Economic and technical analysis of CLT production facilities: an application to small and emerging markets
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-0... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022
F. Benedetti, V. Rosales, A. Jélvez, M. Núñez
The CLT market is quickly growing and developing in different regions of the world. However, the production and consumption are highly concentrated in Central Europe (Austria, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland). Due to the elevated levels of personalization required for the construction projects, the CLT manufacturing process involves costly and specialized equipment that represents an entry barrier for domestic producers in markets where the demand is small and incipient. This work discusses a pr...

Disproportionate collapse prevention analysis for post and beam mass timber building
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
H.M. Bita, T. Tannert
Disproportionate collapse prevention of mass timber buildings is becoming a relevant design consideration due to the increasing height of these buildings. Linear static alternative load path analysis (ALPA) is well-established with extensive details and worked examples for concrete, steel, and light-frame wood buildings. The research presented herein illustrates its application to a mass timber building with floors supported by beams and columns, referred to as ‘post and beam’ system. The perfor...

Determination of seismic performance factors for CLT shear walls based on FEMA P695 methodology
https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/64383... [Seismic Performance] [Report] 2022
J. van de Lindt, M.O. Amini, D. Rammer, P. Line, S. Pei
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) construction has been gaining popularity in North America. However, CLT-based seismic force resisting systems are not recognized in current U.S. design codes, which is among the many challenges preventing widespread adoption of CLT in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seismic behavior of CLT-based shear wall systems and to determine seismic performance factors, namely, the response modification factor (R factor), the system overstren...

An Investigation into the Numerical Modelling of Timber at Elevated Temperatures
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2022
E. Philion, J. Gales
Wood is a renewable and sustainable building material, which Canada has readily available in most provinces. Although timber can be a sustainable construction material when compared to other common structural materials [20], it is combustible. For this reason, extra consideration must be made in terms of the fire safety of a mass timber structure. In addition to the combustible nature of timber, there is a desire to leave the material exposed due to its perceived health benefits [13]. This in tu...

Reimagining low-carbon futures: architectural and ecological tradeoffs of mass timber for durable buildings
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44150-0... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Michelle M. Laboy
The urgency to rapidly reduce carbon emissions of the built environment make embodied carbon (EC), and thus material decisions, central to architecture’s most ambitious ecological goal. Structural systems are often the most durable and consequential to upfront EC in new construction. Although durability is critical to reducing EC in buildings in the long term, it may be at odds with the short-term goal to reduce resource consumption. This research closely and systematically examines the trade-of...

Evaluation of dry mass timber assemblies and comparison to cementitious toppings
https://asa.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1121/10.00155... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
A. Callaghan, M. Golden
Mass timber construction is an increasingly common way of building taller and larger wood buildings utilizing renewable building materials with lower embodied carbon. Given the desire for the aesthetic design of exposed mass timber ceilings, it is common for these mass timber panels to require an additional subfloor decoupled by an acoustic interlayer to achieve IBC 1207 requirements. In the efforts to minimize added structural weight and overall embodied carbon, various dry linings were tested ...

Whole life embodied emissions and net-zero emissions potential for a mid-rise office building constructed with mass timber
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
J.M. Greene, H.R. Hosanna, B. Willson, J.C. Quinn
Increasing global interest in sustainable buildings has generated significant investment in the mass timber industry in recent years. Timber products including Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) and glue-laminated timber beams (glulam) are a structurally sound, aesthetically pleasing, and potentially carbon reducing alternative to traditional steel or concrete framing. This study uses Life Cycle Analysis methodology to determine the total embodied carbon emissions for a four-story (10033 m2) office bu...

Fire performance and regulatory considerations with modern methods of construction
https://journal-buildingscities.org/articles/10.53... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
B.J. Meacham
Performance concerns arise for meeting the fire safety objectives of the final building. One particular fire challenge is the presence of void spaces, often needed to facilitate the connection of modules, which can potentially serve as avenues for the spread of fire, smoke, and hot gases. These fabrication issues, performance concerns, and regulatory challenges are explained. Fire performance issues are then explored for different regulatory typologies (prescriptive, performance based, market ba...

Recommending a new building structure to alleviate environmental impact in tropical climates
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-0... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2022
A.T. Balasbaneh, W. Sher, D. Yeoh
The construction sector is interested in considering environmental implications as necessary criteria for sustainability. In this regard, wood materials, especially engineering wood, are a promising choice for sustainable buildings. In some countries such as Malaysia, timber is rarely considered in the construction sector despite there being abundant access to wood. This is because of the scarcity of timber structures and the dominance of alternative materials such as steel and concrete. The cro...

Wood Preservation Practices and Future Outlook: Perspectives of Experts from Finland
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/7/1044... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022
J. Järvinen, H.E. Ilgın, M. Karjalainen
This paper examined wood preservation practices and outlook considering climate change from the perspective of Finnish experts through interviews. Key findings highlighted that: (1) pressure impregnated wood will continually evolve and secure its market, and it seems worthy of developing modified wood products, especially with the increasing attention to recyclability and lifecycle concepts; (2) demand for highly processed surface treatment products is high; (3) opportunities for more sustainabl...

A new method for probabilistic circular economy assessment of buildings
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
H. Lei, W. Yang, W. Wang, C.Q. Li
Circular economy (CE) is increasingly applied to support circular and sustainable development of buildings and infrastructures. To effectively monitor the implementation of CE, a unified assessment procedure is in urgent need. This paper aims to develop an overall CE index for probabilistic CE assessment of building materials. Models for material circularity and sustainability are established. The proposed overall CE index is demonstrated in a case study of two buildings made of cross laminated ...

Bayesian updating of tall timber building model using modal data
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2022
B. Kurent, N. Friedman, W.K. Ao, B. Brank
A framework for the probabilistic finite element model updating based on measured modal data is presented. The described framework is applied to a seven-storey building made of cross-laminated timber panels. The experimental estimates based on the forced vibration test are used in the process of model updating. First, a generalized Polynomial Chaos surrogate model is derived representing the map from the model parameters to the eigenfrequencies and the eigenvectors....

Analysis of early-design timber models for sound insulation
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
C. Châteauvieux-Hellwig, J. Abualdenien, A. Borrmann
Timber construction is associated with a low carbon footprint and offers a high degree of sustainability. However, it poses challenges considering sound insulation. Acoustic analyses, which could require major expensive and time consuming changes in the building design, are typically performed once the design is already in the detailed stage. By using building information modelling (BIM), it is possible to shift the planning of the building physics, including acoustic analysis, to earlier phases...

Embedment Behavior of Steel Dowel in Timber: Influence of Moisture Content, Assembly History, and Artificial Cracks
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:167896... [Moisture/Durability] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
Zijad Shehadeh
A timber-steel-timber connection was modeled to study the influence of the side timber member thickness on the overall strength. The results of the experiments showed that the moisture content and the assembly history can potentially affect the embedment strength and the elastic, and the plastic embedment stiffness. The series that studied the influence of artificial cracks showed that mostly the embedment strength and elastic embedment stiffness are affected by artificial cracks. The numerical ...

Investigation of the Effects of Different Types of Traditional Timber Load-Bearing Systems Used in Turkey on Building Behaviour
https://iconarp.ktun.edu.tr/index.php/iconarp/arti... [General Information] [Journal Article] 2022
M. Saatci, Ş. Gürsoy, Y. Turcan
Recently historic timber structures in Turkey are unfortunately not given the value they deserve. Although timber structures are unique symbols of our cultural heritage, they are forgotten for natural and human reasons. On the other hand, when traditional timber structures standing today to repairs and / or reinforcements and restorations are examined, it is seen that timber elements according to the knowledge and skill of construction foreman are constructed with different types of structural s...

Emerging technologies for the development of wood products towards extended carbon storage and CO2 capture
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
T. Singh, A. Arapanaei, D. Elustondo, Y. Wang
Forests have an important role in mitigating greenhouse gasses and global climate warming by storing carbon. Carbon is locked in trees through photosynthesis, which contributes around 50% of the dry mass of wood. Therefore, wood is critical for maximizing the carbon capture and storage of nature. In this mini-review, emerging technologies for the development of wood products toward extended carbon storage and capture are overviewed. Novel functional wood-based materials for capturing CO2 are dis...

Experimental investigation of timber samples under triaxial compression conditions
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
J. Thamboo, S. Navaratnam, K. Poologanathan
Timber is increasingly used in composite elements made along with steel and concrete. In the composite elements, timber is subjected to a triaxial confined stress state. However, the characteristics of timber under triaxial stress state are not well understood. An experimental campaign was carried out to characterise the triaxial confined behaviour of timber samples. Two types of timbers (soft and hardwood) were used in the experimental campaign. The selected timber samples were subjected to con...

Brittle failure of laterally loaded self-tapping screw connections for cross-laminated timber structures
https://login.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
Boris Azinović, José Manuel Cabrero, Henrik Danielsson, Tomaž Pazlar
The performance of structural timber connections is of utmost importance since they control the global response of the building. A ductile failure mechanism on the global scale is desirable, especially in the design of structures in seismic areas, where dissipative components in which ductile failure modes need to be ensured are considered. Therefore, the knowledge of possible brittle failure modes of connections is crucial. The paper investigates the brittle failures of laterally loaded dowel-t...

Analytical Procedure for TimberConcrete Composite (TCC) System with Mechanical Connectors
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/7/885... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
M.A.H. Mirdad, R. Khan, Y.H. Chui
In the construction of modern multi-storey mass timber structures, a composite floor system commonly specified by structural engineers is the timber–concrete composite (TCC) system, where a mass timber beam or mass timber panel (MTP) is connected to a concrete slab with mechanical connectors. In this paper, an analytical approach for designing a TCC floor system is proposed that incorporates connection models to predict connection properties from basic connection component properties such as emb...

A Comprehensive Study On The Pre-Fabricated Modular House
http://eprints.utar.edu.my/4423/1/1704084_FYP_Repo... [Case Study/Projects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
Yee Farrah Wee
This research is conducted to study modular construction, especially the advancement in other countries and analyse them, which will help with the future development of modular construction in Malaysia. The problems contributing to the implementation of modular construction in Malaysia which have been analysed will also assist Malaysia in realising the issues and therefore make improvements on these concerns. Other than that, the design of a modular house will be studied thoroughly, and this wil...