Adhesively bonded connections in the context of timber engineering – A Review
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2015.1071255... [Bonding/Adhesives] [Journal Article] 2017
Till Vallée, Thomas Tannert, Simon Fecht
If there is one domain of civil engineering in which adhesives are currently booming, then it is timber engineering. Natural adhesives have been used for centuries to structurally connect timber elements, a trend that culminated in the beginning of the 20th century with the introduction of glue-laminated beams. With the introduction of synthetic adhesives, and their increasing economic success after World War II, a wide range of products is now available that have the potential to free timber en...

5 Reasons to be Inspired by Hardwood Cross-Laminated Timber
http://www.woodworkingnetwork.com/knowledge-center... [Raw Materials] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2017
Woodworking Network
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is inspiring architects worldwide. Architect Magazine called hardwood cross-laminated timber one of the “Material Trends to Watch in 2017 .” If pioneering architects have anything to do with it, hardwood CLT could become the defining building material of the 21st century . ...

Analysis of cross-laminated timber by computational homogenisation and experimental validation
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2015
E.I. Saavedra Flores, I. Dayyani, R.M. Ajaj, R. Castro-Triguero, F.A. DiazDelaO, R. Das, P. González Soto
In this paper we investigate the mechanical behaviour of cross-laminated timber panels by a computational homogenisation approach. A finite element procedure is adopted within a multi-scale modelling framework to determine the constitutive response of timber. As some of the microstructural parameters of wood are either not well-known or susceptible to considerable variation, we introduce uncertainty in the definition of the material. In order to validate the present multi-scale model, we measure...

CLTengineer: The Stora Enso CLT design software
https://engineer.clt.info/Dokumentation/CLT-Engine... [Commercial/Company Information] [Brochure/Product Sheet] 2016
Stora Enso Rethink
This document gives a quick introduction to the CLTengineer, the Stora Enso CLT design software. The CLTengineer is an online software and will gradually replace the existing MS-Excel based software. ...

Timber Tower Research Project
http://www.structuremag.org/wp-content/uploads/C-S... [Tall Buildings] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2014
Benton Johnson
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Mechanical behaviour of finger joints at elevated temperatures
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs0... [null] [Journal Article] 2011
Andrea Frangi, Marco Bertocchi, Sebastian Claub, Peter Niemz
Finger joints are commonly used to produce engineered wood products like glued laminated timber beams. Although comprehensive research has been conducted on the structural behaviour of finger joints at ambient temperature, there is very little information about the structural behaviour at elevated temperature. A comprehensive research project on the fire resistance of bonded timber elements is currently ongoing at the ETH Zurich. The aim of the research project is the development of simplified d...

Development and Validation of a Resilience-based Seismic Design Methodology for Tall Wood Buildings: Phase I Test
http://nheri.ucsd.edu/projects/2017-development-va... [Seismic Performance] [Web Page]
NHERI @ UC San Diego, Shiling Pei
With global urbanization trends, the demands for tall residential and mixed-use buildings in the range of 8~20 stories are increasing. One new structural system in this height range are tall wood buildings which have been built in select locations around the world using a relatively new heavy timber structural material known as cross laminated timber (CLT). However, the majority of existing tall CLT buildings are located in non-seismic or low-seismic regions of the world. There is consensus amon...

World's tallest timber tower topped off
https://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/worl... [Tall Buildings] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2016
Lloyd Alter
It seems like only yesterday that Acton Ostrys wood tower for the University of British Columbia was a controversial rendering. Now the structure is complete, topped off, eighteen floors of glue-laminated wood columns supporting cross-laminated timber floors. The last wood panel – called a cross laminated timber floor panel — was installed on August 9 and the last glue laminated column was installed on August 12 — ahead of schedule. Most of the concerns about the building relate to fire safety; ...

Breaking Convention with Timber Offices
http://www.woodworks.org/education-event/2018-q1-t... [General Information] [Others] 2018
WoodWorks
Lunch is included in the cost. Great solutions often lie beyond convention. Consider that most offices in the U.S. could be built with a wood structure yet this option goes largely unexplored. Many designers assume they’re limited to concrete and steel for workplace environments—because that’s the common default—but, in fact, wood construction can accommodate the space and performance needs of office occupancies, while providing advantages such as speed, cost savings, and reduced environmental ...

Behavior of Interlocking Cross-Laminated Timber (ICLT) Shear Walls
http://ceen.et.byu.edu/sites/default/files/snrproj... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2011
Steven L. Sanders
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls have been utilized for a number of years in Europe. CLT panels are created by altering the grain direction of 2-7 layers of low-grade lumber, joined together using mechanical fasteners and/or adhesives. CLT has become popular because it boasts the ability for timber structures to be built taller than traditionally possible. CLT also provides an environmentally friendly building system for low-rise construction. With a move toward “green” practices, as well as t...

Bending Strength of Cross Laminated Timber Beams Loaded in Plane
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/100004326... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Marcus Flaig, Hans Joachim Blab
A computer aided numerical model for the simulation of the in-plane bending strength of CLT beams is presented. The model uses the Monte-Carlo-Method to generate mechanical characteristics of board lamellae and is suitable for the investigation of statistical effects such as homogenisation and size effects. Six different types of CLT beams, varying in size and in layup, were tested to validate the model and except for beams with only one lamella in direction of the beam height good agreement was...

Block Shear Strength and Delamination of Cross-Laminated Timber Fabricated with Japanese Larch
http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/v... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Yingchun Gong, Guofang Wu, Haiqing Ren
Process paramteres of cross-laminated timber (CLT) fabricated with Japanese larch were evaluated. The process parameters were designed by using an orthogonal test including pressure, glue consumption, and ahesive. Both delamination and block shear tests were conducted on CLT in accordance with GB/T 26899 (2011). The results showed that the optimum process parameters were A2B3C2 including Presure (1.2 MPa), glue consumption (200 g/m2), and amount of adhesive (one-component polyurethane). The weig...

Barriers to the design and use of cross-laminated timber structures in high-rise multi-family housing in the United States
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fc7c/664591c2fc75... [Tall Buildings] [Conference Paper] 2013
J. Schmidt, C.T. Griffin
Wood structures not only have a significantly lower embodied energy and associated carbon emissions than equivalent steel and concrete structural systems, wood is a carbon sink, removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in building components. The reduction of carbon dioxide is critical to addressing related energy and climate issues. Unfortunately, the structural properties and life-safety concerns have limited the use of wood to the structural systems to low-rise buildings in ...

Bending Performance of Box Based Cross-Laminated Timber Systems
http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29S... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2012
Y. Chen, F. Lam
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a growing phenomenon and a recent building solution alternative in timber construction in North America by using massive or solid wood plates as roof, floor, and wall elements. In this paper a variation of the conventional CLT is considered by studying the performance of box-based CLT systems, which refer to box beams with multiple voids. In some loading situations, such as out-of-plane bending, these systems, which can reduce structural weight without significant...

Application of a Translational Tuned Mass Damper Designed by Means of Genetic Algorithms on a Multistory Cross-Laminated Timber Building
http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29S... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Guillaume Hervé Poh’sié, Corrado Chisari, Giovanni Rinaldin, Massimo Fragiacomo, Claudio Amadio, Ario Ceccotti
This paper presents a numerical study conducted on a seven-story timber building made of cross-laminated (X-lam) panels, equipped with a linear translational tuned mass damper (TMD). The TMD is placed on the top of the building as a technique for reducing the notoriously high drifts and seismic accelerations of these types of structures. TMD parameters (mass, stiffness, and damping) were designed using a genetic algorithm (GA) technique by optimizing the structural response under seven recorded ...

Assessment and comparison of experimental and numerical model studies of cross-laminated timber mechanical connections under cyclic loading
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2015
J. Schneider, Y. Shen, S.F. Stiemer, S. Tesfamariam
Earthquake engineering is a major consideration for structures along the west coast of North America. The current building code of Canada is based on design criteria, which are defined by stresses and member forces calculated from prescribed levels of applied lateral shear force. Traditional wood-frame buildings are known to perform well in earthquakes. However, with the development of new engineered wood products, such as CLT (cross-laminated timber) and more consideration to build higher than ...

The Bending-Gradient theory for the linear buckling of thick plates: Application to Cross Laminated Timber panels
http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/scie... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
O. Perret, A. Lebee, C. Douthe, K. Sab
In this paper, the linear buckling of a heterogeneous thick plate is studied using the Bending–Gradient theory which is an extension of the Reissner–Mindlin plate theory to the case of heterogeneous plates. Reference results are taken from a 3D numerical analysis using finite-elements and applied to Cross Laminated Timber panels which are thick and highly anisotropic laminates. First, it is shown that critical buckling loads are close to the material failure load which proves the necessity of a ...

Bending Properties of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) with a 45 Degree Alternating Layer Configuration
http://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:984105/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Dietrich Buck; Xiaodong Wang; Olle Hagman; Anders Gustafsson
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Apparent sound insulation in cross-laminated timber buildings
http://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/1.4987243... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Christoph Hoeller, Jeffery Mahn
With the 2015 National Building Code now in effect in Canada, predicting the apparent sound insulation in buildings from laboratory measurements is becoming increasingly relevant for architects and designers. In North America, the apparent sound insulation is classified in terms of Apparent Sound Transmission Class (ASTC). The ASTC rating includes both the transmission through the separating assembly and the transmission via flanking paths. The National Research Council Canada has published a nu...

The Advent of Cross-Laminated Timber
https://mosesstructures.com/wp-content/uploads/201... [General Information] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2011
David Moses, Sylvain Gagnon
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