The role of lintels and parapets on the mechanical performance of multi-storey cross laminated timber shearwalls with openings
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Mohammadreza Khajehpour, Daniele Casagrande, Ghasan Doudak
The current study presents the results of an extensive numerical analysis using a validated Finite Element model and aims at investigating the influence of the geometrical and mechanical properties of lintel beams and parapets on the stiffness and strength of multi-storey cross laminated timber (CLT) symmetric shearwalls with either door or window openings. The influence of construction techniques, where the opening is cut out of the panel or constructed using separate elements is investigated. ...

Withdrawal capacity and strength of self-tapping screws on cross-laminated timber
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
Tran Dang Khai, Jeong Gi Youn
The goal of this study was to investigate withdrawal capacity and strength of self-tapping screws (STSs) on cross-laminated timber (CLT). Effects of wood density, diameter, and penetration length on withdrawal behaviors of STS on CLT were evaluated. An equation was proposed to predict the withdrawal capacity of STSs on CLT. With a higher density of CLT, the withdrawal capacity and strength increased from 19.7 to 57.3%. Beneficial effects of a higher wood density of CLT on withdrawal behavior wer...

Increasing Mass Timber Consumption in the U.S. and Sustainable Timber Supply
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/1/381... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022
Comnick, J.; Rogers, L.; Wheiler, K.
Mass timber products are growing in popularity as a substitute for steel and concrete, reducing embodied carbon in the built environment. This trend has raised questions about the sustainability of the U.S. timber supply. Our research addresses concerns that rising demand for mass timber products may result in unsustainable levels of harvesting in coniferous forests in the United States. Using U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data, incrementa...

Efficiency of Energy Consumption between Reinforced Concrete Structure and Cross-Laminated Timber Based Hybrid Structure in East Asian Cities
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/1/165... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2022
Tsai, M.-T.; Lin, W.
From the environmental perspective, wooden structures are favorable insulators that are suitable for carbon fixation and wooden-related products are considered the most sustainable material. Research has indicated that wooden structures have superior energy-saving performance compared to reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In this study, a CLT-based hybrid structure system that potentially improves the efficiency of energy consumption is proposed. The proposed hybrid structure system, which pre...

Workspacization of the City
https://andererseits.library.duke.edu/article/down... [Other] [Book/Book Section] 2022
Alexander Gutzmer
A new mega-phenomenon is electricizing contemporary capitalism and the discourses it influences, one of which is that on architecture and the urban realm. The phenomenon I am referring to is alternately called »workspace,« »workspace design,« or »workspace architecture.« Under the differing headlines, countless consultancy firms and other service providers are offering their help in making this or that workspace better, more human, or more efficient. »New work,« the concept proposed by Austro-Am...

Potential Loss in Prestressing Tendon Forces under Long-Term Service Conditions: Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Wall Applications
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022
Minjuan He; Xiuzhi Zheng; Frank Lam; Zheng Li,
The seismic performance of post-tensioned cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls depends on the existing prestressing tendon force. The prestressing force will change over time because of the time-dependent elastic, creep, and environmental deformation of timber. In this study, post-tensioned CLT shear walls under three different prestressing force levels were monitored over 540 days to study the prestressing force loss under varied environments. The long-term experimental results of temperatu...

Prescriptive Seismic Design Procedure for Post-Tensioned Mass Timber Rocking Walls
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
A. Busch, S.M.ASCE; R. B. Zimmerman, M.ASCE; S. Pei, M.ASCE; E. McDonnell, M.ASCE; P. Line, M.ASCE; and D. Huang,
In this study, a prescriptive seismic design procedure for post-tensioned mass timber rocking wall lateral force–resisting systems is proposed. Unlike performance-based design approaches that employ nonlinear analysis, this procedure utilizes techniques and analysis procedures that are routinely applied in design industry practice as well as adhering to traditional approaches contained in current US standards. The design procedure targets providing a basis for prescriptive design of mass timber ...

Mortise-and-tenon joinery for modern timber construction: Quantifying the embodied carbon of an alternative structural connection
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44150-0... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Demi Fang, Caitlin Mueller
The mass timber industry offers a compelling pathway for low-carbon structural systems in buildings, replacing carbon-intensive materials like concrete and steel with sustainably forested wood. However, conventional structural connections in mass timber construction are largely made of metallic materials, such as screws, nails, and plates. In contrast, joinery, or geometrically interlocking all-timber connections, is globally prevalent in historic timber construction. This paper investigates the...

Behaviour of composite timber sandwich panels subjected to bending and shear
https://era.daf.qld.gov.au/id/eprint/8434... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Conference Paper] 2021
Darzi, S., Karampour, H., Bailleres, H., Gilbert, B. P., McGavin, R. L. and Zadeh, S.
Composite sandwich panels are manufactured by gluing plywood skins to either bamboo rings to produce Bamboo Core Sandwich (BCS) panels or peeler core rings to produce Peeler Core Sandwich (PCS) panels. Both single- and double-layer panels are produced. The manufactured panels are tested under four-point bending and three-point shear tests. Results are compared to the test results of conventional Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) panels. Moreover, one single-layer PCS panel with thicker plywood skins ...

Fire Safe implementation of visible mass timber in tall buildings – compartment fire testing
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=d... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Brandon, Daniel Sjöström, Johan Temple, Alastair
Five real scale fire tests of compartments constructed of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and glued laminated timber, compliant with product standards specified in current US model building code, were performed. Four of the tested compartments were designed to result in a representative and severe fire scenario in a residential fire compartment, using a probabilistic approach. The other tested compartment had additional openings and a greater opening factor, which was aimed to be representative of ...

Development and Promotion of Mass Timber Noise Barrier for Highways
https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/3681/... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Harsh Bothra
Highways are some of the biggest causes of noise pollution in the United States of America. To deal with the traffic noise coming from these highways, noise barriers have been erected across major highways. The goal is to reduce as much noise as possible through a sustainable solution. Unfortunately, the use of steel and concrete, commonly used materials, have undesired environmental impacts. A suggested sustainable alternative material would be mass timber. Mass timber products such as cross-la...

How much better does a concrete building have to perform energy-wise to have the same CO2-impact as a timber building?: A Life Cycle Assessment study
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=d... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Dagistan, Pinar
This thesis aims to calculate the life cycle emission of a timber building and compare it to a concrete alternative. Furthermore, to investigate whether there is a chance that the total impact of the concrete model can be off-set completely by certain design strategies. The case study under investigation was called “Cederhusen – Bologna” which is located in Hagaesplanaden in Stockholm. The methods that have been used in this project are energy simulations and life cycle assessment. First the ene...

Post-Fire Rehabilitation of CLT
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=di... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Brandon, Daniel; Sjöström, Johan
Engineered mass timber materials such as CLT have been increasingly implemented as a structural material for tall or larger buildings in recent years. Most studies have been conducted on the structural performance of timber exposed to fire, but the number of studies focusing on post-fire rehabilitation of mass timber have been limited. As increasingly large timber buildings are being realized, for insurance purposes it becomes increasingly important to ensure that a building can be repaired afte...

Post fire restoration of CLT
https://www.iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/Post-fi... [Fire Performance] [Presentation] 2018
Jim Henjum, Jason Smart
...

Predictive method for fires in CLT and glulam structures – A priori modelling versus real scale compartment fire tests & an improved method
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=d... [Fire Performance] [Report] 2021
Brandon, Daniel; Temple, Alastair; Sjöström, Johan
Predictive modelling of the fire duration, fire temperatures, heat release rates and the structural capacity during building fires can be used to show compliance with performance-based building code requirements. The predictive models presented in this report focusses on the post flashover fire including the decay phase and extinction of flaming combustion for mass timber structures. A priori predictions of five recent compartment fire tests have been set against experimental results and compare...

Cross-Laminated Timber and Cold-Formed Steel Hybrid System: A New Approach Figure 1-1: CLT/CFS platform-type construction
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/613f8e08d5a... [null] [other]
Robert Malczyk, 1P Eng, 1Struct Eng, 1Istructe null, 1Hercend M Mpidi Bita, 1P Asce, 1 Eng,
...

LCA & LCC analysis of hybrid glued laminated Timber–Concrete composite floor slab system
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Ali Tighnavard Balasbaneh, Willy Sher, David Yeoh, Kiarash Koushfar
The increasing request for energy-saving and saving materials and growing concern related to the impacts of materials used on environmental and economical has driven the construction industry toward redesigning critical structural systems and elements. This research proposes solutions for mitigating ecological effects and sustainable built environments. For example, the floor slab is considered the top environmental impact emission after walls compared to other non-load-bearing elements among di...

Detection of high moisture content in multilayered timber elements by means of non-destructive imaging techniques
http://www.sea-acustica.es/fileadmin/Madeira21/ID2... [Moisture/Durability] [other]
Federica Morandi, 1Andrea Gasparella, 1Massimo Garai, 1Nicolas Quaegebeur, 2Patrice Masson,
This work aims at tuning a non-destructive inspection technique, based on vibroacoustic analysis, capable of detecting the presence of high moisture content in timber elements. Most of the inspection techniques currently used to identify the damage caused by water are based on local measurements; through a limited number of measurement positions, the method proposed here allows scanning a whole surface to detect the presence of water in localized regions. First, the direction-dependent dispersio...

Cost-Benefit Evaluation of Energy-Efficient Building Strategies in Single-Family Affordable Housing
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduat... [Economics/Costs] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Iliff, Helen M.
The goal of this thesis is to ease the adoption of energy-efficient (EE) building strategies for affordable homes in the United States (US). Low-wage earning households spend nearly three times the proportion of their gross annual income on home energy bills resulting in higher energy burden for them when compared to higher-income families. Therefore, this study provides a decision-making framework for holistic EE building decisions in affordable single-family housing (SFH) developments. Virtual...

In-plane Creep Behavior of Cross-laminated Timber and Mass Plywood Panels: A Methodology to Evaluate the Long-term Performance of Post-Tensioned Mass Timber Walls
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduat... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Longman, Ryan P.
Post-tensioned (PT) self-centering shear walls were designed to reduce structural damage from seismic activity. However, these lateral force resistant systems experience post-tension loss negatively affecting the re-centering capability due to delayed deformations experienced by engineered wood products over time. The long-term mechanical response of mass-timber panels to in-plane PT loads is a complex, multi-physics problem involving moisture diffusion, constrained hygroexpansion, and viscoelas...