International Handbook of Structural Fire Engineering
https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=c... [Fire Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2021
Kevin LaMalva, Danny Hopkin
This handbook is intended to provide the readers with an understanding of structural performance in the event of fire. It has been written to mirror the anticipated workflow of a structural (fire) engineering consultancy by encouraging consideration of project goals, likely fires that might develop, manifestation and estimation of thermal boundary conditions and structural element temperatures, and material and element response to heating. Separate chapters are provided in support of specific co...

Fire Resistance
https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=c... [Fire Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2021
International Code Council
Maintaining structural stability and limiting the spread of fire/smoke throughout the duration of a credible, structurally-severe design fire scenario (e.g., total burnout) are important requirements to satisfying overall fire life safety objectives for any very tall building design. This chapter describes how structural fire safety engineering approaches provide sufficient time for building occupants to exit the building or reach a place of relative safety with minimal fire exposure, enable fir...

Mono-material wood wall: Novel building envelope using subtractive manufacturing of timber profiles to improve thermal performance and airtightness of solid wood construction
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Other] [Journal Article] 2022
Oliver Bucklin, Achim Menges, Felix Amtsberg, Hans Drexler, Angela Rohr, Oliver David Krieg
This research seeks to improve the energy performance of solid-timber building envelopes by introducing air chambers into construction elements to increase thermal insulation values and using all-wood joinery to reduce air permeability. This paper documents the development of a construction system that minimizes non-wood materials to reduce embodied energy and facilitate dismantling and low-impact disposal of building components. The developed system satisfies structural, thermal, and airtightne...

A Generalized Artificial Neural Network for Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Mass Timber Rocking Walls
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/136324... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Da Huang & Shiling Pei
Displacement-based seismic design often requires nonlinear time history simulation of building responses which is computationally intensive. This technical note presents an artificial neural network (ANN) designed to generate max inter-story drift for buildings with post-tensioned mass timber (MT) rocking walls systems. This particular lateral system was selected because it is an innovative system with limited physical design parameters, making it an ideal candidate for ANN. The proposed model a...

A Lifecycle Assessment of a Low-Energy Mass-Timber Building and Mainstream Concrete Alternative in Central Chile
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1249... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Felmer, G.; Morales-Vera, R.; Astroza, R.; González, I.; Puettmann, M.; Wishnie, M.
While high-rise mass-timber construction is booming worldwide as a more sustainable alternative to mainstream cement and steel, in South America, there are still many gaps to overcome regarding sourcing, design, and environmental performance. The aim of this study was to assess the carbon emission footprint of using mass-timber products to build a mid-rise low-energy residential building in central Chile (CCL). The design presented at a solar decathlon contest in Santiago was assessed through li...

Flexural and Shear Performance of Wood Composite Panel with Embedded Cross-Laminations
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Bojan Cosovic;, Hyungsuk Lim, Rubin Shmulsky, Frank Lam
The structural behavior of an innovative wood-based composite system, manufactured out of 2×6 southern yellow pine lumber, was studied through destructive experiments. The composite panel system consisted of profiled 34.9-mm-thick surface laminations with precut rectangular grooves and 25.4-mm-thick cross-laminations fitted (embedded/dadoed) into the grooves. The cross-laminations were oriented across the surface layers at a specified repetitive spacing. Given that the 34.9-mm-thick surface lami...

Numerical study of self-camber for timber and timber-concrete composite elements by swelling hardwood inlays
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Conference Paper] 2021
Grönquist, Philipp; Müller, Katharina; Imfeld, Luca; Frangi, Andrea
The often-decisive criterion for the design of timber-concrete composite (TCC) slabs is the limitation of the deflections. Especially, initial deflections of the timber part occurring during the construction state due to the added weight of fresh concrete are highly contributing to total long-term deflections. Existing measures to limit the initial deflections hinder the construction process, are time consuming, or can impair the wooden elements. Self-camber by swelling hardwood inlays, a concep...

Cost Analysis of a Mass Timber Building Project: Comparison of Budgeted and Actual Construction Cost
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784483... [Economics/Costs] [Journal Article] 2022
Shafayet Ahmed, Ingrid Arocho
Mass timber is considered as a sustainable alternative to traditional building materials such as concrete and steel. However, due to a lack of sufficient mass timber construction projects, the US construction practitioners are not familiar with the cost details of mass timber buildings. Cost is an important parameter of any construction project, and the availability of adequate cost information from previous projects helps to tackle cost-related challenges associated with building construction. ...

Identifying the Level of Awareness and Challenges to Adopt Mass Timber by the Construction Practitioners in the United States
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784483... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022
Shafayet Ahmed, Ingrid Arocho
Mass timber is a promising building material that provides excellent structural rigidity, a low-environmental pollution footprint, and better use of natural resources. However, the adoption of mass timber is not free from challenges. Especially in the US construction industry, the material has not been accepted widely by practitioners due to inexperience and a lack of mass timber building construction projects. This study aims to determine the current awareness level among US construction practi...

Smoke Hazards of Tall Timber Buildings with New Products
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8392/2/1/39... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Cheng, C.-H.; Chow, C.-L.; Yue, T.-K.; Ng, Y.-W.; Chow, W.-K.
Timber buildings can now stand very tall using new products. As timber materials are expected to be easily ignitable, the fire hazard of timber is a concern. Charring of the timber surface would maintain structural stability, but would also be accompanied by smoke. Although treating timber products with fire retardants would delay the ignition time under low radiative heat flux, toxic combustion products and unburnt fuel would be emitted immediately upon burning. More smoke and higher toxic gas ...

Choosing by Advantages (CBA) Method to Determine Feasibility of Mass Timber Building Material in the US Construction Market
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784483... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022
Shafayet Ahmed, Ingrid Arocho
Construction projects involve multiple stakeholders that make numerous decisions during the design and construction phases. One of the crucial decisions is to select the most suitable building material for the project. Therefore, it is important to select a building material with low-environmental impacts. The decision-making process is not often managed in an organized manner. Many decisions are made without having a systemic approach to decision-making, thus generates conflict among the stakeh...

Toolkits for Renewable and Regenerative Buildings
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/97... [Environmental Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2022
Devni Acharya, Emma Boucher, Richard Boyd, Michael Budig, Elisa Magnini, Neil Walmsley
This chapter focuses on new tools in relation to decarbonisation and begins with a discussion on the ‘Decarbonisation of buildings’. Developed countries with low rates of building replacement such as the UK and Germany face a different challenge. In developed countries including Singapore and Japan, high rates of building replacement are the issue. The chapter shows how renewable materials in the form of timber, plants and microorganisms, are changing the construction industry. It focuses on ref...

Wooden Additional Floor in Finland
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8392/2/1/38... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2022
Soikkeli, A.; Ilgın, H.E.; Karjalainen, M.
One of the most effective ways to cover real estate development and renovation processes by improving functionality and energy efficiency is wooden additional floor construction. This entry maps out, organizes, and collates scattered information on the current state of the art and the benefits of this practice including its different stages, focusing on the case of Finland. The entry presents this topic in an accessible and understandable discourse for non-technical readers. By highlighting the ...

Compression perpendicular to the grain of Cross-Laminated Timber Influence of support conditions of CLT on compressive strength and stiffness
http://lnu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1241929... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2018
Qibin Huang, Anitha Joy
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) has recently become a popular construction material for building timber structures. One advantage of CLT is, that it can be used as floor, beam and wall element. As the arrangements of layers in CLT is in perpendicular direction to each other, it exhibits remarkable strength properties in both in-plane directions. However, the low stiffness and strength properties in compression perpendicular to the grain hinder application of CLT in high rising building, since force...

Experimental and numerical evaluation of hold-down connections on radiata pine Cross-Laminated-Timber shear walls: a case study in Chile
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs0... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2019
F Benedetti, V V Rosales, A A Opazo-Vega, J J Norambuena-Contreras, A A Jara-Cisterna
Cross-Laminated-Timber (CLT) structures have gained popularity in the field of medium-rise buildings due to the quick fabrication and assembly of the panels. However, connections in radiata pine CLT shear walls and the behavior of CLT structures under lateral loads is still not well understood. In this context, this paper studies the structural behavior of hold-down connections on radiata pine CLT walls by means of experimental tests and numerical simulations under static and dynamic conditions....

Long-term performance of post-tensioned cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls: hygro-mechanical model validation and parametric analysis
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs4... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2021
Xiuzhi Zheng, Minjuan He, Zheng Li, Qi Luo
Post-tensioned cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear wall structure is an innovative solution of earthquake resilient structures. The prestressing force of post-tensioned CLT shear walls remarkably affect the structural seismic performance. Due to the time-dependent elastic, creep, and environmental deformation of wood, the prestressing force will change over the service life of the structure. In this study, a hygro-mechanical numerical model for simulating the time-dependent performance of post-te...

Experimental investigations into the mechanical performance of glulam dowel-type connections with either bolts or screws as fasteners
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs1... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2021
Zheng Li, Wei Feng, Jiajia Ou, Feng Liang, Minjuan He
Dowel-type connections are the most common connections in glulam structures. Bolts are often used as fasteners for dowel-type connections. However, the clearance between the bolts and the pre-drilled bolt holes leads to low rotational stiffness and insufficient moment-resisting capacity. To achieve better mechanical performance, screws can be used as alternative fasteners for dowel-type connections. In this paper, monotonic and cyclic loading tests were conducted on glulam dowel-type connections...

Experimental investigation on the influence of lamination aspect ratios on rolling shear strength of cross-laminated timber
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs4... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Xiaofeng Sun, Minjuan He, Zheng Li
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) as one novel engineered massive wood is prone to the rolling shear failure, due to its configuration characteristics of orthogonal orientation of adjacent layers. For comprehending its rolling shear behavior and clarifying the influence of the lamination aspect ratios on the rolling shear strength, pseudo-static monotonic rolling shear tests were conducted on the CLT specimens with aspect ratios ranging from 2.54 to 9.40, based on a modified planar shear test method....

Influence of core stiffness on the behavior of tall timber buildings subjected to wind loads
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs1... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2021
Zhouyan Xia, Jan-Willem G. G Van De Kuilen, Andrea Polastri, Ario Ceccotti, Minjuan He
This study analyzes the feasibility of the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) as a load-bearing structural element in a 40-story building based on Chinese design requirements. The proposed design of the high-rise concrete-CLT building utilizes the core-outrigger system. Concrete is used for the central core and outriggers, and CLT is used for the rest of the structure of the building. Finite element models with different types of connections were developed using SAP2000 to analyze the lateral b...

Directives and Explanatory Guide for Mass Timber Buildings of up to 12 Storeys |
https://research.thinkwood.com/en/permalink/catalo... [Markets] [Book/Book Section] 2015
Lise Veilleux, Sylvain Gagnon, Christian Dagenais
This document is intended specifically for professionals working in the construction of wood buildings up to 12 storeys. If designed and built in compliance with the conditions stipulated in Part 1 – Guidelines, and the technical specifications in Part 2 – Explanatory Guide of this document, these buildings are deemed to comply with the standards set out in the National Building Code 2010, amended for the province of Quebec. However, this does not exempt applicants from obtaining any other autho...