(Mass) Timber: Structurally Optimized Timber Buildings
https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/b... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2016
Kristen Strobel
This thesis explores the challenges and potential of mass timber as a paradigm shifting technology for the building industry through the application of parametric modeling technology to the design of office buildings. By testing building configurations in three zoning envelopes—low-rise suburban, mid-rise urban, and high-rise urban—optimization strategies for mass timber office buildings were developed. Facades and floor slabs were identified as the primary contributors to building cost and envi...

Field Study of Hygrothermal Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber Wall Assemblies with Built-In Moisture
https://digital.library.ryerson.ca/islandora/objec... [Environmental Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2013
Ruth McClung
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels have potential market in North America for building mid-rise structures due to their good structural and seismic performance, lightweight, and prefabricated nature. However, to ensure long-term durability, the hygrothermal performance of CLT wall assemblies needs to be evaluated in terms of drying and wetting potential before their widespread adoption in North America. A test wall was constructed with initially wetted CLT panels, and monitored over a year. The...

Direct Displacement Based Design of A Novel Hybrid Structure: Steel Moment-Resisting Frames with Cross Laminated Timber Infill Walls
https://pinnacle-secure.allenpress.com/action/getS... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2015
Erol Karacabeyli, Matiyas Bezabeh, Siegfried Stiemer, Solomon Tesfamariam
This study proposes an iterative direct displacement based design method for a novel steel-timber hybrid structure. The hybrid structure incorporates cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear panels as an infill in steel moment-resisting frames. The proposed design method is applied to design three-, six-, and nine-story hybrid buildings, each with three bays and a CLT-infilled middle bay. Nonlinear time history analysis, using 20 earthquake ground motion records, is carried out to validate the perform...

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Plane Structures Under Concentrated Loading from Point Supports - Shear Design including Reinforcements
http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/?id=1079875... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2011
Peter Mestek
This thesis deals with the shear design of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) elements stressed by concentrated loads which are locally reinforced by means of self-tapping screws with continuous threads. A simplified model is presented using an effective width for the calculation of the shear stresses in the vicinity of point supports or concentrated loads. Laboratory tests supply material-mechanical principles to determine the interaction of rolling shear stresses and compression perpendicular to the...

Comparison of Sustainability Performance for Cross Laminated Timber and Concrete
http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2013
Joseph Piacenza, Irem Tumer, Seyedhamed Seyedmahmoudi, Karl Haapala, Christopher Hoyle
As sustainable building design practices become more prevalent in today’s construction market, designers are looking to alternative materials for novel design strategies. This paper presents a case study comparing the sustainability performance of cross laminated timber (CLT) and reinforced concrete. A comparative sustainability assessment of cross laminated timber and concrete, considering economic, environmental, and social aspects was performed. Environmental impact is measured in terms of CO...

The Applicability of I-214 Hybrid Poplar as Cross-Laminated Timber Raw Material
http://real.mtak.hu/30179/1/42_364_1_PB_u.pdf... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2015
Gábor Markó, László Bejó, Péter Takáts
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is a relatively new construction material that has not gained popularity in Hungary yet. Producing such building elements using Hungarian raw materials may help to establish this technique. The purpose of our research was to examine the possibility of producing CLT using Hungarian grown I-214 hybrid poplar. One three-layer panel was produced using Hungarian hybrid poplar and polyurethane resin, and tested in bending. The MOR of the popl...

Influence of Moisture Content and Gaps on the Withdrawal Resistance of Self Tapping Screws in CLT
http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/312... [Moisture/Durability] [Conference Paper] 2014
Catarina Silva, Andreas Ringhofer, Jorge Branco, Paulo Lourenço, Gerhard Schickhofer
Self-tapping screws (STS) have been proclaimed as the easiest solution for structural timber connections, in special for cross laminated timber (CLT) constructions. In order to understand deeply the composite model “CLT-STS”, an experimental campaign which comprised 270 withdrawal tests was carried out. Maximum withdrawal load capacity of self-tapping screws inserted in plane side of a three layered CLT panel was evaluated considering three main parameters: moisture levels of CLT (i), number of ...

Design Methodology Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Elements Subjected to Flexure
http://sace.ktu.lt/index.php/DAS/article/view/7450... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2014
Aivars Vilguts, Dmitrijs Serdjuks, Imants Mierinš
Cross-laminated timber is a structural material, which successfully used for structural purposes during the last years. The material is environmentally friendly and decreases CO2 emissions. Cross-laminated timber possesses a decreased level of anisotropy in comparison with solid and glued timber. It is significant for structural units working in bending. So, cross-laminated timber panels are considered as an object of investigation. Design methodology for cross-laminated timber panels subjected ...

Direct Impact Sound Insulation of Cross Laminate Timber Floors with and Without Toppings
http://www.acoustics.asn.au/conference_proceedings... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Berndt Zeitler, Stephan Schoenwald, Ivan Sabourin
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), which is well suited for construction of tall buildings, is becoming a more popular construction material in North America. However, to ensure comfortable living conditions, sound insulation measures are necessary. The study presented here compares results of direct impact sound insulation of 5- and 7-ply CLT floors covered with different a concrete toppings on various interlayers. Improvements of up to 21dB in Weighted Normalized Impact Sound Pressure Level (Ln,w) ...

Advanced Methods of Encapsulation
https://www.bcfii.ca/system/files/reports/public/f... [Fire Performance] [Report] 2015
Lindsay Ranger, Audrey Roy-Poirier
...

Global and Chinese Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Industry, 2016 Market Research Report
http://www.market-research-reports.com/428621-glob... [Markets] [Report] 2016
Market Research Reports
The Global and Chinese Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Industry, 2011-2021 Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) industry with a focus on the Chinese market. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.Firstly, the report provides a basic overview...

Building with Cross Laminated Timber in Storey Construction
http://www.proholz.at/shop/publikation-detail/kate... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2014
Martin Teibinger
3/8/2019 Shop - proHolz Austria: Shophttp://www.proholz.at/shop/publikation-detail/kategorie/bauweisen-konstruktion/produkt/bauen-mit-brettsperrholz-im-geschossbau-1/ 1/1© 2019, proHolz Austria, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der österreichischen HolzwirtschaftDie Publikation fasst Ergebnisse von Forschungsprojekten undbauphysikalische Erfahrungen zum Bauen mit Brettsperrholz bis zurGebäudeklasse 4 aus bauphysikalischer Sicht zusammen. Neben allgemeinen Grundsätzen zum Bauen mit Holz bzw. Brettsperrholzwe...

Compressive Strength of Cross-Laminated Timber Panel
http://www.swst.org/wp/meetings/AM14/pdfs/proceedi... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Jung-Kwon Oh, Jung-Pyo Hong, Junjae Lee
Compressive strength of cross-laminated timber (CLT) is one of the important mechanical properties which should be considered in the design of mid-rise CLT building because it work to resist a heavy vertical bearing load from the upper level. The CLT panel can be manufactured in various combinations of the grade and dimension of lamina. Therefore, an experimental approach to evaluating the strength of CLT would be expensive and time-demanding. In this paper, lamina-property based models for pred...

Developing Seismic Performance Factors for Cross Laminated Timber in the United States
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280560310... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2015
John van de Lindt, M. Omar Amini, Douglas Rammer, Philip Line, Shiling Pei, Marjan Popovski
This paper presents recent progress in the development of seismic performance factors for cross-laminated timber (CLT) systems in the United States. A brief overview of some of other systematic studies conducted in Europe, North America, and Japan is also provided. The FEMA P695 methodology is briefly described and selected results from connector testing and CLT wall testing are discussed. Shear and uplift tests were performed on generic angle brackets to quantify their behavior. CLT walls with ...

8 - Cross laminated timber
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [General Information] [Journal Article] 2015
Richard Harris
Cross laminated timber (CLT), also known as X-Lam, has enabled much innovation in the use of wood in building construction. As its production has increased over the years since 2005, it has become widely used (Lowenstein, 2011). This chapter will introduce CLT by tracing its background in research. An explanation of the manufacturing process follows and a description of the materials used. The section on mechanical characteristics explains how the properties are derived. Structural products are ...

Non-Linear Simulation of Shaking-Table Tests on 3-And 7-Storey X-Lam Timber Buildings
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Giovanni Rinaldin, Massimo Fragiacomo
This paper presents an advanced FE modelling of cross-laminated (X-Lam) timber buildings for non-linear dynamic analyses. The model has been used to reproduce the experimental results of the shaking table tests carried out in Japan within the SOFIE project on the 3- and 7-storey full-scale timber buildings. The X-Lam timber panels have been schematized with linear-elastic shell elements, whereas all metal connectors (hold-downs, angle brackets, screws) have been described with 3-DOFs non-linear ...

Effects of layup and grade of lumber on bending Young’s modulus and bending strength of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) cross laminated timber under in-plane loading
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ffpri/16/4/16... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2017
Hiramatsu Yasushi, Miyatake Atsushi, Tamaki Tsushi, Shindo Kenta, Ishido Hirofumi, Nagao Hirofumi, Harada Maki, Ogiso Junko
Recently, in Japan, cross laminated timber (CLT) has been attracting attention as a structural material. Based on this, more test data are required on CLT consisting of Japanese wood species. CLT consists of several layers of lumber that are laminated by the gluing of longitudinal and transverse layers; therefore, their strength properties are influenced by the load direction, the direction of lumber, the grade of lumber, and layups. In this study, we prepared CLT specimens (symmetrical composit...

Advanced modelling of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels in bending
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01270289... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2015
Lorenzo Franzoni, Arthur Lebée, Florent Lyon, Gilles Forêt
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels are more and more common in timber construction. When submitted to out-of-plane loads, they can be considered as multi-layer plates with anisotropic behaviour. Their main structural issue is the low transverse shear strength of cross layers which leads to rolling shear failure. In addition the fabrication process can include or not lateral boards’ gluing. The resulting discontinuities can be considered as weakly heterogeneous and influence the mechanical respo...

Full-Scale Fire Tests of a Two-Story Cross-Laminated Timber Structure
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/products/publications/sp... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2018
Laura Hasburgh, Samuel Zelinka, Keith Bourne, David Tucholski, Jason Ouellette
There is a current trend towards mid- and high-rise mass timber buildings. With this trend, there is a research need to develop a comparison between mass timber compartment fires and non-combustible compartment fires. In an effort to address the knowledge gaps in the fire performance of cross-laminated timber compartments, a full-scale fire test series was developed. The fire test series included five tests with varying levels of exposed cross-laminated timber on a two story cross-laminated timb...

Feasibility of Cross-Laminated Timber Production from UK Sitka Spruce
https://www.napier.ac.uk/research-and-innovation/r... [Markets] [Conference Paper] 2013
David Crawford, Robert Hairstans, Ryan Smith
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an innovative wood product, which can be used for almost all superstructure elements. It is generally produced from kiln dried, fast growing timber. Currently the majority of CLT used within the UK construction industry is manufactured in central mainland Europe and imported to the UK. The goal of this study is to establish the conditions required for implementing a CLT production and construction capability using available UK timber stock, thus offering a low ca...