Experimental Tests of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors to be Used in Timber-Steel Hybrid Structures
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Conference Paper] 2014
Cristiano Loss, Maurizio Piazza, Riccardo Zandonini
Hybrid structural systems assembled connecting steel elements and cross-laminated timber panels (CLT) can be a valid alternative to traditional systems in the construction of residential buildings. Such systems can combine the industrialized construction technology typical of steel systems with the advantages offered by CLT panels, namely lightness and geometric stability. Moreover, CLT panels are timber-based products, and wood is recognized as an eco-friendly and eco-compatible material. In hy...

In-Plane Stiffness of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Sepideh Ashtari, Terje Haukaas, Frank Lam
This study investigates the in-plane behaviour of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) floor diaphragms and lateral load distribution within buildings containing CLT floors. Detailed 2D finite element models of CLT floors and buildings were generated in ANSYS, to achieve the above objectives. The models were calibrated with test data for a special type of CLT panel-to-panel connection. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was performed to find the most influential parameters, affecting the in-plane behavio...

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Novel Steel-Timber-Hybrid System
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Conference Paper] 2014
Pooja Bhat, Riasat Azim, Marjan Popovski, Thomas Tannert
This paper summarises the experimental and numerical investigation conducted on the main connection of a novel steel-timber hybrid system called FFTT. The component behaviour of the hybrid system was investigated using quasistatic monotonic and reversed cyclic tests. Different steel profiles (wide flange I-sections and hollow rectangular sections) and embedment approaches for the steel profiles (partial and full embedment) were tested. The results demonstrated that when using an appropriate conn...

Influence of Boundary Conditions in Modal Testing on Evaluated Elastic Properties of Mass Timber Panel
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Jan Niederwestberg, Jianhui Zhou, Ying Hei Chui
Cross laminated timber (CLT) has the potential to play a major role in timber construction as floor and wall systems. In order to meet specific design needs and to make the use of CLT more effective, property evaluation of individual CLT panels is desirable. Static tests are time-consuming and therefore costly, and for massive products such as CLT hard to implement. Modal testing offers a fast and more practical tool for the property evaluation of CLT and timber panels in general. Elastic proper...

Enhancing Dynamic Performance of Lightweight Superstructures using Supplementary Damping
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Alanna Erdle, Andi Asiz, Ebenezer Ussher, Ian Smith
Ensuring that lightweight superstructures perform satisfactorily in terms of serviceability and safety requires close attention to how they respond to dynamic loadings in undamaged or damaged states. This reflects that their modal characteristics can cause accelerations levels under wind, seismic and other loadings that impinge on functionality, or propagate damage in extreme circumstances. Discussion here addresses application of supplementary damping technologies as cost effective ways of ensu...

CLT Handbook - Canadian Edition
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [General Information] [Book/Book Section] 2011
Sylvain Gagnon, Ciprian Pirvu
Cross-laminated timber (CLT), an innovative wood product engineered in Europe, has been gaining increased popularity in residential and non-residential applications in several countries. Numerous impressive buildings built around the world using CLT have become a good testimony of the many advantages that the product can offer the construction sector. In order to gain wide acceptance , cross-laminated timber, as a product and a system, needs to be implemented in the North American codes and stan...

Introduction to cross-laminated timber
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [General Information] [Report] 2011
FPInnovations
Cross-laminated timber (CLT), an innovative engineered wood product developed in Europe, has been gaining increasing popularity in residential and non-residential applications in several countries. Numerous impressive buildings built around the world using CLT have become a good testimony of the many advantages that this product can offer to the construction sector. In order to gain wide acceptance, cross-laminated timber, as a product and structural system, needs to be implemented in the North ...

Against the Grain: Redefining the Living Unit – Advanced Slotting Strategies for Multi-Storey Timber Buildings
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [Tall Buildings] [Report] 2014
Alex Kaiser, Magnus Larsson, Ulf Girhammar
Using Charles and Ray Eames’s famous 1950s House of Cards slotting toy as both design metaphor and structural precedent provides the starting point for a novel building logic (utilising three existing Swedish timber systems) that allows volumetrically slotted units to stack inside of and support each other. Contemporary computer-aided fabrication techniques based on evolutionary algorithms and CNC manufacturing strategies are used to produce a methodology for designing a kit-of-parts system at t...

Design Models for CLT Shearwalls and Assemblies Based on Connection Properties
https://fpinnovations.ca/Extranet/Pages/AssetDetai... [Connectors] [Report] 2014
Marjan Popovski, Igor Gavric
The work presented in this report is a continuation of the FPInnovations research project on determining the performance of the CLT as a structural system under lateral loads. As currently there are no standardized methods for determining the resistance of CLT shearwalls under lateral loads, the design approaches are left at discretion of the designers. The most common approach that is currently used in Europe and North America assumes that the resistance of CLT walls is a simple summary of the ...

Technical — XLam
https://www.xlam.co.nz/technical.html... [Commercial/Company Information] [Brochure/Product Sheet] 2019
XLam
As yet there are no Australian or NZ standards specific to the manufacture and use of CLT. However, CLT is very similar to Glue Laminated Timber in that it is manufactured from finger jointed, dried timber using glue lamination under pressure. XLam manufacture complies with Adopted Standards which govern the design, preparation, finger jointing, planing, lamination and verification of XLam CLT products...

Can Sidewalk Labs realize a totally timber smart city? - Archpaper.com
https://archpaper.com/2019/01/quayside-sidewalk-la... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2019
Jonathan Hilburg
Can one of the world’s oldest building materials form the foundation of a sensor-integrated “smart” neighborhood? Alphabet subsidiary Sidewalk Labs is making a go of it on the Toronto waterfront, and has enlisted wood advocates and Katerra partner Michael Green Architecture (MGA) to design flexible, mixed-use timber buildings for its 3-million-square-foot Quayside project....

Wood as an Exposed Building Material for Indoor Climate Adaptation
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-00662-4... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2018
Kristine Nore, Dimitrios Kraniotis, May-Linn Sortland
Use of massive wood has increased during the last decade. The concept of massive wood, mainly as cross laminated timber elements (CLT), has become a popular building method for new constructions, both in public and private sector. Massive wood elements take advantage of wood as building material, also as an indoor climate buffer. Moholt 50|50 is a new student-housing project in Trondheim, Norway, which consists of five mass timber towers. Each of them with eight stories built in CLT on top of a ...

Resistance of Connections in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Under Block Tear-Out Failure Mode
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265553601... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2014
Pouyan Zarnani, P Quenneville
... Extensive research has been conducted in Europe and more recently in Canada to evaluate the fastening capacity of different types of fasteners in CLT [2] [3] [4]. While ductile capacities calculated using yield limit equations based on the European Yield Model (EYM) are quite reliable for fastener resistance in connections, however, they do not take into account the possibl...

Modelling the charring behaviour of structural lumber
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247958005... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 1999
Peter W. C. Lau, Robert White, Ineke Van Zeeland
Charring rates for large-section timber based on experimental data have been generally established. The established rates may not be appropriately used for the prediction of failure times of lumber members which are small by comparison. It is questionable whether a constant rate can be safely assumed for lumber members since the rate is likely to increase once the centre-point temperature of the members starts to rise. This paper presents an empirically based model of charring rates for Spruce-P...

Probabilistic models for the withdrawal behavior of single self-tapping screws in the narrow face of cross laminated timber (CLT)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319444057... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2017
R. Brandner, A. Ringhofer, M. Grabner
Cross laminated timber (CLT) and self-tapping screws have strongly dominated the latest developments in timber engineering. Although knowledge of connection techniques in traditional light-frame structures can be applied to solid timber constructions with CLT, there are some product specifics requiring additional attention; for example in positioning of fasteners, differentiation in the side face and narrow face of the panels and the influence of potential gaps. The load–displacement behaviour o...

Buckling of Cross Laminated Timber Walls
http://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/download/pd... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Olivier Perret, Cyril Douthe, Arthur Lebée, Karam Sab
In the present paper, the buckling load of Cross-Laminated-Timber panels is calculated using an advanced plate model which captures well shear effects, especially those of rolling-shear in cross-layers. The influence of main parameters affecting the critical buckling load is then studied....

High-capacity hold-down for mass-timber buildings
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323489846... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2018
Xiaoyue Zhang, Marjan Popovski, Thomas Tannert
Engineered mass-timber products such as cross-laminated timber enable the use of timber as structural material in tall buildings. One of the advantages of using timber is the reduction in weight and the resulting reduction in foundation costs. A lower structural mass, however, will also lead to less inherent resistance to overturning forces caused by lateral loads such as wind. This paper summarizes the experimental studies on a novel high-capacity hold-down solution for tall timber structures. ...

Cyclic Performance of Connections Used in Hybrid Cross-Laminated Timber
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317886670... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2017
Vahid Mahdavifar
One of the recent additions to the panoply of engineered wood products is cross-laminated timber (CLT). CLT is a prefabricated, large-scale, solid wood panel that consists of multiple layers of lumbers stacked together, with each layer arranged perpendicular to the next layer, glued with structural grade adhesives, and pressed. The use of massive CLT panels in wood construction provides several advantages over the traditional wood frame systems, making it particularly attractive for tall wood bu...

Statewide Alternate Method No. 18-01 Tall Wood Buildings – Background
https://www.oregon.gov/bcd/codes-stand/Documents/s... [Standards/Building code] [Report] 2018
State of Oregon Building Code Division
Statewide Alternate Method (SAM) Number 18-01 provides prescriptive path elements for Tall Wood Buildings of mass timber construction. This alternate path includes scientific conclusions established by the International Code Council’s Ad Hoc Committee on Tall Wood Buildings that were incorporated into fourteen national proposals and utilizes concrete, steel or masonry for the vertical elements of the seismic force-resisting system....

CLT Panels Subjected to Combined Out-of-Plane Bending and Compressive Axial Loads
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Jasmine B. Wang, Bruno Di Lenardo, Mohammad Mohammad
With the introduction of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) into North America construction sector it is of interest to the design and code development communities to have codified provisions to facilitate the design of CLT structures. This paper addresses the design aspect of CLT panels subjected to combined bending and compressive axial loads. Thirteen specimens covering different combinations of grades and layups of commercially available Canadian CLT panels were tested at different eccentricities ...