Timber and Multi-Storey Buildings: Industry Perceptions of Adoption in Australia
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/11/12/653... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2021
Marfella, G.; Winson-Geideman, K.
The use of Engineered Wood Systems (EWS) as structural alternatives or complements of traditional materials, such as steel and concrete, is of growing interest and acceptance in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries. Gathering evidence from the Australian context, this paper proposes a roadmap for the adoption of EWS as the primary structural materials of medium-rise buildings, with the scope of increasing levels of public awareness about the potential and current shortcomin...

Field durability test of CLT wall envelope using physical barriers against termites and structural performance of nailed hold-down brackets connected to fungus-exposed CLT walls
https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/5346/... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Kamal Neupane
The effectiveness of using commercial polyethylene flashing and stainless-steel mesh in CLT wall systems as the termite barriers were evaluated in a short-term field test. American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) E21's visual ratings ranged from 10 to 9 in the specimens showing little damage when no physical barriers were used. Termites were able to crawl beyond the physical barriers in few specimens showing the necessity of further research on height and installation method of physical barri...

Wood moisture monitoring and classification in kiln-dried timber
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/s... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2021
Sohrab Rahimi, Vahid Nasir, Stavros Avramidis, Farrokh Sassani
Different mass timber structures require a specific range of wood moisture. Thus, moisture monitoring is a crucial quality control task during timber drying that impacts the properties and quality of the subsequent timber structures. Variations in the average and distribution of the final moisture can result in significant variations in the timber properties and thus negatively affect performance in service. This necessitates rigorous moisture monitoring and timber grading during and after kiln ...

Study on Cost Modeling and Economical Design of Superstructure
https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=c... [Economics/Costs] [Journal Article] 2021
Peerzada Danish, Kamil Ashraf Bhat, S. Ganesh, J. Anita Jessie
Due to the escalation of the prize of construction materials, Engineers are forced to reduce the construction cost in buildings by adopting various techniques. In this project, an attempt is made to reduce the cost of the buildings in the super structures, since 70% of the cost of the building has been spent on it. A comparison of detailed estimate for steel as well as concrete has been made. To make the building economical and structurally efficient, the traditional method of load-bearing walls...

A multiphase approach for pyrolysis modelling of polymeric materials
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42757-0... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Timothy Bo Yuan Chen, Luzhe Liu, Anthony Chun Yin Yuen, Qian Chen & Guan Heng Yeoh
In this study, a multiphase pyrolysis model has been proposed under the large eddy simulation (LES) framework incorporating moving boundary surface tracking, char formation, and detailed chemical kinetics combustion modelling. The proposed numerical model was applied to simulate the cone calorimeter test of two kinds of materials: (i) pinewood (charring) and (ii) low-density polyethylene (non-charring). Using a cone calorimeter setup, good agreement has been achieved between the computational an...

Non-Destructive Assessment of the Elastic Properties of Low-Grade CLT Panels
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1734... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2021
Opazo-Vega, A.; Benedetti, F.; Nuñez-Decap, M.; Maureira-Carsalade, N.; Oyarzo-Vera, C.
The use of cross-laminated timber panels (CLT) made of low-grade structural timber has steadily increased in developing countries. These panels usually present several natural defects, which can cause a high local variation of their orthotropic elastic properties, generating future structural serviceability problems. Our work aims to estimate the local variability of the elastic properties in low-grade CLT panels by combining nondestructive transverse vibration testing, numerical simulations, an...

Building Life-Cycle Analysis with the GREET Building Module: Methodology, Data, and Case Studies
https://greet.es.anl.gov/publication-greet_buildin... [Environmental Performance] [Report] 2021
H. Cai, X. Wang, J. Kelly, M. Wang
To holistically address building sustainability, Argonne National Laboratory has expanded its Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies (GREET) life-cycle model with a new GREET Building Module. This report documents life-cycle analysis (LCA) methodology and foreground data that Argonne National Laboratory compiles and develops to address embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy impacts of a wide range of envelope and structural building materials for new co...

Mechanical behaviour of connections between wood framed shear walls and foundations under monotonic and cyclic load
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2013
Roberto Tomasi, Tiziano Sartori
Light timber structures have always been considered performing well during earthquakes, because of the high ratio between strength and mass. In platform frame constructions the task of resisting to the horizontal forces (wind, earthquake) is entirely left to the shear walls. The mechanical characterization of connections between the wall panels and the foundation and between the wall panels at different storeys is extremely important in order to investigate the global response of multi-storey bu...

Cross laminated timber at in-plane beam loading – Comparison of model predictions and FE-analyses
https://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/lup/publication/4... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Henrik Danielsson, Mario Jeleč, Erik Serrano, Vlatka Rajčić
The work presented concerns validation of a specific analytical model for Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) at in-plane beam loading conditions. The original model (model A) has previously been presented in the literature and is also suggested to be used as a basis for design equations for the next version of Eurocode 5. An improved version (model B) of that original model (model A), regarding basic assumptions relating to the internal force distribution, has recently been presented in the literature...

Seismic Performance of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Platform Building by Incremental Dynamic Analysis
https://structurae.net/en/literature/conference-pa... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Md Shahnewaz, Thomas Tannert, Shahria M. Alam, Marjan Popovski
The present study performed Incremental Dynamic Analysis on a case study Cross-laminated timber (CLT) platform building. The building was designed for the seismic modification factors of Rd=2.0 and Ro=1.5 for the soil Class C in Vancouver, BC, Canada. A 2D non-linear finite element model was developed in OpenSees. CLT panels were modelled as orthotropic elastic shell elements and the connections were modelled as non-linear springs that account for both uplift and shear deformation. The connectio...

Transformative Carbon-Storing Materials: Accelerating an Ecosystem
https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/h... [Environmental Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Kriegh, Julie
Recent recognition of the severity of the climate crisis and the need for major, impactful interventions has accelerated interest in low-carbon and carbon-storing materials that can redress the significant upfront emissions associated with conventional building materials. Decades of previous work to develop, improve, and implement these materials now provide a strong base of research, product development, and case studies that can support the drive to bring these materials to market quickly and ...

Modelling ambitious climate mitigation pathways for Australia's built environment
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Cameron Allen, Philip Oldfield, Soo Huey Teh, Thomas Wiedmann, Sarah Langdon, Man Yu, Jiajia Yang
Achieving net zero operational and embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the built environment is recognised in Australia and globally as a key strategy to address climate change and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, gaps in knowledge remain regarding potential national pathways to achieve this outcome in Australia. This study further extends and applies a national-scale integrated macroeconomic simulation model to explore coherent pathways to net zer...

Environmental Impact of a Mass Timber Building—A Case Study
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/11/1571... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Vanova, R.; Stompf, P.; Stefko, J.; Stefkova, J.
The study focuses on a life cycle assessment of a wood-based residential building and evaluates the magnitude of individual construction components—foundations, flooring, peripheral wall, inner walls, ceiling, roof, windows, and doors—in terms of climate change; acidification; eutrophication; photochemical oxidation; depletion of abiotic elements and fossil fuels; and water scarcity categories within the system boundaries of the Product stage of the life cycle. The assessment was done using the ...

Adhesion performance of melamine-urea–formaldehyde joints of copper azole-treated Eucalyptus grandis at varied bonding process conditions
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2022
Adefemi Adebisi Alade, Zahra Naghizadeh, Coenraad Brand Wessels, Hannes Stolze, Holger Militz
The effect of copper azole impregnation, wood density, adhesive spread rate, mechanical pre-treatment, open and close assembly times, bonding pressure, and press duration on melamine-urea–formaldehyde-bond performance of Eucalyptus grandis joints was investigated. The results obtained showed that the shear strength was mainly affected by copper azole concentration and bonding pressure while wood failure and delamination were mainly affected by wood density, copper azole concentration, and mechan...

Experimental investigation on the effect of accelerated ageing conditions on the pull-out capacity of compressed wood and hardwood dowel type fasteners
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2021
Sameer Mehra, Annette M. Harte, Adeayo Sotayo, Zhongwei Guan and Conan O’Ceallaigh
The widespread use of adhesives in timber construction has negative implications for the end-of-life disposal or re-use of the structural timber components. To promote the circular bioeconomy, it is preferable to substitute adhesives with more sustainable alternatives such as wood-based connectors. Today, robotic fabrication technologies facilitate the development of dowel-laminated timber (DLT) products whereby hardwood dowels are used to connect timber laminates as a substitute to adhesives. I...

Effect of arrangement distances on stiffness of shear-tension mode in timber-to-timber connections with inclined screws
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
Yifan Liu, Ziyin Yao, Feibin Wang, Hui Huang, Zeli Que
The effects of arrangement distances on stiffness in timber structure connections with inclined self-tapping screws were investigated in this study. Under the conditions of five end distances (ED-6D, ED-10D, ED-14D, ED-18D, and ED-22D) and four spacings (S-4D, S-8D, S-12D, and S-16D), shear-tension tests were conducted on the timber structure connections with inclined self-tapping screws, and the stiffness and other properties of the connections were evaluated. Based on the experimental data, th...

Regional environmental life cycle consequences of material substitutions: The case of increasing wood structures for non-residential buildings
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Sylvain Cordier, François Robichaud, Pierre Blanchet, Ben Amor
Several studies have shown the benefits of using timber in the construction sector in terms of climate change, which has received the support of decision-makers. However, few studies focus on other environmental indicators. The environmental impacts (i.e., such as human health, ecosystem quality, and resources) of material substitutions, consequence of the increasing use of wood, are still lacking in the literature. Studies that compare different structural materials focus either on a single bui...

Application of Variability Response Function to Cross Laminated Timber
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
F.A. O’Donnell, S.R. Arwade, P.L. Clouston
Variation in material properties leads to variation in stiffness, or displacement response, of structural systems. This paper presents an efficient method to calculate the variability in stiffness of a three-layer Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panel as a result of heterogeneous elastic properties in the constituent lumber. Typically, problems involving stochastic material properties are solved by Monte Carlo simulations, which is computationally expensive for complex systems. The Variability Resp...

New Zealand wood timber design guides - costing timber buildings
https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/INFORM... [Economics/Costs] [Journal Article] 2021
Linda Lodetti; Andy van Houtte
With the rate of climate change accelerating and extreme global weather events becoming "common", the future of our planet for the next generation increasingly becomes this generation's problem to solve. The only thing that surpasses the rate of change of our weather events is humankind's ability to make change....

The reinstatement of fire damaged steel framed structures
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 1981
C.I.SmithB.R.KirbyD.G.LapwoodK.J.ColeA.P.CunninghamR.R.Preston
The paper examines the factors which can cause steelwork to distort and collapse during fires. In many situations no distortion occurs and the steelwork may be reused. Laboratory based experiments are described in which the strengths of various grades of steel were determined at elevated temperatures. The effects on mechanical properties of heating steelwork to temperatures in the range 100 — 1000°C and cooling back to ambient temperature have also been assessed. It has been shown that mild and...