in earthquake prone regions when equivalent static design procedure is used, are the values for the force modification factors (R-factors) for this structural system. Consequently, the objective of this study was to derive suitable ductility-based force modification factors (Rd-factors) for seismic design ...

Innovative Construction System for Sustainable Buildings
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281462056... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2015
Cristiano Loss, Maurizio Piazza, Riccardo Zandonini
This paper deals with a contemporary integrated and sustainable construction technology for new residential buildings. Specifically, this research aims at developing innovative steel-timber hybrid structures which allow a rapid assembly of the individual prefabricated components, minimizing the construction times and limiting the costs of the work. The numerical analyses performed on a multi-storey building for social housing will be presented and discussed. The in-plane behaviour of the floors ...

Effect of End Support Conditions on the Vibrational Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285524367... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Saul Maldonado, Ying Hei Chui
This study focuses on the vibrational behaviour of 3, 5 and 7-layer cross-laminated timber (CLT) plates supported on two sides with different support conditions. Three end support setups are proposed; 1) top load over the two supported edges, 2) direct fastening to support using self-tapping screws, 3) steel angle bracket support. The measured response parameters are natural frequencies, damping, and static deflection under a point load. The rotational stiffness with load, screws and steel angle...

Efficient Measurement of Elastic Constants of Cross Laminated Timber using Modal Testing
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288123850... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Jianhui Zhou, Ying Hei Chui
It has been shown that measurement of elastic constants of orthotropic wood-based panel products can be more efficiently measured by modal testing technique. Identification of vibration modes and corresponding natural frequencies is key to the application of modal testing technique. This process is generally tedious and requires a number of points of testing and plotting mode shapes. In this study, an auto-identification method for frequencies was developed which will facilitate the adoption of ...

Influence of Wooden Board Strength Class on the Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber Plates Investigated By Means of Full-Field Deformation Measurements
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/st... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2013
Georg Hochreiner, Josef Füssl, Erik Serrano, Josef Eberhardsteiner
Although cross‐laminated timber (CLT) plates are increasingly used in high‐performance building structures, a tailored composition of them or, at least, a performance‐based classification scheme is not available. Especially, the influence of the quality of the ‘raw’ material (wooden boards) on the load carrying capacity of CLT elements is hardly investigated yet. For this reason, within this work, bending tests on 24 CLT plates consisting of wooden boards from three different strength classes ha...

CLT-Beams Loaded In-Plane Direction – Part 1: Effective Strength and Stiffness Properties for the Shear Design
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ba... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2015
Marcus Flaig
In the design of CLT‐beams loaded in‐plane, shear stresses in the lamellae and in the crossing areas between orthogonally bonded boards of longitudinal and transversal layers need to be considered. A total of three different failure modes can be distinguished. For the design in the ultimate limit states, shear stresses in the gross and in the net cross section and shear stresses in the crossing areas need to be calculated and compared to respective strength properties. Analytical solutions for t...

Optimal Design of Tuned Mass Dampers for a Multi-Storey Cross Laminated Timber Building Against Seismic Loads
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/eq... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Guillaume Poh’sié, Corrado Chisari, Giovanni Rinaldin, Claudio Amadio, Massimo Fragiacomo
In this paper, the effectiveness of different design solutions for tuned mass dampers (TMD) applied to high‐rise cross‐laminated (X‐Lam) timber buildings as a means to reduce the seismic accelerations was investigated. A seven‐storey full‐scale structure previously tested on shaking table was used as a reference. The optimal design parameters of the TMDs, i.e. damping and frequency ratios, were determined by using a genetic algorithm on a simplified model of the reference structure, composed by ...

Cross-Laminated Timber Plates Subjected to Concentrated Loading
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/st... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2013
Georg Hochreiner, Josef Füssl, Josef Eberhardsteiner
Since wood products for structural elements, especially cross‐laminated timber (CLT), have gained importance in the building sector, the need for appropriate and reliable design codes for such wood products has become essential. For the improvement and development of design concepts, a profound knowledge about the mechanical behaviour of these products is necessary. For this reason, this work focuses on global failure mechanisms and the corresponding evolution of different crack modes in CLT pla...