Feasibility of Cross Laminated Timber Panels in Construction: A Case Study of Carbon12
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cmsp/394/... [Markets] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
Erik John Graber
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is an extremely strong engineered wood panel intended for roof, floor, or wall applications. Currently there is little research comparing CLT to steel and concrete, materials CLT hopes to replace This research uses a detailed literary analysis on CLT and case study on Carbon12, a recently constructed CLT structure in Portland, Oregon, to compare the cost and schedule requirements of CLT with a cast-in-place concrete slab. The case study consisted of a detailed analys...

Experimental study on floor impact sound reduction by double ceiling system with cross laminated timber panels
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ince/inc... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
Kasai, Yusuke; Tanaka, Manabu; Murakami, Tsuyoshi
Aiming to improve the floor impact sound insulation of cross laminated timber (=CLT) floor slabs, authors proposed double ceiling systems with CLT panels of its thickness 90mm. CLT floor slab and several variations of CLT ceiling specimens were installed in the laboratory, and their floor impact sound levels were measured. Results of those experiments are as follows. (1) In case of a CLT double ceiling with 120mm air cavity and closed, approximately 10dB improvement was observed only in light fl...

Key considerations of cross-laminated timber (CLT) for high-rise construction in Australia: A review
https://eprints.qut.edu.au/199528... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2020
Gilbert, Beau, Skitmore, Martin, Ali, Yousuf, & Gray, Jason
The world is heading towards a more sustainable outlook, and products such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) provide real options for lowering the environmental impact of future projects. Although, multi-storey CLT structures are in the early phase of development and their uses are on the rise, research related to CLT is fragmented and in need of an integrated critical analysis. This paper aims to address the effect of CLT on the high-rise construction industry in Australia in the light of worldwi...

Greenhouse gas emissions performance of cross laminated timber construction using hybrid life cycle assessment
https://anzasca.net/paper/greenhouse-gas-emissions... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2020
Cadorel, Xavier; Crawford, Robert
Numerous studies have investigated the environmental benefits of cross laminated timber (CLT) construction in comparison to conventional construction, typically using a life cycle assessment (LCA). Yet, there is a need for further in-depth analysis of the environmental performance of CLT construction using a more comprehensive approach, in order to provide a more realistic estimation of the potential for CLT construction to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with buildings. This re...

A Post-tensioned Cross-Laminated Timber core for buildings
https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uui... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
Znabei, Tigist
This master thesis is on post-tensioning cross-laminated timber stability cores for multiple story buildings. When designing a CLT core, significantly larger core sections will be needed than when designing a stabilizing core in concrete. This is for one part due to the limited stiffness of the CLT compared to concrete. For another part it is due to the limited stiffness of connectors in CLT. Sliding and uplift can occur in connections in CLT loaded in tension and shear respectively. The CLT pan...

Decision-Making for Cross-Laminated Timber Modular Construction Logistics Using Discrete-Event Simulation
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduat... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
Abiri, Bahar
The two primary considerations for construction project management are budget and time management. Modular construction has the potential to improve construction productivity by minimizing time and costs while improving safety and quality. Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels are beneficial for modular construction due to the high level of prefabrication, adequate dimensional stability, and good mechanical performance that they provide. Accordingly, CLT modular construction can be a feasible way ...

Effects of mechancal uncertainties on dynamic properties of cross-laminated timber floors
https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2090... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2020
Milojević, M., Nefovska-Danilović, M., Živanović, S. and Marjanović, M.
This paper investigates the effects of material properties (mass density, elastic and shear moduli) on dynamic properties of simply-supported CLT floors (natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal mass). Uncertainty quantification analysis has been carried out based on Monte Carlo simulations by varying material properties. Numerical modelling and analysis of the investigated CLT floors has been performed using finite element models in Abaqus CAE. The results show that uncertain mechanical param...

Connection details between Composite Beam and Cross-Laminated Timber slab
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/3349... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
Pavel Zhukov
The aim of the Bachelor’s thesis was to describe and evaluate the most common connection details between steel-concrete composite (SCC) beam DELTABEAM® and Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) slab in two variations: with and without concrete topping. The purpose of the thesis was to provide a basis for future studies that are to expand the CLT range of appliance in Finland. The thesis was based on a theoretical description of the four different connectors that utilize the same working principles as the...

Mechanical Experimental Study on Tensile Bolted Connections of Crosslaminated Timber
https://www.techscience.com/sdhm/v14n1/38467... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2020
Chenxiao Su, Haibei Xiong
In order to explore a kind of high-strength, earthquake-resistant, economical and suitable connection, 4 groups of cross-laminated timber wall-to-floor and wall-to-wall bolted connections were tested under monotonic and cyclic loading. The deformation characteristics and failure modes of the cross-laminated timber wall-to-floor and wall-to-wall bolted connections were exploited. Load-slip curves, bearing capacity, yielding point, stiffness and ductility of each group of specimens were analyzed. ...

Diagrams for stress and deflection prediction in cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels with non-classical boundary conditions
https://grafar.grf.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1975?... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2020
Obradović, N., Todorović, M., Marjanović, M. and Damnjanović, E.
Invention of cross-laminated timber (CLT) was a big milestone for building with wood. Due to novelty of CLT and timber’s complex mechanical behavior, the existing design codes cover only rectangular CLT panels, simply supported along 2 parallel or all 4 edges, making numerical methods necessary in other cases. This paper presents a practical engineering tool for stress and deflection prediction of CLT panels with non-classical boundary conditions, based on the software for the computational anal...

Flexural performance of cross-laminated timber made out of poplar reinforced with nail and screw
http://www.ijwp.ir/article_40369.html?lang=en... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2020
Rostampour Haftkhani, A., Sharari, M., Ahmadi, M., Moezzipour, B. and Shakiba, A.
In this study, flexural performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) made out of poplar wood (Populus alba), Polyurethane adhesive and different mechanical connectors were investigated. Amount of adhesive was 300 g/m2. For manufacturing CLT panels, wood planks were air-dried, then four face-bonding surfaces of planks were planed (S4S). Thickness and width of planks were 19 and 100 mm, respectively. The thickness, width and span to depth ratio of Three-layered CLT specimens for bending test were 5...

Pull-out resistance of slef-tapping screws in cross-laminated timber made from radiata pine
https://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30144817... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2020
Li, Xin, Ashraf, Mahmud, Subhani, Mahbube and Kremer, Paul
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is now considered a viable alternative to traditional construction materials both in mid-rise and high-rise structures. The structural response of CLT heavily relies on the type of timber used in manufacturing, and this can vary significantly based on the original source for this naturally grown raw material. Spruce has been widely used in Europe for CLT production, but in Australia, locally available radiata pine is used by XLam for the manufacturing of their CLT pa...

Shear properties of eastern hemlock with respect to fiber orientation for use in cross laminated timber
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2020
Bahmanzad, A., Clouston, P. L., Arwade, S. R., & Schreyer, A. C.
Shear properties of the cross layer in cross laminated timber (CLT) panels are critical for design purposes, especially for applications with high concentrated loads and low span-to-depth ratios. Understanding how the shear properties of CLT lamstock vary with respect to fiber orientation—from perpendicular-to-grain (90°) to parallel-to-grain (0°)—can lead to new and innovative panel layups with superior shear performance. In this study, two-plate shear specimens (per the relevant standard) were...

Seismic response of post-tensioned cross-laminated timber rocking wall buildings
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29ST.1... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
Wilson, A. W., Motter, C. J., Phillips, A. R., & Dolan, J. D.
Nonlinear time history analyses were conducted for 5-story and 12-story prototype buildings that used post-tensioned cross-laminated timber rocking walls coupled with U-shaped flexural plates (UFPs) as the lateral force resisting system. The building models were subjected to 22 far-field and 28 near-fault ground motions, with and without directivity effects, scaled to the design earthquake and maximum considered earthquake for Seattle, with ASCE Site Class D. The buildings were designed to perfo...

Panel and plate properties of Cross-laminated timber (CLT) with tropical fast-growing timber species in compliance with Eurocode 5
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2020
Laurent Corpataux, Shinya Okuda, Harn Wei Kua
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is widely regarded as an effective building material that increases productivity during construction and effectively stores carbon dioxide. Southeast Asia is home to some of the fastest-growing timber species worldwide. The feasibility of using fast-growing, tropical timber species for CLT is explored in this study. The timber species red jabon (A. macrophyllus – 9 years old), sengon (F. moluccana – 5 years old) and acacia hybrid (A. mangium × A. auriculiformis – 5 y...

Seismic loss analysis of buildings with post-tensioned cross-laminated timber walls
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/875529302... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
Alex W. Wilson, Adam R Phillips, Christopher J Motter, Ji Y Lee, J Daniel Dolan
The FEMA P-58 performance-based earthquake engineering methodology was used to assess the economic losses associated with earthquake damage to nonstructural components of two prototype buildings with post-tensioned cross-laminated timber rocking walls. A suite of 22 far-field ground motions were used for nonlinear time history (NLTH) analysis. Truncated incremental dynamic analysis was used to scale the ground motions, and results of the NLTH analyses were used to develop cumulative distribution...

Toe-Screwed Cross-Laminated Timber Shear Wall Trilinear Pushover Design Modeling
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2020
Fitzgerald, D., Sinha, A., Miller, T. H., & Nairn, J. A.
Although toenailing has been common practice in light-frame residential construction, using toe screws in cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls has not been investigated. CLT shear walls with inclined washer-headed, self-tapping screws installed along the wall’s bottom edge into a floor plate were tested to evaluate the shear wall connection. The tested geometry represents platform construction wall-to-floor conditions at the top and bottom of walls in multistory timber buildings. Three CLT s...

Study on the Mechanical Properties of Tropical Hybrid Cross Laminated Timber Using Bamboo Laminated Board as Core Layer
http://www.papersearch.net/thesis/article.asp?key=... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2020
Nurdiansyah Muhammad GALIH, Seung Min YANG, Seung Min YU, Seog Goo KANG
This study was performed to analyze the mechanical properties of tropical hybrid cross-laminated timber (CLT) with bamboo laminated board as the core layer in order to evaluate the possibility of its use as a CLT material. Bamboo board was used as the core layer and the tropical species Acacia mangium willd., from Indonesia, was used as the lamination in the outer layer. The modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and shear strength of the hybrid CLT were measured according to APA...

Embedment strength of smooth dowel-type fasteners in cross-laminated timber
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2020
Dong, W., Wang, Z., Zhou, J., Zhang, H., Yao, Y., Zheng, W., Gong, M. and Shi, X.
Embedment strength is a fundamental parameter for dowel-type connection design in timber structures. It is known as a system property dependent on the characteristics of both the fastener and the wood material. The orthogonal layup in cross-laminated timber (CLT) differentiates it from solid timber (ST) and glued-laminated timber (GLT) in terms of connection properties. The effects of CLT layup feature (i.e., the thickness ratio of transverse layer to the total thickness, TRTL) as well as wood d...

Feasibility of Two Northeastern Species in Three-Layer ANSI-Approved Cross-Laminated Timber
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2020
Hamid Kaboli, Peggi L. Clouston, Seth Lawrence
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a massive panel product made from orthogonal layers of solid-sawn lumber. Because of its composite nature and engineered layup, CLT provides the possibility of a substantial market for underutilized and lower-quality tree species. This paper presents a study that evaluates the structural performance of three-layer CLT panels fabricated from two such tree species grown in the northeastern US: eastern hemlock and eastern white pine. A total of 17 panels measuring 99...