Effects of Arrangement of Steel Plates on Strength of Dowel-Type Cross Laminated Timber Joints with Two Slotted-In Steel Plates Subjected to Lateral Force
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Kei Sawata, Hirokatsu Kawamura, Ryuya Takanashi, Yoshinori Ohashi, Yoshihisa Sasaki
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has received particular attention as a structural material, and its material and joint strengths have been researched. This study derived a strength formula for dowel-type CLT joints with slotted-in two steel plates, based on Johansen’s yield theory. When the steel plate is inserted in CLT that has five laminae, the dowel-type joints with slotted-in two steel plates have thirty-nine yield modes. This study derived the formulas for each yield mode and compared them wi...

Effects of Layups and Grades of Lumber on Bending Strength Properties of Sugi (Cryptomeria Japonica) Cross Laminated Timber Under In-Plane Loading
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2016
Yasushi Hiramatsu, Asushi Miyatake, Takashi Tamaki, Kenta Shindo, Hirofumi Ido, Hirofumi Nagao,Masaki Harada, Junko Ogiso
In-plane bending tests of cross laminated timber (CLT) specimens consisting of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) lumber (symmetrical composition, 3-ply 3-layer, 4-ply 3-layer, 5-ply 5-layer, 7-ply 5-layer, and 7-ply 7-layer layups, and the Mx60 strength grade according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard for CLT) were conducted. The results show that the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of CLT can be measured easily and accurately using the longitudinal vibration technique and that the in-plane bending s...

Effects of Wave Transformation in Junctions of Cross-Laminated Timber
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Blasius Buchegger, Heinz Ferk, Martin Schanz
A conversion of out-of-plane wave components into in-plane wave components at a junction may lead to increasing values of the flanking sound reduction index. The transformed components may contribute to sound radiation, if a reverse transformation occurs at a second junction during wave propagation. Numerical investigations have been assessed for constructions of cross-laminated-timber to verify this effect and have been compared to equivalent models based on concrete. The results prove the rele...

Elastic Constants of Cross Laminated Timber Panels of Industrial Size: Non Destructive Measurement and Verification
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Jianhui Zhou, Ying Hei Chui, Gerhard Schickhofer, Julie Frappier
The in-plane elastic constants of Cross laminated timber (CLT) panels are the fundamental parameters for serviceability design. The elastic constants including moduli of elasticity (MOE) in major and minor strength direction (Ex and Ey) and in-plane shear modulus (Gxy) of full-size CLT panels with different dimensions and layups from three CLT producers were measured by a non-destructive test (NDT) method developed by the first author. In total, 51 CLT panels were tested with most of the testing...

Environmental Performance of Timber Constructions Located in Highly Utilised Area - Based on Realised Buildings Made of Sawn Timber or CLT
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Yu-hsiang Yeh, Chih-kang Chiao
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the environmental performance of various timber constructions that have been realised within intensively utilised area in recent years. The appraisal is carried out by means of life cycle assessment (LCA). The goal is to compare their environmental performance to the outcomes of other constructions. First, the environmental implications of structural elements during early life cycle stages are evaluated. Then, the effect of both disposal and material r...

Evaluation of Buckling Strength of Cross Laminated Timber
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Shiro Nakajima, Atsushi Miyatake, Tatsuya Shibuwasa, Yasuhiro Araki, Kenta Shindo, Takeshi Haramiishi, Yudai Kudo
The Japanese Building Code provides formulas to calculate the buckling strength for structural lumbers and structural wooden engineered products such as glulam and LVL. The adaptability of these formulas against cross laminated timbers is discuss in this paper. To determining the buckling strength properties for cross laminated timbers a series of buckling test were operated for full-size cross laminated timber of certain structural grades. The buckling loads obtained though these tests were com...

Evaluation of Lamination Effect on In Plane Bending Strength of Cross Laminated Timber
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Tsuyoshi Aoyama, Akihisa Kitamori, Takuro Mori, Hiroshi Isoda, Yasuhiro Araki, Takafumi Nakagawa
Various kind of in-plane bending tests of cross laminated timber (CLT) with different shapes have been previously carried out. The results indicate that the bending strength of CLT loaded in plane reduces as the number of layer increases. To evaluate this lamination effect on in-plane bending strength of CLT, a computational model based on Monte Carlo method was developed. The estimated bending strength showed the same tendency. ...

Evaluation of the Shear Strength of Cross-Laminated Timber Under Out-of-Plane Loading
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Seiichiro Ukyo, Kenta Shindo, Atsushi Miyatake
Since cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel is produced with its layer crosswise, the rolling shear stress is inevitably introduced to the cross layers if bent in out-of-plane direction. In this study, the shear strength of CLT panels was evaluated with 3-point bending test (short span) and asymmetric 4-point bending test in out-of-plane direction. The CLT panel was consisting of two different species Hinoki (Japanese cypress) for outer layer and Sugi (Japanese cedar) for inner layer. Four differen...

Experimental Analysis of Flanking Transmission of Different Connection Systems for CLT Panels
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Alice Speranza, Luca Barbaresi, Federica Morandi
This paper presents the first results of the flan.wood project, a study promoted by Rotho Blaas srl regarding flanking transmission between CLT panels jointed with different connection systems. The vibration reduction index Kij is evaluated according to the EN ISO 10848 standard by measuring the velocity level difference between CLT panels. The performance of the X-RAD connection system is compared to the performance of a traditional connection system made of shear angle bracket and hold-down, b...

Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels Produced with Pine Timber from Thinnings in Uruguay
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2016
Vanesa Baño, Daniel Godoy, Abel Vega
Due to the high volume of timber required for manufacturing, the production of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels could be an appropriate destiny for the existing surplus of pinewood presently available in Uruguay. Although wood construction is uncommon in this country, there are some companies with the capacity to adapt their production to new products such as CLT. This work evaluates the properties of CLT panels manufactured in Uruguay with local pine (Pinus taeda and Pinus elliiottii) from f...

Experimental Investigation of Self-Centering Cross Laminated Timber Walls
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Ryan Ganey, Jeffrey Berman, Lihong Yao, Daniel Dolan, Tugce Akbas, Sara Loftus, Richard Sause, James Ricles, Shiling Pei, John van de Lindt, Hans-Erik Blomgren
This paper describes experiments conducted to develop a resilient lateral force resisting wall system that combines cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels with vertical post-tensioning (PT) to provide post-event re-centering. Supplemental mild steel U-shaped flexural plate devices (UFPs) are intended to yield under cyclic loading while the PT and CLT components remain undamaged until large inter-story drifts are experienced by the wall. The experiments were designed to explore various limit states ...

Experimental Test of Cross Laminated Timber Connections Under Bi-Directional Loading
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Jingjing Liu, Frank Lam
This paper presents results of an experimental study of commonly used angle bracket and hold-down connections in Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) wall systems under bi-directional loading. Monotonic and cyclic tests of the connections were carried out in one direction, while different levels of constant force were simultaneously applied in a perpendicular direction. The experiment aims to consider the combined and coupling effect of loads for connections in a rocking CLT shear wall system. Key mecha...

External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems in Solid Timber Construction
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Simon Günther, Andreas Ringhofer, Gerhard Schickhofer
External thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) combined with cross laminated timber (CLT) reveal useful exterior wall constructions, which meet the requirements for sustainability, serviceability and durability of modern buildings efficiently. Associated thermal insulation and moisture protection requirements are essential design criteria to be considered in the planning process. In light of the European legal regulation concerning ETICS, our paper deals with the hygrothermal behavior of ...

Failure Analysis of CLT Shear Walls with Opening Subjected to Horizontal and Vertical Loads
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Motoi Yasumura, Kenji Kobayashi, Minoru Okabe
CLT wall panels having an opening were subjected to horizontal loading and the failure process of CLT around the opening was compared with the simulation by Finite Element Method. Three types of CLT wall panels of 3500mm length and 2700mm height had an opening of 1500mm length and 900mm to 2000mm height at the center of the wall panel. During the racking test of wall panel cracks appeared at the corner of the opening. The wall panel was modelled with three models. One included a single orthotrop...

Finite Element Modeling for Vibration Transmission in a Cross Laminated Timber Structure
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Nikolaos-Georgios Vardaxis, Klas Hagberg, Delphine Bard
This paper deals with a certain type of C.L.T. (Cross Laminated Timber) construction, in a residential building in Fristad, Sweden. The objective is to study impact noise transmission, at the lower frequency range (10-200 Hz), where wooden dwellings perform inefficiently, in terms of acoustic quality. The vibrational behavior of lightweight structures and specifically a multilayered floor separating two vertically adjacent bedrooms are investigated. A numerical model of the multilayered test pla...

Finite Element Modelling of the Cyclic Behaviour of CLT Connectors and Walls
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2016
Chrysl Aranha, Jorge Branco, Paulo Lourenço, Georg Flatscher, Gerhard Schickhofer
The characterization of the behaviour of connectors used in Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) structures is an important aspect that needs to be considered in their seismic design. In this paper, the data from shear and axial tests conducted on connectors have been used to define their force-displacement curves under cyclic loads using the SAWS model in OpenSees. The component curves were then incorporated into the corresponding wall models and the results were compared with their experimental counte...

Fire Performance of Mass-Timber Encapsulation Methods and the Effect of Encapsulation on Char Rate of Cross-Laminated Timber
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Laura Hasburgh, Keith Bourne, Christian Dagenais, Lindsay Ranger, Audrey Roy-Poirier
Twenty-three (23) cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels were exposed to a standard fire at an intermediate scale. This paper discusses several encapsulation methods used to increase the fire resistance of those panels, with emphasis on encapsulation times and the impact of encapsulation on the charring rate of CLTs. The encapsulation methods used included Type X gypsum board, intumescent coating, rock fibre insulation and spray applied fire-resistant materials (SFRM). The results suggest that enca...

Fireproof Tests and Heat Conduction Analyses for Development of 2-Hour Fire Resistant Structures
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Daisuke Kamikawa, Toshiro Harada, Tatsuo Inada, Yoh Kuratomi, Ikuo Shiozaki, Tadashi Murata
Small furnace fire tests were conducted on CLT cladded with calcium silicate boards, gypsum boards, and combinations of the two. The difference in fire resistance when using different board types, combinations, and thicknesses was demonstrated. Some cross-sectional configurations had enough 2-hour fire resistance performance. Then, the full scale 2-hour fireproof tests were conducted on CLT floor slabs containing an H-shaped steel beam. From the result, it was suggested that additional thermal i...

Fire Resistance of Cross-Laminated Timber in Japan
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Tomohiro Naruse, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Tensei Mizukami, Noboru Yasui, Makoto Kawai, Yuji Hasemi
Fire-testing data, such as charring rates and failure modes of structural elements exposed to ISO-standard fires, for unprotected cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made of domestic timber were investigated to apply the reduced-cross-section method to CLT panels. For the charring rates, a series of fire tests without loading was conducted with experimental parameters including adhesive type, lamina thickness, and wood species. Based on the measured charring rates, a series of fire-resistance te...

From Europe with Love
https://repositum.tuwien.ac.at/obvutwoa/content/pa... [Markets] [Conference Paper] 2016
Gary Williams
Over the last two decades or so, increasing familiarity with European creativity in building with wood has excited wood designers and constructors world-wide. This has led to new visions of daring and adventure to change building codes and design standards, establish new manufacturing and distribution channels, all to bring expanded opportunities to work with wood that Vogue Paris describes as “a trendy product…undoubtedly one of the most elegant building materials”. This paper will examine how ...