Understanding the Impacts of Plant Capacities and Uncertainties on the Techno-Economic Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Production in the Southern U.S.
https://www.techscience.com/jrm/v10n1/43988... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2021
Zhenzhen Zhang, Kai Lan
Understanding the economic feasibility of cross-laminated timber (CLT), an emerging and sustainable alternative to concrete and steel, is critical for the rapid expansion of the mass timber industry. However, previous studies on economic performance of CLT have not fully considered the variations in the feedstock, plant capacities, manufacturing parameters, and capital and operating costs. This study fills this gap by developing a techno-economic analysis of producing CLT panels in the Southern ...

Monitoring imbibition dynamics at tissue level in Norway spruce using X-ray imaging
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hf-... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2021
Benoît Martin, Julien Colin, Pin Lu, Mahamadou Mounkaila, Joel Casalinho, Patrick Perré, Romain Rémond
The study of moisture migration in Norway Spruce may reduce the discrepancy between measurements and simulations of transfers in buildings and thus be helpful for improving their performance and durability. For this purpose, X-ray imaging was used to study moisture migration in Norway spruce during imbibition at tissue level. Moisture content kinetics in earlywood and latewood, based on X-ray attenuation, was observed and measured through rigorous protocol. The imbibition process was studied in ...

In-Plane Shear Cyclic Performance of Spline Cross-Laminated Timber-Concrete Composite Diaphragms
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2021
Bradly Taylor, Andre R. Barbosa, Arijit Sinha
Over the past decade, cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels have gained popularity worldwide. To achieve larger spans and to increase the resistance to diaphragm seismic and wind forces to be transferred through CLT floor or roof systems, CLT-concrete composite (CCC) floors have been developed as an alternative. While significant testing has been performed under gravity loading, limited experimental data exist on the in-plane performance of CCC systems. This study presents results from an experime...

On the distribution of internal forces in single-storey CLT symmetric shear-walls with openings
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Daniele Casagrande, Riccardo Fanti, Marco Greco, Igor Gavric, Andrea Polastri
This paper presents a numerical and analytical study on single-storey cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear-walls with openings subjected to lateral loads. The main objective was to investigate the location and distribution of maximum values of axial and shear forces in relevant wall sections. The influence of parameters such as wall geometry (different sizes of wall openings, door openings, lintel/parapet lengths and heights, wall thickness) and different stiffness levels of mechanical anchors for...

Cross-Laminated Timber: A Review on Its Characteristics and an Introduction to Chinese Practices
https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/77530... [Markets] [Book/Book Section] 2021
Zhiqiang Wang, Tianxiao Yin
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a popular engineering wood product in recent years. It has some characteristics of configuration and mechanical properties, which makes it an excellent building material for floor, roof and other places. In Europe and North America, lots of middle and high-rise buildings have adopted CLT as their main structural component. CLT has recently been used to construct public buildings in China. As a building material, the lower rolling shear properties of CLT has always...

Seismic Analysis of Hybrid Steel Moment Frame CLT Shear Walls Structures
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Mehdi Khajehpour, Yuxin Pan, Thomas Tannert
Moderately ductile steel moment frames (SMF) are a common lateral load resisting system (LLRS). They allow for a flexible architectural design for low- and mid-rise buildings but become uneconomical for high-rises due to the large member sections to satisfy the drift requirement. In contrast, lightweight cross laminated timber (CLT) shear walls provide adequate stiffness for resisting lateral loads and controlling drift in high-rise construction. A hybrid structural system combining SMF with bal...

Structural Performance Characterization of Mass Plywood Panels
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2021
Rajendra Soti, Tu X. Ho, Arijit Sinha
Mass plywood panel (MPP) is a veneer-based engineered wood product that recently was introduced in the mass-timber construction industry. Preliminary studies show that MPPs can be a preferred construction material for shear walls, floor diaphragms, and roof assemblies. However, no design guide exists regarding the use of MPPs as structural elements. This is compounded by a lack of engineering properties and parameters needed beyond the generic values provided in the product report. To assess the...

Mid-Rise Mass Timber in the Contemporary Workplace
https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/Arch... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Griffiths, Shannon
Mass timber, proven to be a sustainable and attractive material for urban construction has found little success in the mid-rise market and even less so in the commercial sector. Imitating the structural language of traditional steel and concrete material systems, the inherent material properties and tectonics of mass timber have not been fully explored to the detriment of its wider adoption. Similarly, contemporary workplace concepts such as Activity Based Working (ABW), although aiming to facil...

Cross-laminated timber: Perspectives from a bibliometric analysis (2006–2018)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [General Information] [Journal Article] 2021
Ricardo Abejón, Laura Moya
A bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify research trends related to cross-laminated timber (CLT) from 2006, when the earliest publication was found, to 2018. The analysis revealed a rapidly increasing number of annual publications, great contribution of conference papers to the total scientific production regarding this topic, a high degree of transdisciplinary collaboration, and a particularly remarkable contribution by Canada and Italy. The applied bibliometric ...

Lightweight and slender timber-concrete composite floors made of CLT-HPC and CLT-UHPC with ductile notch connectors
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2021
Serge Lamothe, Luca Sorelli, Pierre Blanchet, Philippe Galimard
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) structures have been emerging worldwide for residential floors in multi-storey buildings thanks to their lightness, fast construction and low ecological footprint. This work aims at fostering this application, which is often limited by vibrational and deflection limits, by investigating composite slab floors made of CLT and High-Performance Concrete (HPC) slab as well as CLT and Ultra High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC). Firstly, the composite floors...

Wooden Additional Floors in Old Apartment Buildings: Perspectives of Housing and Real Estate Companies from Finland
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/11/8/316... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2021
Markku Karjalainen, Hüseyin Emre Ilgın, Dennis Somelar
This paper examined various stages and advantages of wooden additional floors from the perspective of Finnish housing and real estate companies through interviews with professionals involved in these projects. Main findings highlighted: (1) commercial conditions should be carefully analyzed for return on investment; (2) city plan change and the presence of a potential contractor and an expert were generally considered important issues; (3) considerations regarding city planning, parking spaces, ...

Wooden Additional Floors in Old Apartment Buildings: Perspectives of Housing and Real Estate Companies from Finland
https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/buildings/buildi... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2021
Markku Karjalainen, Hüseyin Emre Ilgın, Dennis Somelar
This paper examined various stages and advantages of wooden additional floors from the perspective of Finnish housing and real estate companies through interviews with professionals involved in these projects. Main findings highlighted: (1) commercial conditions should be carefully analyzed for return on investment; (2) city plan change and the presence of a potential contractor and an expert were generally considered important issues; (3) considerations regarding city planning, parking spaces, ...

Mid-Rise Mass Timber in the Contemporary Workplace
https://anzasca.net/paper/mid-rise-mass-timber-in-... [Markets] [Conference Paper] 2021
Griffiths, Shannon Bridget; Donn, Michael; Merwood-Salisbury, Joanna; Woodbury, Mark
Mass timber construction, although an alternative construction method currently, is in the beginnings of a resurgence. Quick to erect, prefabrication friendly, light weight and sustainable – timber is an attractive material for urban construction. Presently, the body of knowledge on timber design is highly focused on technology, leaving absent from the discussion the spatial, functional or architectural implications of timber structures. While timber products are used extensively for low rise ho...

Mid-Rise Mass Timber in the Contemporary Workplace
https://anzasca.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/77-... [Markets] [other]
Shannon Bridget Griffiths, Michael Donn, Joanna Merwood-Salisbury, Marc Woodbury, 1Victoria null, null,
Mass timber construction, although an alternative construction method currently, is in the beginnings of a resurgence. Quick to erect, prefabrication friendly, light weight and sustainable-timber is an attractive material for urban construction. Presently, the body of knowledge on timber design is highly focused on technology, leaving absent from the discussion the spatial, functional or architectural implications of timber structures. While timber products are used extensively for low rise hous...

Bond strength of GiR in cross-laminated timber: A preliminary study
https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/scholarlywork/... [Bonding/Adhesives] [Journal Article] 2021
M Sofi, E Lumantarna, R Hoult, M Mooney, N Mason, J Lu
The popularity of cross-laminated timber (CLT) has increased significantly over recent years, with numerous low- to mid-rise buildings being constructed with CLT panels as the load-bearing structural system. Glued-in rods (GiR) have been used in the construction and retrofitting of timber structures and recently found its use in CLT elements. Embedded into the timber with structural grade adhesives, GiR enable stiff connections between timber and other structural members. Due to the complex forc...

Airborne and impact sound performance of modern lightweight timber buildings in the Australian construction industry
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Amitha Jayalath, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, Tharaka Gunawardena, Priyan Mendis, Lu Aye
Timber usage in the Australian construction industry has significantly increased due to its strength, aesthetic properties and extended allowances recently introduced in building codes. However, issues with acoustic performance of lightweight timber buildings were reported due to their inherit product variability and varying construction methods. This article reviews the recent literature on the transmissions of impact and airborne sounds, flanking transmission of timber buildings, and the state...

Bending Stiffness and Load–Deflection Response Prediction of Mass Timber Panel–Concrete Composite Floor System with Mechanical Connectors
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2021
Md Abdul Hamid Mirdad, Ying Hei Chui, Douglas Tomlinson, Yuxiang Chen
Mass timber panel–concrete (MTPC) composite floor systems are currently the preferred choice of designers for multistory modern mass timber construction. An analytical model for one-way-acting composite panels has been developed to predict the effective bending stiffness and load–deflection response of MTPC composite floor systems by considering the elastic-plastic behavior of interlayer connectors and the presence of a soft acoustic layer between concrete and timber. One-way-acting composite fl...

Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a High-Rise Mass Timber Building: A Case Study in Pacific Northwestern United States
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7831... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Shaobo Liang, Hongmei Gu, Richard Bergman
Global construction industry has a huge influence on world primary energy consumption, spending, and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. To better understand these factors for mass timber construction, this work quantified the life cycle environmental and economic performances of a high-rise mass timber building in U.S. Pacific Northwest region through the use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Using the TRACI impact category method, the cradle-to-grave LCA results ...

Application of screw reinforcement in the slotted-in bamboo-steel-bamboo connections
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2021
Z. Lia, C. Wang, R. Wang
This research presents the mechanical performance of self-tapping screw-reinforced slotted-in bamboo-steel-bamboo (BSB) connections and the corresponding capacity models. The yield strength of self-tapping screws (STS) and bolts commonly used in practical constructions were obtained through the three-point bending tests. The withdrawal tests of the screws from the engineered bamboo panels were reported. The BSB connections using STS reinforcement in different positions were studied, and the perf...

Cross-Laminated Timber Use Scales New Heights in UK
https://www.enr.com/articles/38404-cross-laminated... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2015
Peter Reina
Cross-laminated timber panels are becoming commonplace in small buildings in continental Europe, but the technology now is reaching new heights in the U.K. A 33.3-meter-high residential building in London will, say its designers, be the world’s tallest to use the innovative material structurally....