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Fire Dynamics in Timber Structures-Extending the current design limits for future timber buildings
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/... [Fire Performance] [Report] 2022 Schmid J., Brandon, D. Just. A., Werther, N. This document was created from all participants of all working groups dealing with the Work Packages (WPs) and can be considered as summary document of the state of the art and state of practice. The information presented in this part of the report was carefully selected by experts from various sources. Sources were among others, engineering knowledge, fire safety science knowledge, standards, recently published research results and building practice. The participants of the working groups, the ... |
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Shear strength testing of adhesive bonds in laminated elements made from palm trees
http://journalmtc.com/index.php/mtcj/article/view/... [Bonding/Adhesives] [Journal Article] 2022 Gharbi, A., Sikora, K. With the constant increase in world population, the need for further infrastructure development has become more important than ever. To accommodate such growth, vast structures are built which utilize concrete and steel, thus leading to the increase of green-house gasses emission. The world therefore, has attempted to find an alternative construction material. One possible alternative is timber which has already demonstrated its capacity in the various structures built around the world. However,... |
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Collapse Fragility of Balloon-Framed CLT School Building
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/136324... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022 Yuxin Pan, Md Shahnewaz, Thomas Tannert Most previous research on seismic performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) structures focused on platform-type construction. This paper investigates the seismic performance and collapse risk of a balloon-framed CLT school building, designed for Vancouver, Canada. Incremental dynamic analysis was performed using a three-dimensional numerical model. Experimental data from connection- and wall-level tests were used to calibrate and validate the model. Twenty-one ground motions (crustal, subducti... |
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Experimental investigation of structural failure during the cooling phase of a fire: Timber columns
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/f... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2022 Thomas Gernay, Jochen Zehfuß, Sven Brunkhorst, Fabienne Robert, Patrick Bamonte, Robert McNamee, Siyimane Mohaine, Jean-Marc Franssen This paper describes fire tests on loaded glued laminated timber columns in which the structural response was measured during the heating and cooling phases. Identical columns with 280 × 280 mm2 cross-section and 3.7 m length were tested under various heating durations in a standard furnace to investigate integrity to full burnout. Two of the columns were subjected to ISO 834 heating until failure and their measured fire resistance was 55 and 58 min, respectively. Two columns were subjected to 1... |
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Economic and environmental life cycle assessment of alternative mass timber walls to evaluate circular economy in building: MCDM method
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-0... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022 Ali Tighnavard Balasbaneh, Willy Sher The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of energy and materials, which leads to it being one of the highest sources of environmental emissions. Quantifying the impact of building materials is critical if strategies for mitigating environmental deterioration are to be developed. The lifecycle assessment (LCA) consequential methodology has been applied to evaluate different methods of constructing residential double-story buildings. The ReCiPe methodology has been used for life c... |
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Study of Friction Connection for seismic retrofit with Cross-Laminated Timber panels
https://login.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022 Francesco Boggian, Angelo Aloisio, Roberto Tomasi Within the European project e-SAFE (Energy and Seismic AFfordable rEnovation solutions), this paper presents the experimental tests and modeling attempts for a class of Asymmetric Friction Connections (AFCs) tested in the laboratories of the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. The AFCs are part of the seismic retrofitting solution, called e-CLT, based on installing Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels in reinforced concrete structures using friction connections. The authors carried out experim... |
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Properties and Mechanism of Bonding Line in Three-Layer Hybrid Cross-Laminated Timber
https://login.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Bonding/Adhesives] [Journal Article] 2022 Mingyue Li, Haiqing Ren, Yurong Wang The physical and chemical properties of three kinds of laminations relative to the bonding properties of three-layer hybrid cross-laminated timber (CLT) were studied. Block shear bond strength (BBS), wood failure percentage (WFP), and delamination rate (DR) of the hybrid CLT specimens were also determined. The results showed that the three kinds of hybrid CLT prepared with polyurethane (PUR) adhesive had good bonding properties under 1.2 MPa of bonding pressure. Regarding the relationship betwee... |
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Comparative LCA of a reinforced concrete residential building with equivalent cross laminated timber alternatives in China
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022 Zhuocheng Duan, Qiong Huang, Qiming Sun, Qi Zhang With the development of mass timber, cross laminated timber (CLT) has gradually become a sustainable alternative to conventional building materials to alleviate the increasing energy consumption and carbon emissions by the building sector. This study aims to explore the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions (LCGHGE) and life cycle primary energy (LCPE) of three high-rise residential buildings in the cold region of China through a life cycle assessment approach. The three buildings are conventional... |
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SMART BAMBOO SYSTEMS: COMBINING MATERIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH MODERN MANUFACTURING
https://biodesign.caus.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/H... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2022 Jonas Hauptman, Daniel Hindman, Keith Hack, Greg Marggraf Rising demand for housing in the global south must be met while focusing on lowering carbon emissions to mitigate the growing influence of climate change. Current bamboo structures typically consist of (1) lattice-based structures using full culm bamboo, which do not create modern building enclosures, or (2) bamboo composites which require disaggregation and reconstitution of the bamboo, increasing the carbon footprint. This paper explains our concept, Smart Bamboo (SB), a lightly modified bambo... |
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Dimensional stability and moisture-induced strains in spruce CLT under sorption/desorption isotherms
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2022 A.A. Chiniforush, A. Ataei, H.R. Valipour, T.D. Ngo, S. Malek The paper presents a comprehensive experimental–numerical study on dimensional stability of spruce CLT panels and provides new insights into understanding the effect of mechanical properties of wood layers on moisture-induced strains. Deformations in Norway spruce CLT as well as their wood layers were studied in two orthogonal planes under sorption and desorption cycles. Coefficients of Moisture Expansion (CME), Coefficient of Moisture Contraction (CMC), as well as Coefficient of Thermal Expansi... |
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Designers’ expectations of buildings physics performances related to green timber buildings
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022 Marco Caniato, Arianna Marzi, Federica Bettarello, Andrea Gasparella In recent years, the presence of green timber buildings has increased significantly in the construction market. People are increasingly requesting them, but designers still hold certain personal beliefs and seem to lack confidence. This is a research problem since this could also be caused by a lack of education. Thus, the main aim of this work is to investigate designers’ expectations of conventional and green timber buildings, their knowledge gaps and personal beliefs. The positive role of ded... |
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Sustainable Wooden Skyscrapers for the Future Cities
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/82500... [Case Study/Projects] [Book/Book Section] 2022 Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad At the time of writing, energy-saving and eco-friendly building materials have gained acceptance, recognition, and a strong foothold in the construction sector. There is an appreciable degree of congruence in the development of green buildings and bio-based building materials, making it imperative to promote and sustain the application of such materials. Wood is endowed with a host of favorable properties sought after in a building material—its organic warmth, softness, ability to control indoor... |
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Pressure prediction model in cross laminated timber manufacturing for low-quality lumber
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00219... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022 Dalisson Peterson Silva do Carmo, Karl Englund, Hui Li Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) has been considered a feasible and sustainable option as a building material for many building applications. However, lowering costs and the ability to use a wide spectrum of lower quality lamstock can be critical for this product growth. Off-spec timber often has a significant number of out-plane defects that prevent the lamstock from lying flat and creating an intimate bond between the corresponding CLT layers. This paper aims to introduce a mechanical model to est... |
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Cross-Laminated Timber: A Survey on Design Methods and Concepts in Practice
https://mdpi-res.com/civileng/civileng-03-00036/ar... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2022 Martin Schenk, Clara Hübner, José Manuel Cabrero Cross laminated timber (CLT) is becoming increasingly popular in timber construction due to its versatility. However, its structural anistropy requires the application of particular concepts and design methods. The article on hand presents the results of a worldwide survey conducted among engineers working with this product. Thus, it presents the current state of knowledge and practice on CLT construction: an overview of the experience of engineers working with CLT design, the commonly used veri... |
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Axial Compression Behavior of FRP Confined Laminated Timber Columns under Cyclic Loadings
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/11/1841/htm... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022 Feng Shi, Libin Wang, Hao Du, Min Zhao, Hao Li, Feiqiu Wang, Shuangjun Wang A total of 60 column specimens of two dimensions in height using different FRP types, FRP thickness, and laminate types were tested under cyclic axial compression loads. This study focuses on the compressive capacity and ductility of the new FRP composited timber structure. ... |
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Probabilistic friction model for aluminium–steel Asymmetric Friction Connections (AFC)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022 Angelo Aloisio, Alessandro Contento, Francesco Boggian, Roberto Tomasi Multiple physical variables potentially affect the friction coefficient of Asymmetric Friction Connections (AFC). This paper discusses the cyclic response of a class of AFC subjected to repeated load protocols. Two phenomena are observed. First, the friction coefficient, initially higher due to wear phenomena and moment-axial force-shear force interaction, stabilizes after multiple cycles. Second, the test repetitions on the same specimen show that the friction coefficient at the beginning of th... |
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Low-Tech Passive Solar Design Concepts for reducing Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Buildings - Life Cycle Assessment of Regenerative Design Strategies (2/2)
https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2199079... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2022 Lise Mouton, Damien Trigaux, Karen Allacker, Martin Röck In order to achieve the necessary reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and decarbonization of building construction and operation, both high-and low-tech building design strategies are promoted. Amongst particularly promising strategies are the deployment of energy eciency measures, for reducing operational energy use and related impacts, as well as the application of low-carbon, bio-based construction materials, for reducing embodied impacts. In part two of our study on the life cycle as... |
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Emerging Engineered Wood for Building Applications
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.chemrev.... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022 Yu Ding, Zhenqian Pang, Kai Lan, Yuan Yao, Guido Panzarasa, Lin Xu, Marco Lo Ricco, Douglas R. Rammer, J. Y. Zhu, Ming Hu, Xuejun Pan, Teng Li, Ingo Burgert, Liangbing Hu The building sector, including building operations and materials, was responsible for the emission of ∼11.9 gigatons of global energy-related CO2 in 2020, accounting for 37% of the total CO2 emissions, the largest share among different sectors. Lowering the carbon footprint of buildings requires the development of carbon-storage materials as well as novel designs that could enable multifunctional components to achieve widespread applications. Wood is one of the most abundant biomaterials on Eart... |
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