Timber-timber composite (TTC) beams subjected to hogging moment
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
M.W. Hammad, H.R. Valipour, T. Ghanbari-Ghazijahani, M.A. Bradford
This study aims to investigate the structural behaviour of timber-timber composite (TTC) systems subject to hogging moment. A total of thirty-one TTC and six bare timber beam-to-column subassemblies (including fourteen replicates) were fabricated and tested to failure under hogging moment. The TTC beams were fabricated by connecting a cross laminated timber (CLT) slab to the top edge of a pair of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) or glued laminated timber (GLT) beams/joists. The effect of the CLT sl...

Shear performance of tongue-and-groove joints for CLT
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
Tianxiao Yin, Jingting Zhang, Zhiqiang Wang, Wei Zheng, Qianzhi Huang, Meng Gong
This paper presents an experimental study on tongue-and-groove (T&G) and half-lap (HL) joints for 5-layer cross-laminated timber (CLT) connected with self-tapping screws (STS). A total of 54 monotonic and cyclic loading tests were carried out for vertically screwed T&G and HL joints, the load-carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility, strength impairment and energy dissipation of the joints have been investigated. The results showed that the load-carrying capacity, stiffness and ductile ratio of T...

Functionalized wood as bio-based advanced materials: Properties, applications, and challenges
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Ramon Filipe Beims, Rosa Arredondo, Dennise Johanna Sosa Carrero, Zhongshun Yuan, Hongwei Li, Hengfu Shui, Yongsheng Zhang, Mathew Leitch, Chunbao Charles Xu
Due to millions of years of natural evolution, wood has a unique structure that has inspired many researchers to use it as a template to create bio-based advanced materials for various applications. Apart from being a renewable and sustainable source of energy and materials, such as pulp and paper, the wood structure can be functionalized through different methodologies to be applied as advanced materials for water filtration and purification, structural engineering, energy storage, and energy-e...

Unitized Timber Envelopes: the future generation of sustainable, high-performance, industrialized facades for construction decarbonization
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Environmental Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2022
EugeniaGasparri
The use of more energy-efficient and sustainable envelope technologies in multistorey buildings is a necessary step to reduce the environmental impact of the construction sector and face the climate emergency. The widespread adoption of glass unitized curtain walls in high-rises contributes to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and buildings’ carbon footprint. This chapter discusses trends and opportunities in modular facades design and construction and emphasizes the potential for industr...

Life Cycle Assessment of Cross-Laminated Timber Transportation from Three Origin Points
https://econpapers.repec.org/article/gamjsusta/v_3... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Mahboobeh Hemmati, Tahar Messadi, Hongmei Gu
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) used in the U.S. is mainly imported from abroad. In the existing literature, however, there are data on domestic transportation, but little understanding exists about the environmental impacts from the CLT import. Most studies use travel distances to the site based on domestic supply origins. The new Adohi Hall building at the University of Arkansas campus, Fayetteville, AR, presents the opportunity to address the multimodal transportation with overseas origin, and t...

Life Cycle Assessment of Cross-Laminated Timber Transportation from Three Origin Points
https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/sustainability/s... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Mahboobeh Hemmati, Tahar Messadi, Hongmei Gu
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) used in the U.S. is mainly imported from abroad. In the existing literature, however, there are data on domestic transportation, but little understanding exists about the environmental impacts from the CLT import. Most studies use travel distances to the site based on domestic supply origins. The new Adohi Hall building at the University of Arkansas campus, Fayetteville, AR, presents the opportunity to address the multimodal transportation with overseas origin, and t...

Designing highly insulated cross-laminated timber external walls in terms of hygrothermal performance: Field measurements and simulations
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2022
Villu Kukk, Laura Kaljula, Jaan Kers, Targo Kalamees
Keeping wood dry both under construction and service is important to prevent possible moisture damages in wooden buildings. However, practice has shown that without weather protection, wooden structures may get soaked during construction. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the impact of vapour permeable and low permeable highly insulated external wall assemblies, façade orientation, and initial moisture content on the hygrothermal performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) external walls. We ca...

Wood City: Timberizing the City’s Building Blocks
https://scholarworks.uark.edu/cdcpub/3/... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2021
Stephen Luoni
"Wood City" applies mass timber engineering to the 19 building categories that essentially shape our built environments, otherwise financialized as real estate products by Wall Street. Suburban offices, fast-food restaurants, metal warehouses, big-box grocers, garden apartments, single-family houses, hotels, self-storage facilities, assisted living facilities, strip-shopping centers, etc. constitute 75% of the built environment. Given that the US will double its built environment in just one gen...

Wood City: Timberizing the City’s Building Blocks
https://www.theplanjournal.com/article/wood-city-t... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2021
Stephen Luoni
“Wood City” applies mass timber engineering to the 19 building categories that essentially shape our built environments, otherwise financialized as real estate products by Wall Street. Suburban offices, fast-food restaurants, metal warehouses, big-box grocers, garden apartments, single-family houses, hotels, self-storage facilities, assisted living facilities, strip-shopping centers, etc. constitute 75% of the built environment. Given that the US will double its built environment in just one gen...

Hypothesis on the Decrement of the First Natural Frequencies of the Santa Maria Di Collemaggio Basilica from Three Years Monitoring: The Role of the CLT Roof
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/155830... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Angelo Aloisio, Riccardo Cirella, Elena Antonacci & Rocco Alaggio
The long term dynamic monitoring of the Santa Maria di Collemaggio basilica revealed an unexpected trend of the first natural frequencies decreasing from their initial values estimated in 2018. The decrement of the natural frequency could originate from several factors. The structural system derives from the arrangement of four building materials: masonry (predominant), reinforced concrete (RC), timber and steel. Masonry is unlikely to suffer rapid decaying of their mechanical properties. Reinfo...

Timber-concrete composite structural flooring system
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
J. Estévez-Cimadevila, E. Martín-Gutiérrez, F. Suárez-Riestra, D. Otero-Chans, J.A. Vázquez-Rodríguez
An integrated solution is presented for the execution of building structures using timber-concrete composite (TCC) sections that make efficient use of the mechanical properties of both materials. The system integrates flooring and shaped prefabricated beams composed of a lower flange of glued laminated timber (GLT) glued to one or more plywood or laminated veneer lumber (LVL) ribs and linked to an upper concrete slab poured in situ. The parts may be prefabricated in T shape (only one rib), in π ...

New Glulam-Framed Shear Wall Concept with Enhanced Behaviour Characteristics for Tall Timber Buildings in Seismic Areas.
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1259019/... [Markets] [other] 2022
Tulio Carrero, Jairo Montaño, Luis Perez, Ghasan Doudak, Hernán Santa María, Pablo Guindos
This investigation covers the lateral performance of a new concept of hybrid timber shear wall, and includes individual connection testing, full-scale shear wall testing and numerical modeling. The main objective of this study is to develop enhanced timber structural solutions that facilitates the design and construction of mid-rise timber buildings in areas with high seismic demand. The new shear wall concept involves structural configurations similar to those found in conventional light-framed...

Development of Sustainable Timber Construction in Ibero-America: State of the Art in the Region and Identification of Current International Gaps in the Construction Industry
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1170... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022
Araya, R.; Guillaumet, A.; do Valle, Â.; Duque, M.d.P.; Gonzalez, G.; Cabrero, J.M.; De León, E.; Castro, F.; Gutierrez, C.; Negrão, J.; Moya, L.; Guindos, P.
This article presents the latest developments of the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries of Europe and Latin America towards the development of sustainable timber construction. As most regions related to these countries have not traditionally employed timber as primary construction material, bringing the development of sustainable timber construction into fruition requires a wide range of actions, such as the elaboration of new educational programs, construction of demonstrative buildings...

Self-tapping screws as reinforcement perpendicular to the grain in timber connections
https://holz.vaka.kit.edu/public/17.pdf... [Connectors] [other] 2001
Hans Joachim Blaß, Martin Schmid
The use of self-tapping screws with continuous threads as a reinforcement to avoid splitting of members in connections with dowel-type fasteners was studied in two projects carried out at the Universities of Nottingham and Karlsruhe. The reinforced specimens showed a very ductile failure mode whereas the non-reinforced specimens failed in a brittle way. Although the reinforced specimens also showed small cracks in the wood directly under the dowels, a complete splitting of the whole specimen, as...

Feasibility of Cross-Laminated Secondary Timber
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10092625/1/S... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2019
Colin M Rose, Julia A Stegemann
The construction industry creates significant volumes of waste timber, much of which has residual quality and value that dissipates in conventional waste management. This research explored the novel concept of reusing secondary timber as feedstock for cross-laminated secondary timber (CLST) through a review of the literature. If CLST can replace conventional cross-laminated timber (CLT), structural steel and reinforced concrete in some applications, this constitutes upcycling to displace materia...

Feasibility of Cross-Laminated Secondary Timber
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10092625... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2019
Colin M. Rose, Julia A. Stegemann
The construction industry creates significant volumes of waste timber, much of which has residual quality and value that dissipates in conventional waste management. This research explored the novel concept of reusing secondary timber as feedstock for ‘cross-laminated secondary timber’ (CLST) through a review of the literature. If CLST can replace conventional cross-laminated timber (CLT), structural steel and reinforced concrete in some applications, this constitutes upcycling to displace mater...

Seismic design of CLT Buildings: Definition of the suitable q-factor by numerical and experimental procedures
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.120... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2013
L. Pozza, D. Trutalli, A. Polastri & A. Ceccotti
The growing use of timber structures in seismic regions has led to the development of numerous innovative construction s ystems using Cross-Laminated-Timber (CLT) walls or tim ber frames (platform frame and heavy frame). Despite this development, sei smic design practices remain incomplete. In particular a ppropriate force modification factors (q-factors) used for the design of innovative construction ty pologies need to be determ ined. Available seism ic codes provide the q-factor only for stan...

Snapshot of the Carbon Sequestration Certification Market Ecosystem
https://osf.io/fu59w... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Stephanie Arcusa, Starry Sprenkle-Hyppolite
Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and carbon sequestration will be necessary to fulfill the hundreds of pledges to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. As with any industry, standard methodologies and certification are crucial to guarantee successful, equitable, and safe activities. However, buyers currently face challenges in evaluating their purchases of “carbon sequestration certificates”. The issue is not with CDR itself, nor with individual certifications – some of which may be very robust – but wit...

The impact of Jin Mao Tower on life-cycle civil engineering of tall buildings
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/157324... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2021
Mark P. Sarkisian
By 2030 the World Green Building Council has put forth a challenge that all buildings shall be designed for net zero operational carbon and by 2050 net zero embodied carbon. The construction of the Jin Mao Tower 20 years ago was unique for several reasons and ideas have resulted in progress toward those goals. At the time, it was the tallest building in China, one that resulted in re-writing the Chinese code for wind and seismic engineering but perhaps most importantly inspired the design of oth...

Delamination and char fall-off in fire exposed cross-laminated timber loaded in shear
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356838044... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2021
Antonela Čolić, Felix Wiesner, Luke Bisby, Juan P. Hidalgo
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a structural composite. Composite action is ensured by the adhesive-timber interaction. As this interaction in fire conditions is weakened due to softening and decomposition of the adhesives, the glued timber layer partially or completely detaches as a result of the glue line integrity failure, potentially leading to delamination and/or char fall off. In this study, a novel methodology is used to study the bond line performance at elevated temperature. CLT blocks ...