Experimental and numerical modal analysis of a cross laminated timber floor system in different construction states
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
M. Kawrza, T. Furtmüller, C. Adam
This paper addresses the vibration characteristics of a cross laminated timber (CLT) floor in a residential building during three construction states. Experimental modal analyses are carried out on the blank CLT slab, on the slab with added drywall ceiling, and on the slab with drywall ceiling and added floating screed. A reliable numerical model of the system is created with the means of a finite element model updating procedure. This model shows that some experimentally determined modes can be...

Investigation of the Potential of Using Shape Memory Alloy Dowels in Traditional Timber Connections
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
M. Cléroux, E. Kim, D. Lacroix
This study evaluates the potential of using shape memory alloy (SMA) dowels to develop self-centering wood-steel-wood connections in braced timber frames. First, the behaviour of SMA dowels in bending is established experimentally by performing three-point bending tests on SMA bars under monotonic and one-way cyclic loading. The ability of the superelastic SMA bars to regain their shape after undergoing large bending deformations is evaluated to help determine the feasibility of using SMAs as do...

Tree-Years Dynamic Monitoring of the Santa Maria di Collemaggio Basilica: Progressive Decrement of the First Natural Frequencies
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
A. Aloisio, R. Cirella, E. Antonacci, R. Alaggio
Reinforced concrete (RC) and the embedded steel should not present decaying phenomena in the first years after built. Likewise, the steel plates which connect the Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels should not manifest a significant progression of corrosion in an indoor environment. Conversely, timber’s physical and mechanical properties, such as swelling and shrinkage, density, modulus of elasticity, strength have a time-dependent response, even in the long-term. Likely, the decaying of the nat...

Design of Timber Buildings for Deconstruction and Reuse
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:167257... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Report] 2022
Y. Sandin, E. Shotton, M. Cramer, K. Sandberg, S.J. Walsh
This study aims at increasing and spreading knowledge on DfDR/A for timber buildings. It has four goals: 1) To suggest methods to apply DfDR/A. 2) To suggest new design solutions. 3) To collect experiences on connections in relation to DfDR. 4) To suggest how guidelines for deconstruction and reuse can be formulated....

Performance and failure modes of mass timber buckling-restrained braces under cyclic loading
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Toru Takeuchi, Yuki Terazawa, Shogo Komuro, Takashi Kurata, Ben Sitler
Buckling-restrained braces with mass timber restrainers (MT-BRBs) have recently been investigated by several researchers. However, timber restrainers exhibit brittle failure modes and have lower stiffness and strength than their composite and steel counterparts. Previous experiments have demonstrated that timber restrainers are particularly susceptible to local bulging and that this is a brittle failure resulting in a near total loss of strength. Nevertheless, local bulging and global stability ...

Experimental Investigations of Full-Scale Cross-Laminated Timber Concrete Composite Floors
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2022
Md Shahnewaz, Robert Jackson, Thomas Tannert
Experimental investigations on full-scale Timber Concrete Composite (TCC) floor systems with various composite connectors are presented in this paper. The stiffness, strength, and failure modes of were evaluated. The 9.2 m long and 2.4 m wide TCC floor segments were comprised of 245 mm thick, 7-ply Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) panels with 150 mm concrete topping connected with three types of shear connectors: (i) self-tapping screws, (ii) steel kerf plates, and (iii) glued-in Holz-Beton-Verbund ...

Study on in-plane shear failure mode of CLT panel
https://login.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Yuhao Zhou, Zhaoyu Shen, Haitao Li, Yao Lu, Zheng Wang
To explore in-plane shear failure mode of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel, this paper carried out relevant research work from the perspective of stress analysis and combined with the crack morphology of the specimen after planar shear. In this study, the load–displacement curve of the hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière] CLT specimen was obtained by a three-point bending test or an improved planar shear test, the crack morphology of the CLT vertical layer and the azimuth angle of the crac...

Life cycle assessment of mass timber construction: A review
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Zhuocheng Duan, Qiong Huang, Qi Zhang
This article presents a systematic review of MTC from a life cycle assessment perspective. The goal and scope definition, life cycle inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation are examined and analyzed in 62 peer-reviewed articles. The results show the variety in scope, lifespan, system boundary, data sources and indicators. Studies on MTC have been conducted at the building material, component, structure, and entire building levels, as well as at the urban level. The majority of s...

Design and Experimental Analysis of Connections for a Panelized Wood Frame Roof System
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/6/847... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
M.S. Islam, Y.H. Chui, M.S. Altaf
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the short-term mechanical performance of timber screw connections comprising two types of fasteners suitable for a novel panelized roof design process. Thirty-seven specimens of five different connection configurations were tested under quasi-static monotonic loading. The main objective of this study is to provide a preliminary assessment of connection capacity that is key to the successful implementation of a proposed panelized roof de...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-0... [Fire Performance] [other]

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Cost optimization of cross-laminated timber panels in one-way bending
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-0... [Economics/Costs] [Journal Article] 2022
A. Landmann, M. Mahamid, O. Amir
For the purposes of structural design, cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels are typically chosen from tables detailing standardized layups. While this is a quick method, it can lead to inefficient use of the material. In this paper, an economic design optimization is performed for CLT floor panels used in one-way bending systems. Individual lamination sizes and grades are allowed to vary independently therein. A generic cost function is constructed, and genetic algorithms are used to find optimal...

Quantifying robustness in tall timber buildings: A case study
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Case Study/Projects] [Journal Article] 2022
Konstantinos Voulpiotis, Styfen Schär, Andrea Frangi
Robustness research has become popular, however very little is known on its explicit quantification. This paper summarises a quantification method previously published by the main author and proceeds in demonstrating its step-by-step application with a case study tall timber building. A hypothetical 15-storey post-and-beam timber building with a central core is designed for normal loads, and four improved options are designed to account for abnormal loads in order to increase the building’s robu...

Lateral stiffening systems for tall timber buildings – tube-in-tube systems
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/174802... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2022
Charles Binck, Alex Sixie Cao, Andrea Frangi
In this paper, an adaptable and architecturally flexible lateral stiffening system for tall timber buildings between 50 and 147 m is developed and investigated. The system is based on a tube-intube concept. The internal tube consists of a braced timber core, and the external tube consists of a frame structure with semi-rigid beam-column joints in the façade. Based on a finite element framework, more than 500 000 simulations with different configurations are carried out to assess the performance ...

Assessing the Carbon Balance for Mass Timbers Beyond the First Life
https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/b... [Environmental Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
Christina Bjarvin
Mass timbers, specifically cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glulam, are engineered wood products of growing interest regarding their carbon storage benefits, due to their long lifespan. However, given that CLT is a relatively new product, there is a limited understanding of how CLT can be treated at the end-of-life (EOL) phase to maximize its carbon storage potential. This research focuses on (a) determining the proportions of mass timber in a building to be allocated to four EOL scenarios (reus...

Mass Timber Buckling Restrained Braces
https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/rn3016... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
T. Guda
This project includes the preliminary design and finite element modeling of a new mass timber buckling restrained brace (MT-BRB). The components of the MT-BRB consists of a steel core of a grade S235JR, a steel liner, laminated veneer lumber as the casing, and Holz-Stahl-Komposit (HSK) as the restraining element. An analytical model was used for the preliminary design. Typical failure modes attributed to previous mass timber buckling restrained braces were addressed. A finite element model is cr...

Structural Analysis and Design of Sustainable CLT Foundation Walls
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/7/979... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2022
H. Daneshvar, M. Fakhrzarei, F. Imamura, Y. Chen
There is widespread enthusiasm toward utilizing mass timber panels (MTP), mainly cross-laminated timber (CLT), in construction, including for the basements of low-rise buildings. CLT is deemed a sustainable alternative to the widely used concrete foundation walls due to significant advantages such as less vulnerability to cracking due to uneven load distribution and presence of concentrated loads, higher thermal resistance, less construction time due to whole-wall prefabrication and installation...

Influence of the earthquake and progressive collapse strain rate on the structural response of timber dowel type connections through finite element modelling
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
X. Cheng, B.P. Gilbert, H. Guan, D. Dias-da-Costa
This paper aims at understanding the influence of the strain rate, as those experienced under earthquake and progressive collapse events (referred to as “medium” strain rates), on the structural response of metal dowel type timber connections through the development of a finite element model. Past studies on timber connections have been mainly performed under quasi-static loadings. However, as metal and timber show different degrees of sensitivity to increased strain rate, such connections may e...

Mechanical Properties of Adhesive-Free CLT
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29ST.1... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Bo-Han Xu, Sheng-Du Zhang, Yan-Hua Zhao, Abdelhamid Bouchaïr, Binsheng Zhang
In order to reduce the use of adhesives, the development of adhesive-free engineered wood products is one of the research focuses in timber structures. This paper studies the mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber beams connected by densified wood (DW) dowels. Four-point bending tests were performed to study the influence of the arrangement and number of DW dowels on the bending strength and effective bending stiffness of the dowelled cross-laminated timber (DCLT) beams with three layer...

Morphological and bending properties of cross-laminated timber prototype manufactured with densified Paraserianthes falcataria
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-13... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2022
Y. F. Tan, K. C. Liew
Densification is a modification process commonly used to modify the density and hence, properties improvement of low-density wood. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) manufactured from plantation tree has gained more interest recently but the potentiality of using densified fast-grown plantation wood, Batai (Paraserianthes falcataria) in the layering of CLT has yet to be discovered. This study aims to investigate the relationship between morphology of densified wood and bending performance of lab-scale...

Experimental Investigation of CLT Elements with Holes or Notches at In-Plane Beam Loading Conditions
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/7/967... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
M. Jeleč, D. Damjanović, D. Varevac, V. Rajčić
Environmental and urbanization challenges have encouraged steady growth of mass timber structures where cross laminated timber (CLT) stands out in applications as full-size wall, floor, or beam elements. Beam elements are used mainly in situations where cross layers have a reinforcing effect on the tensile stress perpendicular to the beam axis, such as when introducing holes or notches, which is common practice in beams, due to engineering, installation, or architectural requirements. This pape...