A deconstructable grout-reinforced hybrid shear connector for tall cross-laminated timber buildings
https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Shulman, Samuel
All over the world, the mass timber construction industry is experiencing unprecedented growth. However, as mass timber buildings reach new heights, designers are faced with new challenges regarding constructability, sustainability, and compliance with performance-based design requirements. In particular, there is a need for novel connection solutions that are conducive to off-site prefabrication, quick on-site assembly, and that can provide required seismic resistance without suffering damage, ...

Finite element modelling of the progressive collapse of post-and-beam mass timber building substructures under edge and corner column removal scenarios
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
C.H. Lyu, B.P. Gilbert, H. Guan, H. Karampour, S. Gunalan
The structural behaviour of mass timber buildings under a load bearing element removal scenario is complex. To well understand this phenomenon and ultimately develop scientifically based design guidelines against progressive collapse for this type of buildings, there is a need to develop a Finite Element model which accurately captures the non-linear response, load redistribution mechanisms (alternative load paths) and failure modes of such buildings. As such, this paper presents for the first t...

Numerical modelling of the variability of the vibration frequencies of multi-layered timber structures using the modal stability procedure
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
T.A. Bui, P. Lardeur, M. Oudjene, J. Park
Based on the Modal Stability Procedure (MSP), this paper investigates numerical variability of vibration frequencies of novel adhesive free engineered wood products (AFEWPs), namely adhesive free laminated timber beams (AFLB) and adhesive free cross-laminated timber panels (AFCLT), assembled through thermo-mechanically compressed wood dowels. Structures are modelled by finite element method with twenty-node hexahedral solid elements. Several new variants of MSP formulation for the twenty-node so...

An experimental and modeling study on apparent bending moduli of cross-laminated bamboo and timber (CLBT) in orthogonal strength directions
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2022
Hao Li, Brad Jianhe Wang, Libin Wang, Yang Wei
In this paper, the bending properties of a 3-ply cross-laminated bamboo and timber (CLBT), prefabricated with the bamboo mat-curtain panel and hem-fir lumber, were examined in the major and minor strength directions, and a 3-ply hem-fir cross-laminated timber (CLT) was taken as a control group. The analytical model for the sum of the orthogonal apparent bending moduli with the two types of layer classifications were proposed, and the two kinds of contribution models were developed to analyze the...

Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Made from Australian Plantation Eucalyptus nitens under Planar Shear Test
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/1/84... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2022
Ettelaei, A.; Taoum, A.; Shanks, J.; Nolan, G.
With the increasing availability of fast-growing Eucalyptus plantation logs in Australia in recent years, the timber manufacturing sector has become interested in discovering the opportunities of producing value-added timber products from this resource. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) could be a potential sustainable product recovered from this resource and supply material for commercial buildings. Shear of the inner cross-laminates, known as rolling shear, is one of the governing factors in servic...

Post-fabrication Preservative Treatment of CLT
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2021/fpl_202... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2021
Andrew Shahan Mark Denavit Adam Taylor Jeffrey Lloyd Mark Mankowski Grant T. Kirker
Cross laminated timber is becoming a popular manufactured building material that offers a safe and environmentally friendly alternative in large building applications that were previously limited to concrete and steel. Preservatives are often applied to wood products to protect them from decay and extend their service life. However, CLT panels are typically not treated due, in part, to a lack of efficient and effective methods for treating large panels and a lack of information on what impact th...

Overview and Progress of FPL Research into Mass Timber Durability
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2021/fpl_202... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2021
Grant T. Kirker Katie Ohno Rachel Arango Mark Mankowski
Mass Timber, mostly highlighted herein as cross laminated timber, is a growing market in North America with hundreds of new projects either in preparation or underway. This material is an innovation in wood-based design and construction and represents an opportunity to transform building practice away from less sustainable materials such as concrete and steel. However, wood is still a biodegradable resource and it is important to understand what limitations, or at least precautions, should be ta...

Tall Timber Architecture: An Opportunity for Green Building as Mjøstårnet
https://ati.yasar.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/1... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2021
Dilan ERDOĞAN, Hasan BEGEÇ
Construction sector greatly affects the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is necessary to look into renewable and sustainable construction materials. Construction of tall buildings has increased rapidly in 20th century, they consume a lot of energy in their construction process and the subsequent building usage might be related to climate change. This paper focuses on whether timber might be used as a single material for tall building structure system, or not. In this study, the a...

Large-scale compartment fires to develop a self-extinction design framework for mass timber—Part 1: Literature review and methodology
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Hangyu Xu, Ian Pope, Vinny Gupta, Jaime Cadena, Jeronimo Carrascal, David Lange, Martyn S. McLaggan, Julian Mendez, Andrés Osorio, Angela Solarte, Diana Soriguer, Jose L. Torero, Felix Wiesner, Abdulrahman Zaben, Juan P. Hidalgo
Fire safety remains a major challenge for engineered timber buildings. Their combustible nature challenges the design principles of compartmentation and structural integrity beyond burnout, which are inherent to the fire resistance framework. Therefore, self-extinction is critical for the fire-safe design of timber buildings. This paper is the first of a three-part series that seeks to establish the fundamental principles underpinning a design framework for self-extinction of engineered timber....

Various Geometric Configuration Proposals for Dovetail Wooden Horizontal Structural Members in Multistory Building Construction
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/79763... [Markets] [Book/Book Section] 2021
Hüseyin Emre Ilgın, Markku Karjalainen and Olli-Paavo Koponen
Adhesives and metal fasteners have an important place in the content of engineered wood products (EWPs). However, adhesives may cause toxic gas emissions due to their petroleum-based nature, while metal fasteners may adversely affect the reusability of these products. These issues also raise important questions about the sustainability and environmental friendliness of EWPs. Thus, there is still room for a solution that is solid and completely pure wood, adhesive- and metal-connectors-free dovet...

The CLT Handbook
https://www.svenskttra.se/siteassets/5-publikation... [General Information] [Book/Book Section] 2019
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
The CLT Handbook is the result of a collaboration between Swedish suppliers of cross laminated timber, CLT, and the industry body Swedish Wood. The CLT Handbook is part of Swedish Wood’s investment in handbooks for building in wood...

Fire structural performance of thermo-mechanically compressed spruce timber by means experiments and a three-step multi-reactions pyrolysis 3D-finite element modelling
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
T.T. Tran, V.-D. Thi, M. Oudjene, M. Khelifa, P. Girods, M. Debal, Y. Rogaume, Y. Jannot
This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations to access the relative fire structural resistance of thermo-mechanically compressed (or densified) spruce wood. First of all, thermal characterization, including thermal conductivity and specific heat, has been undertaken on both compressed and uncompressed spruce wood. The thermal degradation of both compressed and uncompressed wood has been analysed by means thermogravimetric tests using different heating rates. Both compressed and ...

Construction Systems Based on Wood
https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=c... [General Information] [Book/Book Section] 2022
Jozef ŠvajlenkaMária Kozlovská
Wood is one of nature’s basic renewable materials. Knowledge of its basic properties is the first prerequisite for its proper use in various industries and in various areas of human life. Wood is the most versatile and widely used material (industry, construction, agriculture, everyday life). Due to its natural character, natural grain and favourable physical properties, it is an increasingly sought-after environmental element. As wood is easy to work with cutting tools, it has become a means of...

Wooden Facade Renovation and Additional Floor Construction for Suburban Development in Finland
https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/79836... [Markets] [Book/Book Section] 2022
Markku Karjalainen, Hüseyin Emre Ilgın, Lauri Metsäranta and Markku Norvasuo
Finnish urban settlements are in the age of restoration, and the suburbs need improvements in Finland. In this sense, wooden facade renovation and additional floor construction are viable and sustainable solutions for this development in the Finnish context. This chapter focuses on these important applications from the Finnish residents’ perspective as ecologically sound engineering solutions through a survey. In doing so, the challenges of facade renovation, as well as the benefits of additiona...

Sustainable refurbishment of exterior walls and building facades
https://www.vttresearch.com/sites/default/files/pd... [Environmental Performance] [Report] 2012
Tarja Häkkinen
This report is the final report of Sustainable refurbishment of building facades and exterior walls (SUSREF). SUSREF project was a collaborative (small/medium size) research project within the 7th Framework Programme of the Commission and it was financed under the theme Environment (including climate change) (Grant agreement no. 226858). The project started in October 1st 2009 and ended in April 30th 2012. The project included 11 partners from five countries. The coordinator of the project was T...

Experimental and analytical studies on mechanical performance of innovative energy-dissipating hold-down for CLT structures
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Jiawei Chen, Haibei Xiong, Tomoki Furuta, Yurong Lu, Nadeem Abbas
Connection is the most important part in cross-laminated timber (CLT) buildings as it guarantees necessary strength, stiffness, ductility, and integrality for the whole CLT structure. This paper proposes an innovative energy-dissipating hold-down connection for CLT structures, which combines the advantages of the soft-steel bracket and high-damping rubber for providing great energy-dissipating capacity and high ductility. A series of tests were performed under quasi-static monotonic and reversed...

Assessment of effect of climate change on hygrothermal performance of cross-laminated timber building envelope with modular construction
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Seong Jin Chang, Yujin Kang, Beom Yeol Yun, Sungwoong Yang, Sumin Kim
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) modular construction possesses the advantages of wood, such as excellent carbon storage and thermal insulation, and of modular construction, such as considerably reduced construction period and cost as well as high productivity. This study evaluates the hygrothermal performance of CLT walls considering modular construction in future climatic conditions. Firstly, CLT walls with plywood applied to a core layer were manufactured. A mock-up of a CLT building was produced...

Complete Circularity in Cross-Laminated Timber Production
https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/rtuect-2021-00... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Ilze Vamza , Karlis Valters , Ilze Luksta , Peteris Resnais and Dagnija Blumberga
Many authors have discussed the paradigm shift in economy from linear to circular. Population growth and climate change caused resource scarcity are the main driving forces of shifting to circularity approach. Although consumers have been slower regarding transitioning to more sustainable economy, production companies are the ones who have felt the scarcity of resources first. In this paper we are exploring cross-laminated timber (CLT) production residue utilization possibilities for new product...

MONITORING OF AN OFFICE BUILDING IN UNINSULATED CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER CONSTRUCTION REGARDING HYGROTHER-MAL COMPONENT BEHAVIOR
https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1636556/1onq2hl5lh7... [Moisture/Durability] [Conference Paper] 2021
Nina Flexeder, Stephan Ott, Eva Bodemer, Stefan Winter
The use of solid timber for building construction is regulated-amongst others-by various standards regarding the physical properties of wood. In this long-term monitoring project of an office building in Austria, the relationship between the currently required theoretical target for heat transmission based on national code and the actual state of the construction is derived. The transient hygrothermal behavior of its exterior walls as well as of the different space-enclosing surfaces made of cro...

Self-centering seismic-resistant structures: Historical overview and state-of-the-art
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/8755... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Chiyun Zhong, M.EERI, Constantin Christopoulos, M.EERI Constantin Christopoulos
This state-of-the-art review provides an overview of the evolution of self-centering structures from early historical structures that inherently exhibited a recentering response to modern systems engineered for enhanced seismic resilience. From the early research investigations that were conducted since the 1960s, to the sharp increase of interest in this topic over the last two decades, self-centering seismic-resistant structures that can mitigate both damage and residual drifts following major...