A Review of Factors Affecting the Burning Behaviour of Wood for Application to Tall Timber Construction
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs1... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Alastair I. Bartlett, Rory M. Hadden, Luke A. Bisby
This paper presents a review of the pyrolysis, ignition, and combustion processes associated with wood, for application in tall timber construction. The burning behaviour of wood is complex. However the processes behind pyrolysis, ignition, combustion, and extinction are generally well understood, with good agreement in the fire science literature over a wide range of experimental conditions for key parameters such as critical heat flux for ignition (12 kW/m 2 ± 2 kW/m 2) and heat of combustion ...

Shaking table testing of post-tensioned timber frame building with passive energy dissipation systems
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs1... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Antonio Di Cesare, Felice Carlo Ponzo, Domenico Nigro, Stefano Pampanin, Tobias Smith
A recently developed technology for the construction of multi-storey timber buildings called Pres-Lam uses long lengths of prefabricated laminated timber connected together using pre-stressing steel tendons or bars. A 3-dimensional, 3-storey, 2/3rd scaled Pres-Lam frame building was tested on the shaking table of the structural laboratory of the University of Basilicata. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to confirm the effectiveness of the Pres-Lam technology, originally developed usin...

Mass Timber Design + Research Book Launch Event | Think Wood
https://www.thinkwood.com/news/mass-timber-design-... [Markets] [Others] 2018
Think Wood
Join BE-Ex to celebrate the publication of Mass Timber: Design and Research (ORO Editions, 2017) with author Susan Jones, one of the foremost voices in the mass timber dialogue today. A widely-discussed contemporary construction method, mass timber provides environmental, construction, and aesthetic benefits including a far smaller carbon footprint (compared to the production of concrete or steel), superior thermal performance, speed of assembly and positive human health outcomes....

New CLT Production Facility a Result of Robust Relationships
https://oregonclt.com/new-cross-laminated-timbers-... [Markets] [Others] 2015
Oregon CLT
When D.R. Johnson received the first U.S. industry ANSI certification from the American Plywood Association (APA)- The Engineered Wood Association to manufacture cross-laminated timbers (CLT), it was the culmination of a two-year development process made possible by numerous critical partnerships. The D.R. Johnson team is led by John Redfield, Shawn Westbrooks, and Bill Crowl and the outstanding work of their dedicated crews. ...

Seismic analysis of multi-storey timber buildings braced with a CLT core and perimeter shear-walls
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs1... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Andrea Polastri, Matteo Izzi, Luca Pozza, Cristiano Cristiano Loss, Ian Smith
The seismic behaviour of multi-storey heavy-frame timber building superstructures braced by Cross-Laminated-Timber (CLT) shear-walls is investigated based on numerical linear dynamic simulations. All systems analysed have the same rectangular plan footprint dimensions, type of framework and shear-walls arrangement at each storey. For structural efficiency, the layout of lateral load-resisting systems combines a central building core with partial length perimeter shear-walls. What differs between...

Dynamic Response in Tall Timber Structures A parametric study of the dynamic response due to lateral loads in a tall timber structure
http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fullte... [Tall Buildings] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2018
Fredrik Ivarsson, Joel Sjöholm
Modern building tend to strive towards more slender and lightweight constructions. That is to be more provident with space and materials as well as for aesthetic reasons. The effect of these lightweight slender buildings is an increased sensitivity to lateral loads with regard to the dynamic behaviour of the structure. Since the european union changed to more function based standards, the development of timber and timber products have increased during the past 20 years. It is now both in the int...

Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Connection for Timber-Steel Hybrid System
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280936786... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2014
Md Riasat Azim
In recent years, hybrid systems have grown in popularity as potential solution for mid-rise construction. There is also an increased interest in using timber for such systems. The lack of established design guidance, however, has tabled the practical implementation of timber-based hybrid structures. The aim of this thesis is to address the existing knowledge gap regarding the detailed connection design of hybrid systems through combined experimental and numerical investigations on a novel timber...

CLT wall elements under cyclic loading - details for anchorage and connection
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305114131... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2013
Johannes Hummel, Georg Flatscher, Werner Seim, Gerhard Schickhofer
his paper presents the results of experimental studies on the behaviour of CLT walls under cyclic loading carried out at the University of Kassel and TU Graz with focus on the influence of different configurations of anchorage and connection. Results of a case study – performed to identify realistic loading conditions of wall elements for testing – are presented first. A brief introduction on data processing is given to evaluate parameters like ductility and hysteretic damping. The influence of ...

Experimental investigations and design provisions of steel-to-timber joints with annular-ringed shank nails for Cross-Laminated Timber structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305828936... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2016
Matteo Izzi, Georg Flatscher, Massimo Fragiacomo, Gerhard Schickhofer
This paper investigates the mechanical and the hysteretic behaviour of steel-to-timber joints with annular-ringed shank nails in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT). These fasteners are used to anchor typical metal connectors, such as hold-downs and angle brackets, to the CLT panels. The experimental pro- gramme presented in the paper was carried out at the Institute of Timber Engineering and Wood Technology, Graz University of Technology (Graz, Austria). Average and characteristic values of the exper-...

Charring Rate for Fire Exposed X-Lam
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318103327... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2017
Bernice VY Wong, Kong Fah Tee
Design of timber structures has been outlined in Eurocode 5. Notional charring rate for softwood and hardwood timber is given. For the performance of X-LAM panels in fire, only little information on charring is available and whether the fire behaviour of X-LAM is similar to homogenous timber panels has not yet been systematically analysed. This paper presents an overview of fire performance of X-LAM and evaluation of its resistance to elevated temperature as an element of structure in comparison...

Bolted glulam beam-column connections under different combinations of shear and bending
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329771941... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2018
Mingqian Wang, Xianglin Gu, Jianyang Tang
Bolted glulam beam-column connections are often subjected to combined shear force and bending moment induced by the semi-rigid nature of such connections. This paper summarizes the results of a series of experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical behavior of such connections under various combinations of shear force and bending moment, defined by the shear-to-moment ratio λ. Monotonic loading tests, including pure bending tests (λ = 0), pure shear tests (λ = ∞), and combined shear and ...

Effects of surface treatment and adhesives on bond performance and mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) made from small diameter Eucalyptus timber
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2018
Zhaohua Lu, Haibin Zhou, Yuchao Liao, Chuanshuang Hu
The feasibility of manufacturing cross-laminated timber (CLT) using fast-grown small diameter Eucalyptus timber was explored in preliminary studies. However, eucalyptus bonded with commercial one-component polyurethane adhesive usually provides poor resistance to delamination and shear force. The effects of priming surface of eucalyptus CLT lamella intended for a bondline and different adhesives on block shear strength (BSS), wood failure percentage (WFP), and rate of delamination (RD) of Eucaly...

Análisis del Comportamiento Sísmico de Estructuras con Paneles Prefabricados de Madera Contralaminada
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321827362... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Beatriz Gonzalez Rodrigo, Alberto Fraile, Juan Carlos Mosquera, Belen Benito
The increasing addition of CLT wood panels as a sustainable building material for high-rise constructions requires an indepth study of its behavior in the face of accidental seismic actions. Current research is focusing on the analysis of the response of connections to monotonous and cyclic loads, as these joints actively provide strength, rigidity, stability and ductility. The curves obtained from these analyses are being incorporated in the numerical models in order to be able to predict the b...

Martha C. Cutts Gymnasium | Think Wood
https://www.thinkwood.com/our-projects/martha-c-cu... [Case Study/Projects] [Others] 2016
Think Wood
For Washington D.C. education leaders, the Martha C. Cutts Gymnasium is more than just the region’s first cross-laminated timber building. The 11,266 square foot facility signals an exciting new construction advance that supports student well-being and school distinction within ever-tightening budgets....

The Case for Designing with Nail-Laminated Timber
https://www.thinkwood.com/news/designing-with-nlt-... [Case Study/Projects] [Web Page] 2018
ThinkWood
Perkins+Will senior sustainable building adviser Rebecca Holt shares insights from the inaugural design and construction guide for the mass-timber product. Enticed by the aesthetic, sustainability, and versatility of engineered wood, architects, building owners, and developers continue to express interest in mass timber design and construction in the United States. Nail-laminated timber (NLT) is one of the simplest and most accessible products in the growing family of engineered wood products, w...

Blast Testing Shows CLT Can Take the Heat
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/labnotes/?tag=woodworks... [Other] [Report] 2016
Rebecca Wallace
Here at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), we sometimes get a little destructive. We bend and break wood samples of all sizes, and we even shoot lumber out of a cannon at 100 miles per hour. But explosions? That’s a bit out of our wheelhouse. Not that wood can’t handle it. Particularly when it’s used in engineered products like cross-laminated timber (CLT), which FPL researchers have studied from many angles, including fire performance, use in earthquake-prone regions, and the effects of mois...

Why Experts Choose to Build with Wood | Think Wood
https://www.thinkwood.com/news/experts-choose-buil... [Markets] [Others] 2018
reThink Wood
The mass timber movement is gaining momentum as experts across the United States and the world choose to leverage wood’s strength, durability, cost effectiveness and renewability. Innovative wood products such as cross-laminated timber and glulam, along with evolving building codes, are enabling architects, designers and engineers to construct wood buildings that meet the needs of both owners and occupants. The efficiency of these building materials, in terms of both cost and construction, have ...

Cross-Laminated Timber: Status and Research Needs in Europe
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284168523... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2016
Omar Espinoza, Vladimir Rodriguez Trujillo, Maria Fernanda Laguarda Mallo, Urs Buehlmann
n the 20 years since its invention in Europe, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has become a widely used construction material in parts of the old continent and has started to attract global attention. CLT possesses numerous advantages as a construction material, including its superior structural and environmental performance, as well as the speed and efficiency with which CLT buildings can be erected. In this study, European engineers were surveyed to learn about their current level of awareness of ...

Experimental and numerical behaviour of cross- Laminated timber floors in fire conditions
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289567156... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2012
Massimo Fragiacomo, A. Menis, Isaia Clemente, Giovanna Bochicchio
The paper investigates the thermal and mechanical behaviour of cross-laminated timber (crosslam) floor panels exposed to fire. The results obtained from large-scale tests performed at ambient temperature and in fire conditions are presented. In the tests in fire conditions, both unloaded and out-of-plane uniformly loaded panels were tested. Further, some panels were protected with different cladding systems to improve their fire performance. Finite element models were implemented in Abaqus softw...

Seismic performance of embedded steel beam connection in cross-laminated timber panels for tall-wood hybrid system
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317646043... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2017
Xiaoyue Zhang, Md Riasat Azim, Pooja Bhat, Marjan Popovski, Thomas Tannert
Recent developments in novel engineered mass timber products and connection systems have created the possibility to design and construct tall timber-based buildings. This research presents the experiments conducted on the steel-wood connection as main energy dissipating part of a novel steel–timber hybrid system labelled Finding the Forest Through the Trees (FFTT). The performance was investigated using quasi-static monotonic and reversed cyclic tests. The influence of different steel beam profi...