Dynamic characteristics of CLT panels: computer modelling and simulations
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-89... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
Kozarić, L., Purčar, M.V., Tekic, Z., Bešević, M. and Zivković, S.
The fundamental vibration frequency and deflections due to the unit static force of the cross-laminated timber panels of different heights and spans were calculated. The calculation of the effective flexural rigidity was performed by the Gamma method. Obtained values are compared with the values obtained by modeling the construction in the Ansys software package. Three types of floor panels were analyzed with the same combinations of layer thicknesses in the cross section, but with different num...

Evaluating timoshenko method for analyzing CLT under out-of-plane loading
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/10/10/184... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2020
Rahman, M.D., Ashraf, M., Ghabraie, K. and Subhani, M.
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood product made up of layers of structurally graded timber, where subsequent layers are oriented orthogonally to each other. In CLT, the layers oriented in transverse direction, generally termed as cross-layer, are subjected to shear in radial–tangential plane, which is commonly known as rolling shear. As the shear modulus of cross-layers is significantly lower than that in other planes, CLT exhibits higher shear deformation under out-of-plane load...

Bending Creep Properties of Cross-Laminated Wood Panels Made with Tropical Hardwood and Domestic Temperate Wood
https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO2020282... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2020
Park, H.M., Gong, D.M., Shin, M.G. and Byeon, H.S.
For efficient use and expansion of domestic small- and medium-diameter woods, cross-laminated wood panels composed of tropical hardwoods and domestic temperate woods were fabricated, and the bending creep behavior under long-term loading was investigated. The bending creep curve of the cross-laminated wood panels showed an exponential function graph with a sharp increase at the top right side. The wood panel composed of a teak top layer and larch core and bottom layers recorded the highest initi...

Reinforcement of flexural performance of screwed cross laminated timber (CLT) panels constructed of poplar by aluminum sheet and glass fiber reinforced polymer wrap
https://jfwp.ut.ac.ir/article_78601_en.html?lang=e... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2020
Akbar Rostampour Haftkhani, Ali Shokrvand Shakiba
In this study, flexural reinforcement of 3-layer screwed CLT made of poplar (Populous alba) and polyurethane glue was investigated. Static bending test was performed by Instron according to ASTM D4761. The variables of this study were types of reinforcing (aluminum sheet and glass fiber reinforcement polymer (GFRP) wrap) and arrangements of reinforcers (no.1: bonded on the bottom (tension) side; no.2: bonded on the bottom and top (tension and compression side); no.3: bonded on the bottom, top an...

High Performance Connections to Mitigate Seismic Damage in Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344427238... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2020
Smiroldo, F., Gaspari, A., Viel, D., Piazza, M. and Giongo, I.
The present study proposes a new connection system for Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) structures in earthquake prone areas. The system is suitable for creating wall-floor-wall and wall-foundation connections, where each connection device can transfer both shear and tension forces, thus replacing the role of traditional hold downs and angle brackets, and eliminating possible uncertainty on the load paths and on the force-transfer mechanism. For design earthquakes intensity, the proposed system is d...

Assessment of Cross Laminated Timber Markets for Hardwood Lumber
https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/103013... [Raw Materials] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
Adhikari, Sailesh
This research aims to expand the hardwood lumber consumption in the US by evaluating the opportunity to manufacture cross-laminated timber (CLTs). First, CLT manufacturing industries were visited to know their current capacity to process hardwood lumber. The results suggest that all three CLT industries had sufficient technology to produce hardwood CLTs, and the production was mainly limited by the quality and quantity of lumber available. Commercially hardwood can be used in CLT manufacturing i...

Potential for decay in mass timber elements: A review of the risks and identifying possible solutions
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2020
Jed Cappellazzi, Matthew J. Konkler, Arijit Sinha, Jeffrey J. Morrell
Mass timber represents a range of composite materials, including glued- or nail-laminated timber, cross-laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, and mass plywood panels that are increasingly used to construct multi-story structures. The potential of these wood materials has energized the architectural and engineering communities as they seek less energy-intensive building materials. However, performance optimization of mass timber buildings will require careful consideration of the potential e...

Towards experimental and numerical assessment of the vibrational serviceability comfort of adhesive free laminated timber beams and CLT panels assembled using compressed wood dowels
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2020
Bui, T.A., Oudjene, M., Lardeur, P., Khelifa, M. and Rogaume, Y.
This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on the vibrational serviceability performance of novel adhesive free engineered wood products (AFEWPs), namely adhesive free laminated timber beams (AFLB) and adhesive free cross-laminated timber panels (AFCLT), assembled through thermo-mechanically compressed wood dowels (CWD). The laminations composing the AFEWPs are made of oak timber while the CWD are made of spruce. The experimental modal analyses were carried out under free-free...

Characteristic of cross laminated timber (CLT) from thinned platinum teak and oil palm stem waste.
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20203... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2020
Triwibowo, D., Sejati, P.S., Gopar, M., Akbar, F., Purnomo, D., Kusumah, S.S., Amin, Y. and Dwianto, W.
The aim of this study was to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Cross laminated timber (CLT) made from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis. Jacq) stem waste combined with thinned platinum teak (Tectona grandis) wood. CLT was made into two types, namely CLT type A (teak-palm-teak) and CLT type B (teak-teak-teak). The CLT was 150 cm in length and 20 cm in width, with variation of the thickness of 3,0 cm, 4,5 cm, and 6,0 cm, and the glue spread of 300 g/m2. The results showed that CLT typ...

Engineering ductile notch connections for composite floors made of laminated timber and high or ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2020
Lamothe, S., Sorelli, L., Blanchet, P. and Galimard, P.
Different kinds of ductile connectors have been lately developed for enhancing the structural ductility of Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) structures. In particular, ductile notch connections can be designed by favoring the local compression failure of wood fibers. This work aims at further developing economic and ductile notch connector by considering different floor systems made of Glulam Laminated Timber (GLT) beam or Cross Laminated Timber (GLT or CLT) slab connected with a High Performance ...

Low-rise Cross Laminated Bamboo and Timber Building Design
http://www.i-asem.org/publication_conf/structures2... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Conference Paper] 2020
S. Dong, Y. Xiao
Cross laminated bamboo and timber (abbreviated as CLBT or CLTB) is an unconventional engineering material developed by the authors, with inspiration from the success and spread of cross laminated timber (CLT). It has the potential advantages of high construction efficiency, wide raw material source, good mechanical properties and environmental protection due to the combination of fast grown species of wood and bamboo, particularly in regions with rich resources of bamboo however short of high q...

Mass-timber Construction in Australia: Is CLT the only answer?
https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2020
Robert L. McGavin, Tony Dakin, Jon Shanks
Wood-based mass-panels (WBMP) are emerging as an attractive construction product for large-scale residential and commercial construction. Australia is following the lead of Europe and North America with several recent projects being completed using predominately cross-laminated timber panels (CLT). These sawn timber-based panels offer some key advantages to the construction and sawmilling industry. However, veneer-based mass-panel (VBMP) systems could offer additional benefits including the more...

Vibrations in cross-laminated timber floors: Examining standards
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=d... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
L Svensson, E Berghem
The report aims to investigate norms, standards, guidelines and experience within the industry for how to design CLT (cross-laminated timber) regarding vibrations induced from humans. The following is being researched, ISO137, KL-trähandboken, Eurocode 5 and a new unpublished working draft of Eurocode 5 final working draft, Canadian CLT handbook and Cross-laminated timber structural design according to Eurocode from Austria.The conclusion is that the literature for CLT is non-existent in the cur...

Wood consumption and fixations of carbon dioxide and carbon from timber housing techniques: A Brazilian panorama
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
De Araujo, V., Vasconcelos, J., Cortez-Barbosa, J., Morales, E., Christoforo, A., Gava, M., Lahr, F. and Garcia, J.
This paper evaluated lignocellulosic biomass volume, in net and gross forms, consumed by Brazilian wood-based housing producers by building technique, as well as net volumes of fixed carbon and carbon dioxide by built area. Net volumetric values of consumed wood per available technique were obtained for single-story house with 100 m2 of built area, whose data collection was supported by face-to-face interviews with Brazilian producers. Gross volumes were obtained according to wood machining yiel...

A Method to Characterize Biological Degradation of Mass Timber Connections
https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/29... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2020
Arijit Sinha, Kenneth E. Udele, Jed Cappellazzi, Jeff J Morrell
Biological durability issues in cross-laminated timber (CLT) have been majorly ignored in North America because of the European origin of the material and careful construction practices in Europe. However, the risks of fungal and insect attacks are increased by the North American climatic conditions and lack of job-site measures to keep the material dry. The methods to evaluate durability in solid timber are inadequate for use in mass timber (MT) for a number of reasons, such as moisture variat...

Comparative life-cycle assessment of a mass timber building and concrete alternative
https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/60137... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
Shaobo Liang; Hongmei Gu; Richard Bergman; Stephen S. Kelley
The US housing construction market consumes vast amounts of resources, with most structural elements derived from wood, a renewable and sustainable resource. The same cannot be said for all nonresidential or high-rise buildings, which are primarily made of concrete and steel. As part of continuous environmental improvement processes, building life-cycle assessment (LCA) is a useful tool to compare the environmental footprint of building structures. This study is a comparative LCA of an 8360-m2, ...

Combining a Ground Floor Timber Structure with a Modular Building System in Urban Environments
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/9780784483... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2020
Emanuel Johansson; Linus Andersson; Wiktor Dahlbom; Gustav Jansson,
Combining a modular building system for multi-apartment blocks with another building system explores the possibility to construct a ground floor level more suitable for urban environments. Two building systems are conceptually explored and analyzed for this purpose. Solid boards made of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and a post-and-beam framework made of glue laminated timber (GLT). The aim is to determine which of the mentioned structures is the most suitable. CLT and GLT both proves to be practi...

Mass Timber Acoustics Design: A Solved Challenge?
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ince/inc... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2020
McLain, Ricky
While laboratory measurements of the impact and airborne sound isolation of traditional building assemblies are widely available, few publicly available resources quantify and catalog the acoustic performance of mass timber assemblies, including cross-laminated timber (CLT) and nail-laminated timber (NLT) systems. Adding to the challenge, mass timber assemblies are typically much lighter in weight than assemblies of other materials of similar thickness. To assist in the acoustical design of succ...

Potential of Softwood Engineered Timber With Graphene
https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=c... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2019
K. GabrielW. Karunasena, R. Cherry
The use of innovative materials such as graphene could provide an opportunity for low grade timber to be further utilised in engineered timber products by increasing the mechanical performance and predictability. Finite element analysis software with first order shear deformable theory is used to investigate the bending behaviour of cross laminated timber (CLT) panels reinforced with a graphene nanoplatelet (GPLs)/epoxy composite. The effective Young’s modulus for the reinforcing layers is deter...

Earthquake resistant timber panelised structures with resilient connections
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
AshkanHashemi, Pouyan Zarnani, Pierre Quenneville
Timber panelised structures with platform style of construction are favoured by engineers and researchers due to their positive characteristics such as straightforward installation process, relatively high strength to mass ratio and architecturally favoured properties. In the platform style of construction, floors are stacked on top of each other so that each level is constructed on load-bearing walls, creating a platform for the next floor. Recent researches on timber platform buildings made wi...