Structural performance of hybrid SPFs-LSL cross-laminated timber panels
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2017
William G. Davids, Nicholas Willey, Roberto Lopez-Anido, Stephen Shaler, Douglas Gardner, Russel Edgar, Mehdi Tajvidi
The bending and shear performance of hybrid cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made from Spruce-Pine-Fir (South) (SPFs) and laminated strand lumber (LSL) are examined. Four configurations of three-layer CLT were fabricated: all-SPFs control specimens, all-LSL specimens, hybrid specimens with SPFs faces and an LSL core, and hybrid specimens with LSL faces and an SPFs core. Bending tests were conducted to assess flexural strength and stiffness. Additionally, three-point bending tests were perform...

Future Forward: Can Cross-Laminated timber Replace Concrete and Steel?
http://informedinfrastructure.com/33268/future-for... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2017
Todd Danielson
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Flanking Sound Transmission in Connected Panels of Cross-Laminated Timber at Low Frequencies
http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.4970428... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Blasius Buchegger, Heinz Ferk
The sound transmission between adjacent rooms can be dominated by the structure-borne sound transmission in the flanking walls. A wall can be defined as a subsystem of the overall system based on two coupled rooms. These subsystems show local modes, if they are not connected to each other. In contrast, connected subsystems result in global modes showing a high response of both subsystems, if the comparable local modes have similar eigenfrequencies. The flanking sound transmission especially at l...

Pioneering a New Building System
https://www.spokanejournal.com/special-report/pion... [General Information] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2017
Mike McLean
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Prediction of Motion Responses of Cross-Laminated-Timber Slabs
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Ebenezer Ussher, Kaveh Arjomandi, Jan Weckendorf, Ian Smith
Cross-laminated-timber (CLT) floor slabs have clustered modal frequencies, with higher order modes significantly influencing motions caused by dynamic footfall forces. Presented analyses address dependence of predicted slab motions on construction details and modal frequency filtering decisions. Based on the results, ideas are presented for creating robust vibration serviceability design methods applicable to CLT floor slabs. Those ideas are consistent with ISO limits on human toleration of moti...

The influences of moisture content variation, number and width of gaps on the withdrawal resistance of self tapping screws inserted in cross laminated timber
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2016
Catarina Silva, Jorge M. Branco, Andreas Ringhofer, Paulo B. Lourenco, Gerhard Schickhofer
A large experimental campaign comprised of 470 withdrawal tests was carried out, aiming to quantify the withdrawal resistance of self-tapping screws (STS) inserted in the side face of cross laminated timber (CLT) elements. In order to deeply understand the “CLT-STS” composite model, the experimental tests considered two main parameters: (i) simple and cyclic changes on moisture content (MC) and (ii) number and width of gaps. Regarding (i), three individual groups of test specimens were stabilize...

New design approach for controlling brittle failure modes of small-dowl-type connections in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2015
Pouyan Zarnani, Pierre Quenneville
The introduction of Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) as an engineered timber product has played a significant role in considerable progress of timber construction in recent years. Extensive research has been conducted in Europe and more recently in Canada to evaluate the fastening capacity of different types of fasteners in CLT. While ductile capacities calculated using the yield limit equations are quite reliable for fastener resistance in connections, however, they do not take into account the pos...

Structural design of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) by advanced plate theories
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0266353810001612/1-s2.0-S0... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2010
R. Sturzenbacher, H.K. Hoffstetter, J. Eberhardsteiner
Cross Laminated Timber enjoys great popularity in structural engineering and is one of the upcoming; building materials in the timber construction sector. To support the favorable development of this; high-performance wood product and to strengthen its competitiveness towards other mass building; materials, the mechanical behavior and its implications for the structural design are addressed here. From; the mechanical point of view CLT is a multilayer, highly anisotropic and shear compliant lamin...

On the uncertainty of building acoustic measurements - Case study of a cross-laminated timber construction
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0003682X12000679/1-s2.0-S0... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2012
Rikard Oqvist, Fredrik Ljunggren, Anders Agren
If variations and uncertainty in building acoustic measurements can be controlled, construction costs can; potentially be reduced since the building will not have to be acoustically over-designed. Field measurements; of impact and airborne sound insulation were carried out for an industrially prefabricated crosslaminated; timber (CLT) system of plate elements. The results from 18 rooms, forming three groups with; respect to size, were compared to a similar study dealing with a prefabricated Volu...

The wood from the trees: The use of timber in construction
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1364032116306050/1-s2.0-S1... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2017
Michael H. Ramage, Henry Burridge, Marta Busse-Wicher, George Fereday, Thomas Reynolds, Darshil U. Shah, Guanglu Wu, Li Yu, Patrick Fleming, Danielle Densley-Tingley, Julian Allwood, Paul Dupree, P.F. Linden, Oren Scherman
Trees, and their derivative products, have been used by societies around the world for thousands of years. Contemporary construction of tall buildings from timber, in whole or in part, suggests a growing interest in the potential for building with wood at a scale not previously attainable. As wood is the only significant building material that is grown, we have a natural inclination that building in wood is good for the environment. But under what conditions is this really the case? The environm...

High-rise Timber Buildings as a Climate Change Mitigation Measure – A Comparative LCA of Structural System Alternatives
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1876610216307512/1-s2.0-S1... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Julie Lyslo Skullestad,Rolf Andre Bohne,Jardar Lohne
This paper reports on a study examining the potential of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the building sector by substituting multi-storey steel and concrete building structures with timber structures. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied to compare the climate change impact (CC) of a reinforced concrete (RC) benchmark structure to the CC of an alternative timber structure for four buildings ranging from 3 to 21 storeys. The timber structures are dimensioned to meet the same load c...

Cyclic performancec of connections used in hybrid corss-laminated timber
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317886670... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2017
Vahid Mahdavifar
One of the recent additions to the panoply of engineered wood products is cross-laminated timber (CLT). CLT is a prefabricated, large-scale, solid wood panel that consists of multiple layers of lumbers stacked together, with each layer arranged perpendicular to the next layer, glued with structural grade adhesives, and pressed. The use of massive CLT panels in wood construction provides several advantages over the traditional wood frame systems, making it particularly attractive for tall wood bu...

Displacement-based seismic design for multi-storey cross laminated timber buildings
http://www.uni-kassel.de/upress/online/OpenAccess/... [Seismic Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2017
Johannes Hummel
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Hygrothermal properties of Cross Laminated Timber Panels
http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2691... [Moisture/Durability] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2017
Jaya Tripathi
The primary objective of this research was to assess and to model the hygrothermal properties of CLT panels made from three distinct combinations of spruce lumber and laminated strand lumber (LSL). The hygrothermal performance of these materials both individually and in conjunction in CLT has not been investigated before. Assessment of hygrothermal properties is necessary to evaluate heat and moisture transfer through the panels which in turn helps to determine where problems might occur within ...

Marketing innovative products in a conservative industry: A look at Cross-Laminated Timber
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1120866... [Markets] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2017
Jonatan Lindholm, Staefan Markus Reiterer
Previous experience with the construction industry tells us that it’s often conservative and slow to adopt changes or use radical new ideas. This is a problem faced by Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT), as it’s provides a new way of working with wooden construction, that is still unfamiliar to most companies. Marketing this new solution is therefore hard, especially since a lot of the public is still unsure about the qualities and properties of the product. Results are gathered with the help of an i...

Development and Full-Scale Validation of Resilience-Based Seismic Design of Tall Wood Buildings: The NHERI Tallwood Project
http://db.nzsee.org.nz/2017/O5C.2_Ryan.pdf... [Tall Buildings] [Conference Paper] 2017
S. Pei, J.W. van de Lindt, J. Ricles, R. Sause, J. Berman, K. Ryan, J.D. Dolan, A. Buchanan, T. Robinson, E. McDonnell, H. Blomgren, M. Popovski, D. Rammer
With global urbanization trends, the demands for tall residential and mixeduse buildings in the range of 8~20 stories are increasing. One new structural system in this height range are tall wood buildings which have been built in select locations around the world using a relatively new heavy timber structural material known as cross laminated timber (CLT). With its relatively light weight, there is consensus amongst the global wood seismic research and practitioner community that tall wood build...

Effect of manufacturing parameters on mechanical properties of southern yellow pine cross laminated timbers
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2017
Houri Sharifnia, Daniel P. Hindman
Development of cross laminated timber (CLT) manufacturing facilities will require an optimization of manufacturing parameters to ensure efficient production. This study examined the effects of press pressure, press time and the addition of water to bond surfaces for a CLT panel composed of southern pine lumber and polyurethane adhesive. Evaluation of the CLT panels used the five-point bending test for bending stiffness, bending strength and shear stiffness in addition to measuring the resistance...

Utilization of Low-value Lumber from Small-diameter Logs Harvested in pacific Northwest Forest Restoration Programs in Hybrid Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Core Layers: A Market Response
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/parent/... [Raw Materials] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2017
Brent Lawrence
The United States spends about $2 billion each year fighting wildfires. While it is a costly operation, mechanized thinning of dense federal forests is one preventative strategy that generates high volumes of small logs. These small logs are often used for wood chips, pulp, or biomass because of the high hauling costs to deliver small logs to sawmills capable of processing them into lumber. Exploration into current markets for small-diameter logs (4 to 6 inches) harvested off federal timberlands...

Predicting sound radiation and sound transmission in orthotropic cross-laminated timber panels
http://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.4988121... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Andrea Santoni, Paolo Bonfiglio, Patrizio Fausti
In the last decades, new materials and new technologies which satisfy sustainability and energy efficiency demands have been developed for the building construction market. Lightweight structures are becoming increasingly popular, but it has been proved that they cannot provide satisfactory sound insulation. Therefore a proper acoustic treatment needs to be specifically designed, considering both airborne and structure-borne sound sources. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) elements, for example, have...

Prediction of vibration reduction index for junctions made of cross laminated timber elements
http://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.4987244... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Jordi Poblet-Puig
The new revision of standard EN 12354-1 will provide some prediction formulas for estimating the vibration reduction index (Kij) of junctions made of cross laminated timber (CLT) elements. These are based on laboratory and in situ measurements. At the same time, new Kij prediction formulas for heavyweight junctions have also been added to this revised standard, in order to include large amount of data generated by means of parametric numerical analysis. The goal of this research is to study if t...