Influence Factors on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Bolted Timber Connections with Slotted-In Steel Plates
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2023
J. Cao, Y. Liu, Q. Liu, X. Liu, H. Qian
The load-carrying capacity of bolted timber connections with slotted-in steel plates is a critical guide for the practical design of timber buildings. This work investigates various factors that influence the load-carrying capacity of bolted timber connections through testing and gives a comparison of the calculated load-carrying capacity from different standards. ...

Impact of climate change on the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of cross-laminated timber and reinforced concrete buildings in China
https://login.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Zhuocheng Duan
With the urgency of addressing climate change, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has become a sustainable material to substitute reinforced concrete (RC) in building applications. There is a growing number of studies on the life cycle assessment of CLT buildings worldwide, mainly based on historical weather files. This study integrates climate change on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions (LCGHGE) in CLT and RC buildings in five climate zones, including the product and construction (P&C), operational...

Calculating the equivalent elastic moduli and their influence on modelling the sound insulation of softwood cross laminated timber (CLT)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
C. Churchill, B. Nusser, C. Lux
There are characteristics unique to natural materials such as timber that must be dealt with carefully to develop successful sound insulation prediction models. Timber has low internal losses typical of low-density building materials but with material properties that vary according to growth conditions. To study these factors in cross laminated timber (CLT) products, orthotropic thin plate and isotropic thick plate models are investigated. Equivalent elastic moduli are obtained using two methods...

Effects of Adhesive Types and Structural Configurations on Shear Performance of Laminated Board from Two Gigantochloa Bamboos
https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/forests/forests-... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
N. Mohd Yusof, P. Md Tahir, S.H. Lee, M.K. Anwar Uyup
Semantan (Gigantochloa scortechinii) and beting (Gigantochloa levis) bamboo are the two Malaysian bamboo that are suitable to be converted into laminated bamboo boards. One of the main criteria for laminated board is its good bondability, which is determined by shear performance. The shear performance of laminated board is influenced by several factors such as the species used, adhesive types and lamination configurations. Therefore, in this study, laminated bamboo boards were produced using Sem...

Seismic performance of multi-storey cross laminated timber shear walls with high-capacity anchoring systems
https://www.eqc.govt.nz/assets/Publications-Resour... [Seismic Performance] [Report] 2020
Minghao Li, Ben Moerman, Thomas Wright, Angela Liu
New Zealand is a high seismic country and it is critical to design building structures with good seismic performance. Engineered timber products, such as cross laminated timber (CLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and glue-laminated timber (glulam), are becoming popular for building construction in New Zealand and globally as they are considered as sustainable building products and offer cost competitive building solutions. This project aims to enhance seismic performance of multi-storey CLT bui...

BIM-Based Checking Method for the Mass Timber Industry
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/6/1474... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023
C. Paskoff, C. Boton, P. Blanchet
Since the 1990s, mass timber constructions have become more and more popular. This type of construction has characteristics that are ideal for incorporating building information modeling (BIM). A mass timber structure implies offsite prefabrication at the factory, which generates modeling specificities. Although digitalization and BIM are becoming more and more common, and some studies have focused on BIM for mass timber construction, none of them focus on model checking for mass timber construc...

Adopting cross-laminated timber in architectural design to reduce embodied carbon emission in China based on the diffusion of innovation theory
https://login.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023
Zhishan Zhong, Zhonghua Gou
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is a quasi-rigid composite engineered timber product that can assist the building industry in reducing embodied carbon emissions. The adoption of CLT in architectural design is of great importance to help to achieve China’s dual carbon goals. This study aims to understand the factors and their effects on influencing architects’ intentions to adopt this low-carbon building technology. ...

Resilience-Based Seismic Design Based on Time-To-Functionality for Tall Mass Timber Buildings
https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2023
Jace Furley
Mass timber has existed for years as a structural material; however, only in the last decade or so has progress been made in North America on the adoption of mass timber for moderate to high seismic regions. During this time, there has been significant research effort and resources allocated to demonstrating various mass timber products as suitable for seismic applications, in particular as seismic force resisting systems (SFRS). However, during the research process, the potential suitability of...

Future Residential Construction An Exploration of Cross-Laminated Timber
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/apexprod/rws_etd/send_fil... [General Information] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2023
S. Inabnit
This thesis will focus on the exploration of a mass timber product called cross-laminated timber (CLT) construction and the possibility of it replacing stud frame construction in the next ten to twenty years. Using CLT as the primary building material to develop multiple prototype homes comparable in size to standard stud frame homes. Once developed, these CLT homes will be evaluated and compared to their stud frame counterparts to determine if this method could replace stud frame construction. ...

Mass is More: The Barcelona Experiment
https://www.degruyter.com/document/isbn/9783986120... [Case Study/Projects] [Book/Book Section] 2023
A. Organschi, R. Hanhausen, V. Guallart, D. Ibañez
A new piece of architecture, inserted into the Pavilion’s garden and peeking over the travertine wall that forms its famous entry court, referred respectfully to the archetypal language of the once-exotic steel, concrete, and stone masterpiece, but was instead constructed entirely from "mass timber," cross-laminated timber panels sourced from regional forests and manufactured in nearby Galicia. The architectural intervention posed a radical alternative to modernism’s materiality: renewable, sust...

Bioclimatic Architecture: Incorporating Sustainable Design Methods in Cold Climates
https://library.ndsu.edu/ir/handle/10365/33153... [Standards/Building code] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2023
K.T. Kent
- design/certification This thesis explores the use of CLT and other sustainable materials and strategies in a Midwestern context. The intent of this thesis is to educate, inform, and inspire people to invest in our environment and design for the future by making sustainable building decisions in cold climates. To do this, I developed a Sustainable Design Learning Center in Duluth MN that uses design methods such as green building certifications like LEED and WELL, the use of CLT, daylightin...

Slimlam method: robotically bandsawn timber for Glulam applications
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41693-0... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
L. Spencer, Y. Peng, P. Smallidge, M.T. Reiter, S. Zivkovic
Slimlam is a materially optimized manufacturing method to efficiently construct structurally optimized Glulam products through robotic fabrication. Using a bandsaw end effector on a 6-axis robotic arm, boards are programmed with varying thickness and assembled in a specific sequence to create beam shapes that taper to resist the loading effects. This approach reduces the total amount of material and weight in glulam beam products while maintaining a load capacity comparable to uniform glulam bea...

A layered beam-based model for analyzing the stress of rolling shear for the cross-laminated timber panels under out-of-plane bending
https://login.ezp1.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Zirui Huang, Dongsheng Huang, Ying-Hei Chui, Zhongfan Chen
When used as horizontal components to carry vertical loads, such as floors and beams, the design of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels is driven by out-of-plane bending. In this case, rolling shear is always one of the major concerns that governs the performances of ultimate limit state of CLT members. Analytical models are available for predicting the shear capacity of CLT panels, but they are computational extensive and cannot provide the longitudinal distribution of shear stress which is nec...

Effect of Alternate Drying Techniques on Cross-Laminated Timber after Exposure to Free-Water Wetting
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/14/5/1007... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2023
M. Shirmohammadi, A. Faircloth
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels are commonly used in mass-timber multistorey constructions due to their prefabrication, construction flexibility, environmental credentials and weight-to-strength ratio advantages compared to competing building materials. However, the long-term durability and service life of these mass timber panels require further understanding of their performance when exposed to free water. Wetting and drying trials were conducted by exposing Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) CL...

Structural behavior of steel dowel strengthened cross-laminated bamboo and timber beams
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
H. Li, Y. Wei, L. Yan, K.E. Semple, C. Dai
Cross-laminated bamboo and timber (CLBT) products exemplify the efficient utilization of bamboo and timber resources, demonstrating excellent potential in sustainable structural engineering. The significant difference in mechanical properties between high-density engineered bamboo and low-density timber laminations leads to premature in-plane delamination failure and loss of ductility and energy absorption for CLBT members subjected to out-of-plane loading. This study demonstrated that verticall...

Upcycle Timber
https://www.uni-weimar.de/fileadmin/user/fak/archi... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
Dominik Reisach
Structural design process with upcycled timber. Primarily, these include computational design methods and tools to align and orient offcuts, compute wood joints, and thus to address design-specific parameters. The resulting information was used in integrated data workflows to generate and process fabrication relevant data. Thereby, it informed and facilitated the handcrafting and robotic fabrication of several prototypes. Together with the strength tests that evaluated the structural capabilitie...

Assessment of Termite Damage in Cross-laminated Timber Sections Using Micro-computed Tomography and Vibration Analysis
http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BRJ/article/view... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2023
M. Shirmohammadi, A. Faircloth, K.Y. Chan, C. Fitzgerald
The durability of engineered wood products (EWPs) is a parameter yet to be fully investigated and understood. This is specifically important for mass timber structures and cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. The effect of termites and scale of damage on radiata pine sawn boards have been previously investigated. However, the effects of glue line and the layered structure of CLT exposed to termite feeding in the field in Australia have not been studied. A total of 420 CLT specimens with differen...

Behaviour of hybrid cross laminated timber in compression perpendicular to grain in different layup structure, support conditions, and loading configurations
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Y. Gong, S. Xiong, M. Li, Y. Wang, H. Ren, Z. Wang
Cross laminated timber (CLT) is recognized as alternative to traditional construction materials. As a floor member, it causes the compressive deformation or even damage perpendicular to the grain of CLT due to vertical load imposed by the column or wall. The challenge is how to improve the compressive strength (fc,90) and elastic modulus (Ec,90) perpendicular to the grain under the high diversity of possible load configurations. Compared with normal CLT, hybrid CLT (HCLT) used structural composi...

Carbon Credits for Mass Timber Construction
https://www.fpl.fs.usda.gov/documnts/pdf2023/fpl_2... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Adam Taylor, Hongmei Gu, Prakash Nepal, Richard Bergman
Crosslaminated timber (CLT) is a relatively new product that enables mass timber construction to replace traditional construction materials in mid-to-high-rise buildings. Wood materials offer substantial “carbon benefits” by storing carbon in the product and by avoiding the large amounts of new carbon emissions associated with the use of fossil carbon-intensive material options (e.g., concrete and steel). In this analysis, we propose that the carbon benefits of mass timber construction could be...

Case Study: A High-Rise Mass Timber Building in Vancouver, British Columbia
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784484... [Case Study/Projects] [Journal Article] 2023
C. Dickof, R. Jackson, J. Kim
The Keith Drive Office building, a 10-story, exposed tall wood structure located in Vancouver, Canada, will serve as landmark building in central Vancouver. The 43-m-tall structure is comprised of nine floors of mass timber gravity and lateral construction over a concrete podium and four levels of below-grade concrete parking. The 2-h fire rated exposed gravity structure consists of cross laminated timber (CLT) floor panels supported on dropped perimeter glulam beams and flush interior steel bea...