Influence of the connector shape parameters in the structural behaviour of the adhesive- free timber floor panels
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
Gonzalo Moltini, Vanesa Baño
Timber-to-timber panels (TTPs) are adhesive- and steel-free structural components formed by carpentry joints of Scots pine to be used as floors. Figure 1 shows a schematic on the TTPs and a detail on the connectors. A numerical model simulating bending tests on TTPs and considering timber as an orthotropic and bi-modulus material was validated from experimental results of deflection, and rolling shear strength. Since the serviceability and ultimate limit states of the TTPs was mainly defined by ...

A risk-based approach for timber building decay prediction
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2022
Andrea Gaspari, Ivan Giongo, Maurizio Piazza
The durability of timber structures subjected to biotic attacks is becoming of increasing concern due to several recent examples of failures caused by early degradation. Therefore, the design process of a timber building cannot prescind from accounting for the possible degradation due to biotic attack, especially in light of the recent spread of high-rise timber buildings. Furthermore, it is of extreme importance that reliable models to foresee possible sources of degradation in existing buildin...

Development of a modified standard termite test for mass timber products
https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/31... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2017
Tamara S.F.A. Franca C. Elizabeth Stokes Juliet Tang
U.S. manufacturers are looking to expand the use of cross laminated timber panels (CLT) into the North American market, including states located in the southeast. However, there is no current assessment method for determining CLT vulnerability to the highly destructive native termites found throughout the U.S. The impact of these termites is particularly high in areas with suitable climate to their proliferation, such as the southeastern U.S. This study aimed to evaluate durability of CLT panels...

Optimization of the structural coupling between RC frames, CLT shear walls and asymmetric friction connections
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10518-0... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
Angelo Aloisio, Matteo Pelliciari, Stefano Sirotti, Francesco Boggian & Roberto Tomasi
This paper focuses on the optimum design of the e-CLT technology. The e-CLT technology consists in adding cross laminated timber (CLT) walls to an existing reinforced concrete (RC) infilled frame via asymmetric friction connection (AFC). The authors carried out quasi-static and nonlinear dynamic analyses. The RC frame is modeled in OpenSees by fiber-section-based elements with force-based formulation. The contribution of the infill is simulated using a degrading data-driven Bouc–Wen model with a...

Optimization of the structural coupling between RC frames, CLT shear walls and asymmetric friction connections
https://iris.unimore.it/handle/11380/1265853... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
loisio, A.; Pelliciari, M.; Sirotti, S.; Boggian, F.; Tomasi, R.
This paper focuses on the optimum design of the e-CLT technology. The e-CLT technology consists in adding cross laminated timber (CLT) walls to an existing reinforced concrete (RC) infilled frame via asymmetric friction connection (AFC). The authors carried out quasi-static and nonlinear dynamic analyses. The RC frame is modeled in OpenSees by fiber-section-based elements with force-based formulation. The contribution of the infill is simulated using a degrading data-driven Bouc–Wen model with a...

Current Practice and Potential Associated with Timber-Based Solutions for Buildings Retrofitting
https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/7/2/25/htm... [Other] [Journal Article] 2022
C Meireis, FS Serino, C Maia, AC Fontes, JM Branco
Current buildings are responsible for the highest energy consumption, exceeding polluting sectors such as industry and transports. In Portugal, a large part of the building stock was built in the 1970s and 1980s, but buildings dated from the 1960s and 1970s are the ones with the most anomalies and worst quality of construction and, therefore, worst energy performance. The renovation of those buildings can represent an excellent opportunity to correct and improve their energy deficiency and, with...

Assessing the structural behaviour of glued-laminated timber beams using distributed strain sensing
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Jodie Goodwin, Joshua E.Woods, Neil A.Hoult
Global efforts to reduce the environmental impact of the construction industry have fueled the use of mass timber as a building material. However, the behaviour of mass timber elements is not fully understood, including the effects of localized anomalies (e.g., knots and joints) on global structural performance. To address this need, this study uses distributed fibre optic sensors (DFOS) to better understand the structural behaviour of mass timber elements through the testing of three glued-lami...

Validation and application of rational tying method for robustness design of post-and-beam timber buildings
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [Other] [Journal Article] 2022
P Martinelli, BA Izzuddin
The lack of reliable tying methods for the design of low and medium-rise mass timber buildings with regard to progressive collapse constitutes a strong limitation for the timber structural engineering community. In this context, the current work aims to validate and apply a recently developed rational tying force method for robustness design of post-and-beam timber buildings falling in low and medium consequence classes. This rational tying force method, which considers the requisite resistance ...

Quality traits of plantation Eucalyptus nitens logs impacting volume and value recovery of structural sawn boards
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-0... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2022
M Balasso, M Hunt, A Jacobs, J O'Reilly-Wapstra
Plantations of Eucalyptus species are planted and grown worldwide for short rotations and with limited silvicultural treatments mostly to produce pulplogs for the pulp and paper industry. These resources could be used as raw material for construction timber, to support the increasing need of renewable resources from the building sector. To use fast-grown Eucalyptus logs as a source of sawn timber log grading standards are needed, which can be developed accounting for log characteristics impactin...

Material Programming for Fabrication
https://www.icd.uni-stuttgart.de/research/doctoral... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2016
Dylan Wood
Form and structure play critical roles in architecture yet the processes required to produce performative geometries often require tremendous resources and physical effort. Advances in computational design and the programming of digital fabrication machines have increased variety, precision and automation in the production of building components. However, the underlying processes of generating material form still rely predominantly on brute force methods of shaping. This research presents an alt...

Life Cycle Regional Economic Impacts of Bridge Repair Using Cross-Laminated Timber Floor Slabs: A Case Study in Akita Prefecture, Japan
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/2/158... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Tomohumi Huzita, Takanobu Sasaki, Shogo Araki, Chihiro Kayo
Recently, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has attracted attention as a civil engineering material in Japan. In particular, the use of CLT floor slabs for bridge repair is expected to have regional economic impacts throughout their life cycle, but their economic impacts have not been evaluated. In this study, the life cycle regional economic impacts of using non-waterproofed CLT, waterproofed CLT, and reinforced concrete (RC) floor slabs for bridge repair in Akita Prefecture, Japan, were compared. U...

Backgrounds of CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) diffusion and its acoustic performance
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jasj/77/12/77... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Atsuo Hiramitsu
...

What Is the Impact of Mass Timber Utilization on Climate and Forests?
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/2/758... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Pasternack, R.; Wishnie, M.; Clarke, C.; Wang, Y.; Belair, E.; Marshall, S.; Gu, H.; Nepal, P.; Dolezal, F.; Lomax, G.; Johnston, C.; Felmer, G.; Morales-Vera, R.; Puettmann, M.; Van den Huevel, R.
As the need to address climate change grows more urgent, policymakers, businesses, and others are seeking innovative approaches to remove carbon dioxide emissions from the atmosphere and decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors. Forests can play a role in reducing atmospheric carbon. However, there is disagreement over whether forests are most effective in reducing carbon emissions when left alone versus managed for sustainable harvesting and wood product production. Cross-laminated timber is at the fo...

Contemporary and Novel Hold-Down Solutions for Mass Timber Shear Walls
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/2/202... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
Tannert, T.; Loss, C.
‘Mass timber’ engineered wood products in general, and cross-laminated timber in particular, are gaining popularity in residential, non-residential, as well as mid- and high-rise structural applications. These applications include lateral force-resisting systems, such as shear walls. The prospect of building larger and taller timber buildings creates structural design challenges; one of them being that lateral forces from wind and earthquakes are larger and create higher demands on the ‘hold-dow...

Models for the calculation of the withdrawal capacity of self-tapping screws
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/100001553... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2009
Frese, Matthias; Blaß, Hans Joachim
Equations to calculate the withdrawal capacity of self-tapping screws, arranged in softwood, were determined. Based on results of 1850 withdrawal tests and by means of a regression analysis one equation for the withdrawal resistance and two further equations for the withdrawal parameter (resistance over nominal screw diameter and penetration depth) were derived. Nominal screw diameter, penetration depth and characteristic density of the softwood used are the independent variables in the equation...

Design of an Experimental Set-up to Capture the Dynamic Response of Mass Timber Post-and-Beam Systems Under a Column Removal Scenario
https://www.springerprofessional.de/design-of-an-e... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2021
X. Cheng, B. P. Gilbert, H. Guan, I. D. Underhill, H. Karampour
Mid-rise to tall mass timber buildings are required to be designed for progressive collapse, as specified in the Australian National Construction Code (NCC). Owing to the computational complexity of nonlinear dynamic procedures, static procedures are usually adopted in the design practice. To take into account of the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics of progressive collapse, the current design guidelines, such as DoD [6] and GSA [9], suggest multiplying the static responses by a dynamic incr...

Experimental investigations on the load-carrying capacity of digitally produced wood-wood connections
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2020
Julien Gamerro, Jean Francois Bocquet, Yves Weinand
The rise of digital fabrication has increased the use of wood-wood connections inspired by traditional carpentry in modern timber constructions. With recent developments on standard construction systems, the mechanical behavior of such joints for in-plane loading configurations is an essential parameter for the structural design. However, only few design guidelines exist on this topic in building codes such as Eurocode 5 and research has been mainly focused on the rotational behavior, which is i...

Performance based seismic design of cross laminated timber tall buildings with inter-story isolation system
https://mountainscholar.org/handle/11124/172136... [Markets] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2018
Bolvardi, Vahab
This research project aspires to make truly tall timber buildings a reality. Through a combination of theoretical design and physical testing this research demonstrates the viability of timber buildings at much greater heights than has previously been possible. By pushing the limits of theoretical designs into the realms of the supertall, sometimes beyond that which is feasible using current materials and construction technologies, this research also sets out the requirements for the next genera...

Super Tall Timber: design research for the next generation of natural structure
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13602... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2017
Ramage, Michael, Foster, Robert Smith, Simon Flanagan, Kevin Bakker, Ron
This research project aspires to make truly tall timber buildings a reality. Through a combination of theoretical design and physical testing this research demonstrates the viability of timber buildings at much greater heights than has previously been possible. By pushing the limits of theoretical designs into the realms of the supertall, sometimes beyond that which is feasible using current materials and construction technologies, this research also sets out the requirements for the next genera...

Experimental testing and analytical modelling of single and double post-tensioned CLT shear walls
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Justin R. Brown, Minghao Li, Alessandro Palermo, Stefano Pampanin, Francesco Sarti, Roger Nokes
Post-tensioned (PT) timber technology - also called Pres-Lam technology - can provide increased strength/stiffness for mass timber seismic load resisting systems while also providing energy dissipation and re-centering capabilities. Initial experimental tests and practical implementation on PT timber structures in the past 15 years primarily utilized laminated veneer lumber (LVL), with some glulam and cross-laminated timber (CLT) prototypes and real-case applications, and their analytical predic...