The behaviour of timber in fire including the decay phase-charring rates, char recession and smouldering
https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_96c0db4/P... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2020
Joachim Schmid, Antonio Totaro, Andrea Frangi
For the assessment of the fire resistance of timber members, the depth of the virgin wood has been documented as crucial parameter in numerous scientific experiments in the past; results have been used primarily for the load-bearing resistance verification. An excessive number of tests with timber members have been performed with various products (e.g. glulam, cross-laminated timber) in furnace environments showing a consistent one-dimensional charring rate of 0.65 mm/min ± 0.1 for standard fire...

Prefabricated Composite Steel-Timber Stiffened Wall Systems with Post-Tensioning: Structural Analysis and Experimental Investigation under Vertical Axial Load
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2021
Kristopher Orlowski; Shanaka Kristombu Baduge; Priyan Mendis
With increasing demand for midrise buildings, automated prefabrication, design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA), and sustainability, a novel material-efficient post-tensioned (PT) composite steel-timber (CST) stiffened wall system has been developed. As opposed to cross-laminated timber (CLT), this fully prefabricated panelized composite system consists of an engineered wood panel that is integrally stiffened by timber studs and steel square hollow sections (SHS). Each SHS additionally acco...

Numerical Modelling of Timber Building Components to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=d... [Other] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Johannes Albert Josef Huber
An increasing number of multi-storey buildings are constructed with components made of engineered wood products, such as glulam or cross-laminated timber (CLT). Our understanding of the mechanical performance of mass timber buildings is well developed for foreseeable exposures and loads, i.e. under the commonly specified limit states in building codes. However, our knowledge is fairly limited about the ability of multi-storey timber buildings to survive the consequences of unforeseeable exposure...

Comparing the Effect of Presence of the Knot and the Size of the Knot on the Rolling Shear Properties in Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) by Modified Planar Shear Test and FEM Analysis
https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2021
Shaghayegh Shahhosseini, Paul L Crovella, William B Smith
One specific characteristic of Cross-laminated Timber (CLT), as an orthogonal laminar structure compared to a uni-directional timber composite such as glued laminated timber (GLT), is its intra-laminar shear flexibility due to rolling shear in the cross layers. Rolling shear (RS) properties in CLT are critical for the composite flexure of the layered panels. The applied out-of-plane loads cause a shear stress in the cross layers. The shear properties of cross-layers influence the overall bending...

Better Forest Management, Wooden Buildings Would Lower Carbon Emissions
https://www.ecori.org/climate-change/2020/6/29/bet... [Environmental Performance] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2020
John Pantalone
As scientists continue to warn about projected climate change on a heating planet, others are taking steps in their own realms to mitigate the damage in innovative ways. A recent webinar hosted by Grow Smart Rhode Island illustrated the connection between forest health and new wood-construction technologies in a combination that can significantly reduce carbon emissions....

Nondestructive assessment of cross-laminated timber using non-contact transverse vibration and ultrasonic testing
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-0... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Lu Zhang, Alan Tiemann, Tonghao Zhang, Tom Gauthier, Kevin Hsu, Mustafa Mahamid, P. K. Moniruzzaman, Didem Ozevin
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a new generation of engineered wood product developed initially in Europe and has been used in North America for various applications. CLT is composed of at least three layers of lumber boards stacked crosswise in orthogonally alternating orientation to the adjacent layers. CLT has been gaining popularity and increasing application areas in the construction industry, such as building systems, mats for construction and temporary road applications as well as tempora...

Buckling behavior of cross laminated poplar timber columns using various performance improvement techniques
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Javed Ahmad Bhat
In present times, cross-laminated timber (CLT) has become a product of global interest. Utilization of locally available timber (having low strength, moderately low stiffness, and high shrinkage issues) in CLT with improvement techniques has proven to be cost-effective with environment-friendly features. In this study, various performance improvement techniques have been used for enhancing the strength parameters in long columns made from a timber specie (Poplar) found in abundance in the Kashmi...

Gluing Techniques on Bond Performance and Mechanical Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Made from Larix kaempferi
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/733... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2021
Mingyue Li, Shuangbao Zhang, Yingchun Gong, Zhaopeng Tian, Haiqing Ren
Previous studies have proved that Larix kaempferi is a good material for preparing cross-laminated timber (CLT), but under bending shear stress, CLT made by Larix kaempferi is prone to the phenomenon of bonding face cracking, which seriously affects the shear performance of CLT. To solve this problem, this paper took Larix kaempferi as raw material, conducted experiments on the surface sanding conditions, gluing pressure and adhesive types of sawing timber, and explored the influence of these th...

Experimental Testing of a Low-Damage Post-Tensioned C-Shaped CLT Core-Wall
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2021
Justin R. Brown, Minghao Li, Alessandro Palermo, Stefano Pampanin, Francesco Sarti
The development of strong and stiff lateral load-resisting systems (LLRS) is essential for mid-rise and high-rise timber buildings. On the other hand, within a seismic design philosophy, strength/stiffness and ductility/drift capacity typically appear as opposite target parameters, depending on the acceptable level of damage. For improved stiffness and strength, core-wall tubular structural forms commonly are used for taller reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. This paper presents an experimental...

Thermal Conductivity of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) With a 45˚ Alternating Layer Configuration
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/wie/issue/58639/81... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2020
Hasan ÖZTÜRK, Duygu YÜCESOY, Semra ÇOLAK
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has increasingly become a viable alternative to other structural materials, mainly because of its excellent properties related to sustainability, energy efficiency, and speed of construction. This has resulted in the recent emergence of a significant number of CLT buildings constructed around the world. Cross-laminated timber panels consist of lumber boards stacked and glued in layers, which run perpendicular to each other, making them dimensionally stable with high ...

Performance of bio-inspired cross-laminated timber under blast loading–A numerical study
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Other] [Journal Article] 2021
Van TuLe, Abdallah Ghazlan, Tuan Nguyen, Tuan Ngo
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is recently attracting significant attention due to the high demand for environmentally friendly materials. As a result, the number of buildings and structures comprising CLT is increasing. However, CLT exhibits brittle behavior which can be detrimental to its performance under blast loads. The structure of CLT shows a striking resemblance to that of conch shells, which is also highly composed of brittle materials but exhibits excellent damage tolerance. This paper m...

Composite action in mass timber floor and beam systems connected with self-tapping wood screws
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
Natalini, Giulia
One of the challenges in mass timber construction is the design of efficient floor systems. This thesis focuses on studying composite T-beams, connecting Spruce-Pine-Fir Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels and Douglas-Fir Glued-Laminated timber (glulam) beams. In this study, three different types of self-tapping wood screws (ASSY SK, ASSY Ecofast, and ASSY VG), inserted at different angles, were investigated. Firstly, small-scale experimental tests were performed to investigate the strength and ...

Nonlinear Static Seismic Response of a Building Equipped with Hybrid Cross-Laminated Timber Floor Diaphragms and Concentric X-Braced Steel Frames
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/11/1/9... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Andrea Roncari, Filippo Gobbi, Cristiano Loss
Simplified seismic design procedures mostly recommend the adoption of rigid floor diaphragms when forming a building’s lateral force-resisting structural system. While rigid behavior is compatible with many reinforced concrete or composite steel-concrete floor systems, the intrinsic stiffness properties of wood and ductile timber connections of timber floor slabs typically make reaching a such comparable in-plane response difficult. Codes or standards in North America widely cover wood-frame con...

Method for the architectural design of wood houses in Portugal
http://informesdelaconstruccion.revistas.csic.es/i... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2020
Luis Morgado, Manuel Correia Guedes, João Gomes Ferreira, Helena Cruz
The goal of this study is to propose a method for the architectural design of wood houses in Portugal. Construction and manufacturing companies were interviewed to understand the wood house market. A case study was developed by simulating four variations of a project, including different wood construction systems (wood frame, post and beam, logs, and cross-laminated timber). Based on the identified problems, a design method was defined by using decision support tables, lists of procedures and op...

Assessment of the critical parameters on hygro-thermal performance of timber structures’ envelope
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332440698... [Moisture/Durability] [Conference Paper] 2019
Shaghayegh Ameri, Norbert Rüther
Hygro-thermal performance of timber structures due to the sensitivity of wood to ambient conditions is a critical issue. Reducing the condensation risk and mold growth potential are important parameters which should be considered in the design of building envelopes. This study investigates how different parameters can affect the hygro-thermal performance of recent standard timber structures in Germany. Different types of assemblies of lightweight wooden frames or panels, as well as cross-laminat...

Compliance Road-map for the Structural Fire Safety Design of Mass Timber Buildings in England
https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/SFPE/... [null] [other]
Danny Hopkin
...

Edificio em CLT: Dimensionamento estrutural e detalhamento construtivo.
https://riuni.unisul.br/handle/12345/11783... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2020
Gustavo Pires da Silva, Ruan Carlos dos Santos
Aiming at the current situation of the environment, it is inferred that there is a need to update construction methods and processes in Brazil. This need arises because the most widespread construction systems are based on structural masonry and reinforced concrete, both generating an excessive amount of tailings. This work will demonstrate a constructive system, as an option for adapting a building made of conventional masonry, called Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), a constructive system that is ...

Compliance Road-map for the Structural Fire Safety Design of Mass Timber Buildings in England
https://www.sfpe.org/publications/sfpeeuropedigita... [Fire Performance] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2020
Danny Hopkin, Michael Spearpoint, Carmen Gorksa, Harald Krenn, Tim Sleik, Martin Milner
Timber structures are resurgent due to environmental drivers, with an increasing number of tall and complex buildings being conceived that incorporate mass timber, either for the entirety of the structural frame or in parts of hybrid structures (often incorporating steel and/or concrete components). Timber structures are being designed and delivered at a pace that can potentially go beyond current levels of knowledge and the competency of fire safety engineers. In a project funded by three major...

Characterization of the out-of-plane behavior of CLT panel connections
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2021
Rafael A. Salgado, Serhan Guner
The increasing damage caused by natural hazards has stimulated the research for new construction systems that can perform well during these events. Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a relatively new and robust construction material that has been extensively investigated under seismic load conditions, during which it exhibited good performance. However, its potential as a resilient alternative for natural hazard events that primarily engage the out-of-plane response of the building (e.g., hurricane...

Life cycle analysis of cross-insulated timber panels
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
PedroSantos, João R. Correia, Luís Godinho, A.M.P.G. Dias, André Dias
A sandwich wall-panel solution based on Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) has been recently developed aiming to rationalize the wood volume and combine it with a low-density core layer for improved thermal insulation and reduced weight. Such panel, named Cross-Insulated Timber (CIT), was previously optimized to fulfil structural and thermal requirements with a minimum production cost. The layout of the new panel is similar to the one of a five-layer CLT panel, but the inner layer is made of polyureth...