Bending properties of deconstructable cross-laminated timber-concrete composite floor elements
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Mohammad Derikvand, Gerhard Fink
In the presented research, an experimental investigation was performed to further evaluate the effectiveness of this connector in fabricating deconstructable cross-laminated timber (CLT)-concrete composite floors. For this purpose, several CLT-concrete composite beams were fabricated using 5-layer CLT and low-shrinkage concrete. Each beam contained one row of connectors to represent a strip of a full-scale floor. The vibration performance, bending properties, interface slip, failure modes, and e...

Cross-Laminated Timber Workshop: Pathways and Priorities for Cross-Laminated Timber Building Systems
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy22osti/80517.pdf... [General Information] [Conference Paper] 2022
C. Harris, H. Goetsch, S. Atnoorkar
A virtual workshop titled “BTO Cross-Laminated Timber Workshop: Pathways and Priorities for CLT Building Systems,” was held on April 19, 2021, to identify research and development pathways, including the embodied energy content, operational energy efficiency, wall moisture profiles, structural connector durability, and health monitoring systems for CLT wall systems. In the workshop, perspectives were gathered from a wide range of stakeholders across North America from academia, the mass timber i...

Tall Wood Buildings in the 2021 IBC
https://www.woodworks.org/wp-content/uploads/wood_... [Tall Buildings] [Conference Paper] 2021
Scott Breneman, Matt Timmers, Dennis Richardson
In January 2019, the International Code Council (ICC) approved a set of proposals to allow tall wood buildings as part of the 2021 International Building Code (IBC). Based on these proposals, the 2021 IBC includes three new construction types—Type IV-A, IV-B and IV-C—allowing the use of mass timber or noncombustible materials. These new types are based on the previous Heavy Timber construction type (renamed Type IV-HT) but with additional fire-resistance ratings and levels of required noncombust...

Economic evaluation of a small-scale model plant for the manufacture of pine glue laminated timber
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-0... [Economics/Costs] [Journal Article] 2022
A. Dieste, V. Baño, G. Moltini, J.L. Villanueva, E. Lafuente
A small-scale glue laminated timber (GLT) model plant, capable of producing an average of 880 linear m of lamellas per day, approximately 1500 m3/year, located in Castilla y León, Spain, was technically and economically evaluated. The production of such plant is aimed at substituting imports of GLT manufactured from spruce in Central Europe. The total investment considered for this theoretical operation was 455 k€. The raw material proposed was Pinus sylvestris classified according to UNE 56544 ...

Fire Severity Outcome Comparison of Apartment Buildings Constructed from Combustible and Non-Combustible Construction Materials
https://cjr.ufv.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Comb... [Fire Performance] [Report] 2022
Alex Zheng, Len Garis, Ian Pike
Wood is a natural, sustainable, and economical material used for construction. It is also combustible, which causes structures constructed from wood to be perceived as less safe than structures made from non-combustible materials, such as steel and concrete. However, fire safety in residential buildings is multi-layered, and advancements in wood products and treatment, such as fire-retardant treatment and use of non-combustible cladding, have made combustible materials more fire resistant. In ad...

Moment-resisting self-drilling dowel connections between steel link beams and CLT for coupled walls
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
B. Moerman, M. Li, A. Palermo, A. Liu
Coupled cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls can be created by connecting steel link beams between adjacent CLT wall panels and are an efficient alternative to conventional cantilevered CLT shear walls. Effective coupling in the coupled wall system requires the beam to wall connections to have adequate strength to ensure a ductile link beam response and adequate stiffness to yield the link beams at relatively low inter-storey drifts. This study evaluates beam to wall connections with a group of se...

Aluminum Hydroxide as Fire Retardant Coatings for Wood Products
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/12/5/673... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
M. Uddin, M. Alabbad, L. Li, O. Orell, E. Sarlin, A. Haapala
Sustainable coating solutions that function as a fire retardant for wood are still a challenging topic for the academic and industrial sectors. In this study, composite coatings of casein protein mixed with mica and aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) were tested as fire retardants for wood and plywood; coating degradation and fire retardancy performance were assessed with a cone calorimeter, and a thermogravimeter was used for the thermal stability measurement. The results indicated that casein–mica co...

Dynamics simulation integrated framework for the simulation of passive fire protection in a mid‐scale cross‐laminated timber compartmenT
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/fa... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Q. Sun, Y. Turkan, E.C. Fischer
Construction fires are a big threat to worker safety and property safety. Mass timber buildings under construction are largely unprotected as they are not yet equipped with active fire protection systems. With the addition of Types IVA, B, and C, the 2021 International Building Code adopted stricter requirements for mass timber buildings that are under construction. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is used as the primary structural element for high-rise mass timber buildings. However, to date, limit...

Effect of partition walls on the seismic response of mass-timber buildings with a post-tensioned rocking wall system
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
H. Hasani, K.L. Ryan
The structural-nonstructural interaction effects of nonstructural partition walls and post-tensioned CLT rocking walls in mass-timber buildings were evaluated in a parametric study. Representative 2D rocking wall units in 5-story and 12-story mass-timber archetype buildings were modeled in OpenSees. Moreover, concentrated spring models were developed to represent effective force-deformation for four different variations of partition wall detailing, and applied to the building models to represent...

Development of an environmental life cycle cost model for high-rise construction in Tehran
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-0... [Case Study/Projects] [Journal Article] 2022
T.J. Nasab, S.M. Monavari, S.A. Jozi, H. Majedi
This study addresses the environmental life cycle costs of high-rise construction projects in Tehran Metropolitan City during the construction phase. This study assessed all the costs of the construction site and the environmental impacts of the construction activities. According to the results, construction consumables, labor, and environmental impacts accounted for 54%, 27%, and 13% of the total costs, respectively....

Bending stiffness prediction to mass timber panel-concrete composite floors with notched connections
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
L. Zhang, J. Zhou, S. Zhang, Y.H. Chui
Mass timber panel-concrete composite floors consist of bottom timber panels, a top concrete layer, and a connection system in between. Notched connections made by filling concrete into the grooves cut on timber are one of the most structurally effective and cost-saving solutions to connect concrete topping to mass timber panels. However, the notched connections are not standardized due to various shapes of grooves and reinforcing techniques, and design guidelines are inadequate in terms of effec...

Behavior of CLT panels during and after an ISO-fire
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
M. Vairo, V.P. Silva, F.H. Icimoto
Cross-laminated timber has been used in buildings since the 1990s. In the last years, there has been a growing interest in the use of this technology, especially with the adoption of the product in increasingly taller buildings. Considering that the product is manufactured from a combustible material, wood, authorities that regulate the fire safety in buildings and the scientific community have carried out numerous research and fire tests, aiming to elaborate codes which contemplate the use of c...

Comparative CO2 Emissions of Concrete and Timber Slabs with Equivalent Structural Performance
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
J.W. Oh, K.S. Park, H.S. Kim, I. Kim, S.J. Pang, K.S. Ahn
Comparing the environmental impacts of building materials at the building level can be biased because a building design is optimized for a primary structural material. To achieve objective comparisons, this study compares the environmental impact of reinforced concrete (RC), cross-laminated timber (CLT), and timber-concrete composite (TCC) at the component level with equivalent structural performance. A slab was selected as the target structure member because its design does not consider lateral...

In Practice: Operationalizing Life Cycle Assessment for Design Teams
https://www.acsa-arch.org/proceedings/Fall%20Confe... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2019
A. Ianchenko, B. Jones
This paper presents a meta-analysis of forty-nine recent LCA studies completed by the Miller Hull Partnership in pursuit of carbon-sequestering design, and describes lessons learned in traversing the knowledge, communication, and method gaps in order to embed LCA in the design process....

Verification of the behaviour factors proposed in the second generation of Eurocode 8 for CLT buildings
https://login.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Standards/Building code] [Journal Article] 2022
V. Rinaldi, D. Casagrande, M. Fragiacomo
This paper presents a study aimed to verify whether the proposed values of the behaviour factors q are consistent with the attained seismic performances of CLT buildings designed in accordance with the new “timber chapter” of EC8. Parametric non-linear static (pushover) analyses and a risk-consistent approach, based on the use of Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA) and fragility curves were conducted to evaluate the performance of a few selected archetypes....

Push-out performance of inclined screw shear connectors used in nail-laminated timber-concrete composite
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2023
Z. Gan, Y. Sun, X. Sun, L. Zhou, M. He
This paper presents the experimental investigation and numerical parametric analysis on the push-out performance of inclined screw shear connectors used in NLTCC. There were 30 specimens with the same configuration tested in this project. The preliminary experimental investigation indicates that the STS shear connectors, with a nominal diameter of 11 mm and a penetration length of 260 mm, can achieve a shear capacity and slip modulus of 32.5 kN and 6.92 kN/mm, respectively....

Simulation of Real-Time Operational Level Emissions from Nonroad Equipment: Case Study of a Construction Site
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/PPSCFX.SC... [Case Study/Projects] [Journal Article] 2023
S.A. Boddi Reddy, S. Ahmed, I. Arocho
This study aimed to assess the severity of air pollution caused by construction equipment by implementing a real-time simulation model. The study further analyzed the level of emissions compared to their allowable limits and statistical correlation among the pollutants. ...

Investigation on the mechanical behavior of glulam spliced joints connected with self-tapping screws and prestressed steel strips
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
H. Liu, C. Qiu, J. Zhao, W. Li, J. Shi, H. Liu, Z. Chen
A glulam spliced joint connected with self-tapping screws and prestressed steel strips was proposed and investigated. An experimental study was conducted considering the variation in the arrangement of the self-tapping screws and steel strips. The specimen with an inclination of 60° screws exhibited the highest ultimate load, whereas the specimen with screws in the X-position with the inclination of 60° had the highest ductility. ...

Design of taller timber buildings subjected to accidental loads: a state-of-the-art review
https://cahelen.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/CA20... [null] [other]
Daniele Casagrande, Daniel Brandon, Giuseppe D ' Arenzo, Christian Viau, David Barber
...

Thermo-mechanical behavior of CLT beam-to-girder assemblies connected with T-shaped dowelled connections before, during and after fire exposure
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.110... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
M. Shabanian, N.L. Braxtan
3-ply cross-laminated timber (CLT) is used to investigate the thermo-mechanical performance of intermediate-size assemblies comprised of T-shaped welded slotted-in steel doweled connections and CLT beams at ambient temperature (AT), after and during non-standard fire exposure....