Solid Timber Construction: Process, Practice, Performance
https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.nibs.org/resource/re... [Economics/Costs] [Report] 2015
Ryan E. Smith, Gentry Griffin, Talbot Rice
This project evaluates off-site solid timber production processes in the international solid timber industry. The Solid Timber Construction (STC) projects documented herein provide a test bed to evaluate project performance metrics attributed to off-site construction. This study also evaluates the contingent qualitative environmental, organizational and technological contextual factors related to STC. ...

Reconciling sustainable and resilient design in cities: Cross laminated timber and the future of Japanese wooden buildings
https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handl... [Markets] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2015
Amy Klouse Fuentes
Using the subject of material culture as a lens through which Japanese urban architectural history and political debates are brought into sharper relief, this thesis argues that manufactured engineered wood products like cross laminated timber (CLT) are a part of the larger ongoing discussion on how to solve urban problems and offer the ability to connect sustainable and resilient building design agendas in cities. In addition, if CLT and other wood-based materials are domestically grown and res...

Seismic Design and Testing of Rocking Cross Laminated Timber Walls
https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/h... [Seismic Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2015
Ryan S. Ganey
Mass timber is an attractive alternative to nonrenewable materials such as concrete and steel. High rise timber buildings have not been built in high seismic areas due to lack of ductile lateral force resisting systems that can have large seismic force reduction factors. Seismically resilient, lateral systems for tall timber buildings can be created by combining cross laminated timber (CLT) panels with post-tensioned (PT) self-centering technology. The concept features a system of stacked CLT wa...

Seismic behavior of cross-laminated timber panel buildings equipped with traditional and innovative connectors
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Massimo Latour, Gianvittorio Rizzano
The aim of this paper is to analyze the possibility to improve the seismic performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel buildings introducing in the structure dissipative connectors in substitution of the classical hold-downs. In fact, as demonstrated by past experimental tests and numerical analyses, hold-downs exhibit a limited dissipation capacity. The proposed dissipative connector is called XL-stub and applies the concept usually adopted for ADAS devices. In order to prove the effectiv...

Real-Scale Fire Tests on Timber Constructions
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308074365... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Xiao Li, Cameron McGregor, Alejandro Medina, Xiaoqian Sun, David Barber, George Hadjisophocleous
This paper documents the findings of a series of full-scale room fire tests, which includes tests on fully protected, partially protected CLT rooms as well as light-frame timber/steel rooms under real natural fires, aiming to investigate the fire behaviour and performance of CLT panels as an increasingly popular engineered wood product and to compare it to the performance of more traditional construction methods. Results show that the CLT panels when left unprotected get involved in the room fir...

Structural response of fire-exposed cross-laminated timber beams under sustained loads
https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0379711216301035/1-s2.0-S0... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Seab A. Lineham, Daniel Thomson, Alastair I. Bartlett, Luke A. Bisby, Rory M. Hadden
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a popular construction material for low and medium-rise construction. However an architectural aspiration exists for tall mass timber buildings, and this is currently hindered by knowledge gaps and perceptions regarding the fire behaviour of mass timber buildings. To begin to address some of the important questions regarding the structural response of fire-exposed CLT structures in real fires, this paper presents a series of novel fire tests on CLT beams subjected...

Dalston Lane Largest global CLT project
http://waughthistleton.com/dalston-works... [Tall Buildings] [Web Page] 2015
Waugh Thistleton Architects
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Strut and tie modelling of cross-laminated timber panels incorporating angular material properties
http://opus.bath.ac.uk/47669/1/Hannah_R_Pearson_Ph... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2014
Hannah Pearson
The use of Cross-Laminated Timber products has increased in recent years with a range of structural applications including CLT tall buildings and folded structures. As CLT is used in more innovative structural applications the need for specific methods of design and analysis are apparent. A review of the literature demonstrates that despite the increasing popularity of CLT in construction there are limited methods for the design and analysis of CLT panels and structures that fully utilise its un...

Moisture-induced stresses in cross-laminated wood panels
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/... [Moisture/Durability] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2009
Thomas Gereke
When cross-laminated wood panels are exposed to moisture variations, the crosswise bonding of the layers may cause problems. Shape distortions may reduce the serviceability. Drying stresses cause cracks on the surface, which act as a potential target for water accumulation and disrupt the natural wood surface. Moisture induced deformations may lead to problems in areas where two panels are connected, such as gap opening or failure due to compression. It was the objective of the present study to ...

Would you live in a wooden skyscraper?
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/09/would-you-l... [Tall Buildings] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2016
Warren Cornwall
...

Cyclic Behavior and Modeling of a Dissipative Connector for Cross-Laminated Timber Panel Buildings
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.948645... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2014
Massimo Latour, Gianvittorio Rizzano
This article aims to propose an innovative type of angle to be used in substitution of the hold-down in cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel buildings. The new connection, called XL-stub, applies a concept similar to the classical ADAS (added stiffness and damping) device. In order to characterize the force-displacement response under cyclic loads of the proposed XL-stub, an experimental campaign is presented. Successively, the effectiveness of the proposed angle is proved by analyzing the non-lin...

Lateral Loading Tests on CLT Shear Walls by Assembly of Narrow Panels and by a Large Panel with an Opening
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/16/ABS640_Kaw... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Naohito Kawai, Takahiro Tsuchimoto, Chihiro Tsuda, Satoru Murakami, Sota Miura, Hiroshi Isoda, Tatsuya Miyake
In this paper, the results of lateral loading tests on two types of CLT shear wall systems with an opening are summarized, one is the shear wall system with assembling narrow size CLT panels and another is that using one large size panel with an opening. 8 types, 13 specimens in all were tested. Load-displacement curves were obtained and characteristic values of shear performance were derived. Next, the analysis using substituted bracing models is discussed. It is confirmed that the load-displac...

Potential of CLT Produced from Non-Structural Grade Ausrialian Pinus Radiata
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/3a/ABS619_Sig... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2014
Christophe Sigrist, Martin Lehmann
In Australia CLT has a big potential but has to be imported from overseas to date for quite high prices. Mill- ing of Pinus Radiata using optimised sawing patterns for yield and consecutive mechanical grading leads to a substantial amount of boards that cannot directly be used for structural purposes. Therefore it should be economically interesting to produce CLT using this resource. The authors performed a considerable amount of mechanical tests using various setups and optimised layups in orde...

Structural Characterization of Multi-Storey Buildings with CLT Cores
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/58/ABS454_Tru... [Tall Buildings] [Conference Paper] 2014
Andrea Polastri, Luca Pozza, Davide Trutalli, Roberto Scotta, Ian Smith
The behaviour of multi-storey buildings braced with Cross-Laminated-Timber (CLT) cores and additional shear walls is examined based on numerical analyses of various 3-dimensional configurations. Two ways of calibrating numerical model are proposed according to codes and experimental test data respectively, including calibration of parameters that characterise connections between CLT panels in building cores and shear walls. Results of analyses of entire buildings are presented in terms of princi...

Multi-Storey Residential Buildings in CLT-Interdisciplinary Principles of Design and Construction
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/9b/ABS507_Rin... [Tall Buildings] [Conference Paper] 2014
Andres Ringhofer, Gerhard Schickhofer
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a very efficient and powerful building material and thus recently discovered for the erection of multi-storey timber towers. In our paper, we focus on building science and services related topics regarding these constructions. Thereby, we firstly identify moisture ingress as main problem worsening their durability and thus discuss possible detail solutions for both external and internal critical building zones such as flat roof, balcony system and wet rooms. The s...

Survey of International Tall Wood Buildings
http://www.rethinkwood.com/tall-wood-survey... [Tall Buildings] [Web Page] 2019
ThinkWood
By 2050 the world’s population will see an additional 2.5 Billion people move to cities (Source: United Nations). North American cities are already booming due to urbanization, and architects, developers and planners are being tasked with accommodating the increasing demand for spaces to work, learn, live and play....

Prediction of bending stiffness and moment carrying capacity of sugi cross-laminated timber
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs1... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2014
Minoru Okabe, Motoi Yasumura, Kenji Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Fujita
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels consist of several layers of lumber stacked crosswise and glued together on their faces. Prototype sugi CLT floor panels were manufactured and bending tests were carried out under the different parameters of lumber modulus of elasticity (MOE), number of layers, thickness of lumber and thickness of CLT panels. On the basis of above tests, bending stiffness and moment carrying capacity were predicted by Monte Carlo method. MOE of lumber was measured by using gra...

Evaluation of In-Plane Shear Strength of CLT
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/f9/ABS707_Gag... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Sylvain Gagnon, Mohammad Mohammad, Williams Munoz Toro, Marjan Popovski
Several analytical and empirical methods have been developed and adopted in Europe for the determination of shear and bending properties of Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) elements loaded in- and out-of-plane. While most of the research has been focused on the out-of-plane resistance, limited information is available for designers related to in-plane shear strength of CLT elements when they are used as beams and lintels. Proposed evaluation methods for determining in- plane shear strength in CLT el...

Torque loading tests on the rolling shear strength of cross-laminated timber
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs1... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Frank Lam, Yuan Li, Minghao Li
In this study , torque loading tests on small shear blocks were performed to evaluate the rolling shear strength of cross-laminated timber (CLT). The CLT plates in the tests were manufactured with Mountain Pine Beetle-afflicted lumber boards and glued with polyurethane adhesive; two types of layups (five-layer and three-layer) with a clamping pressure 0.4 MPa were studied. The small block specimens were sampled from full-size CLT plates and the cross layers were processed to have an annular cros...

Market Potential for Cross-Laminated Timber in the U.S.
http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/v... [Markets] [Conference Paper] 2014
Maria Fernanda Laguarda-Mallo, Omar Espinoza
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a building system based on the use of massive, multi-layered solid wood panels. Although CLT as a construction system has been successful in Europe, only a handful of CLT projects have been built in the U.S. This manuscript presents the results from qualitative research, carried out with the objective of assessing the market potential and barriers to the adoption of CLT in the U.S. Insights from national and international experts were collected using semi-structur...