Seismic Behavior of Innovative Hybrid CLT-steel Shear Wall for Mid-Rise Buildings.
https://europepmc.org/article/PPR/PPR284755... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Enrique TC, Jairo Montaño, Berwart S, María HS, Guindos P
This paper examines the seismic behavior of CLT-steel hybrid walls at six- and ten-story heights to increase seismic force resistance compared to a conventional wooden wall. The ultra-strong shear walls proposed in this paper are called Framing Panel Shear Walls (FPSW), which are based on a robust articulated steel frame braced with CLT board panels and steel tendons. Timber structures are well-known for their ecological benefits, as well as their excellent seismic performance, mainly due to hig...

Effects of wood species, connection system, and wall-support interface type on cyclic behaviors of cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls under lateral loads
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Dang Khai Tran, Gi Young Jeong
The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of wood species, connection systems, and wall-support interface types on the cyclic behaviors of cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls under lateral loads. We developed a CLT wall SAWS model for lateral behaviors associated with different configurations. CLT walls with a higher density and a rigid support showed greater strength and lower deformation as compared to CLT walls having a lower density with a flexible support. CLT walls using hold-dow...

Investigation of isostatic slabs in timber
https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uui... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2021
Matt Church
The isostatic slab was developed by Pier Nervi and his colleague Aldo Arcangeli to create an elegant and easy to produce floor system, with efficient use of material. These slabs are designed with ribs aligned to the principal bending stress lines that support a flat deck. Concrete isostatic slabs are no longer constructed due to their expensive formwork. However, this system could be advantageous when made from timber as the grain direction will be aligned to the optimal flow of forces. Additio...

A Pilot Study on Cross-Laminated Bamboo and Timber Beams
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2021
Y. Xiao, H. Cai; S. Y. Dong
This technical note reports the results from a pilot testing program on the flexural behavior of cross-laminated bamboo and timber (CLBT) beams. The testing parameters include the combinations of two types of timbers, spruce-pine-fir (SPF) and poplar, as inner layers as well as two types of glubam, thin- and thick-strip glubam, as surface layers. The simply supported specimens were tested in flatwise and sidewise setups with three-point loading. The test results show that the CLBT beams exhibite...

Development, Background and Challenges of North American Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) Design Standard Introduction to CLT Development
https://www.timberaid.com/calculator/articles/deve... [Standards/Building code] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2021
Shaghayegh Shahhosseini
Mass timber engineering has been created by Technological improvements to make a renewed sense of purpose and a more versatile use of wood as a building material. Considering its environmental benefits, the importance of wood-based structures is becoming more evident compared with steel and concrete, since this building material in turn can promote further advancements toward sustainable construction solutions. [1] The construction industry has been recently under an increased movement for more ...

Integrated experimental and numerical study on flexural properties of cross laminated timber made of low-value sugar maple lumber
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2021
Yunxiang Ma, Munkaila Musah, Ruizhe Si, Qingli Dai, Xinfeng Xie, Xiping Wang, Robert J. Ross
The objective of this study is to examine the mechanical performance of cross laminated timber (CLT) panels made of low-value sugar maple under out of plane loads through mechanical tests and numerical simulation. The laminations were sorted into High and Low classes based on the measured modulus of elasticity (MOE). Two 3-layer sugar maple CLT layups as High-Low-High and Low-High-Low glued with resorcinol-based adhesive and one CLT layup of High-Low-High glued with melamine-based adhesive were ...

Structural health monitoring data collected during construction of a mass-timber building with a data platform for analysis
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2021
Esther J.Baas, Mariapaola Riggio, André R.Barbosa
The George W. Peavy Forest Science Complex, or “Peavy Hall,” is a mass-timber university building that is the subject of a structural health monitoring (SHM) program to create a comprehensive building performance dataset. The building substructure consists of cross-laminated timber (CLT)-concrete composite floors, a mass plywood panel (MPP) roof system, and the worlds first application of CLT post-tensioned (PT) self-centering shear walls. This document reports on static and hygrothermal data co...

Development of Ply-Lam Composed of Japanese Cypress Laminae and Korean Larch Plywood
https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO2021081... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2021
FUJIMOTO, Yoshiyasu; TANAKA, Hiroshi; MORITA, Hideki; KANG, Seog Goo
In recent years, the use of cross laminated timber (CLT) has been evolving. In addition, CLT manufactured with various species such as Japanese cedar has been developed to utilize the local resources in each country. However most factories in Japan produce CLT by bonding the laminae in width direction for orthogonal layers, where grain of element is perpendicular to the grain of outer layer, and this process is considered to be one of the factors that reduce productivity. A new wood based materi...

Prediction of Withdrawal Resistance of Single Screw on Korean Wood Products
https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO2021081... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2021
AHN, Kyung-Sun; PANG, Sung-Jun; OH, Jung-Kwon
In this article, withdrawal resistances of axially loaded self-tapping screws on wood products made by Korean Larch were predicted with existing estimation equation, and compared with experimental test data. The research was required because no design methodology for the withdrawal resistance of self-tapping screw is present in Korean building code (KBC). First, the withdrawal resistance of wood screw was predicted to use the withdrawal design value estimation equation in National Design Specifi...

Influence of core stiffness on the behavior of tall timber buildings subjected to wind loads
https://journal.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/abstract/abstra... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2021
Zhouyan XIA, Jan-Willem G. VAN DE KUILEN, Andrea POLASTRI, Ario CECCOTTI, Minjuan HE
Influence of core stiffness on the behavior of tall timber buildings subjected to wind loads...

Bamboo/Wood Composites and Structures Shear and Normal Strain Distributions in Multilayer Composite Laminated Panels under Out-of-Plane Bending
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ace/2021/6637853... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2021
Jan Niederwestberg, Jianhui Zhou, Ying Hei Chui, Dongsheng Huang
Innovative mass timber panels, known as composite laminated panels (CLP), have been developed using lumber and laminated strand lumber (LSL) laminates. In this study, strain distributions of various 5-layer CLP and cross-laminated timber (CLT) were investigated by experimental and two modelling methods. Seven (7) different panel types were tested in third-point bending and short-span shear tests. During the tests, the digital imaging correlation (DIC) technique was used to measure the normal and...

Nested Buildings: An Innovative Strategy for the Integrated Seismic and Energy Retrofit of Existing Masonry Buildings with CLT Panels
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/3/1188... [Other] [Journal Article] 2021
Niederwestberg, J., Zhou, J., Chui, Y. H., & Huang, D.
The Italian building heritage is aged and inadequate to the high-performance levels required nowadays in terms of energy efficiency and seismic response. Innovative techniques are generating a strong interest, especially in terms of multi-level approaches and solution optimizations. Among these, Nested Buildings, an integrated intervention approach which preserves the external existing structure and provides a new structural system inside, aim at improving both energy and structural performances...

Effects of Climate Change on the Moisture Performance of Tallwood Building Envelope
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/11/2/35... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2020
Maurice Defo, Michael A. Lacasse
The objective of this study was to assess the potential effects of climate change on the moisture performance and durability of massive timber walls on the basis of results derived from hygrothermal simulations. One-dimensional simulations were run using DELPHIN 5.9.4 for 31 consecutive years of the 15 realizations of the modeled historical (1986–2016) and future (2062–2092) climates of five cities located across Canada. For all cities, water penetration in the wall assembly was assumed to be 1%...

Experimental dynamic collapse response of post-and-beam mass timber frames under a sudden column removal scenario
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Xinyi Cheng, Benoit P.Gilbert, Hong Guan, Ian D. Underhill, Hassan Karampour
In this study, an experimental program was carried out to investigate the dynamic behaviour of post-and-beam mass timber frames, manufactured from LVL structural products, under a sudden column removal scenario. Twenty-five free-fall and two additional static tests were performed on scaled-down frames assembled with three beam-to-column connection types, referred to as “Double-beam”, “Megant type” and “T-section”, currently used in mass timber buildings. The structural responses, failure modes a...

Energy-Absorbing Connection for Heavy-Timber Assemblies Subjected to Blast Loads–Concept Development and Application
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Other] [Journal Article] 2021
Christian Viau, Ghasan Doudak
This paper presents the procedure for the development of energy-absorbing connections (EACs) in glued-laminated timber (glulam) and cross-laminated timber (CLT) assemblies to resist the effects of blast explosions. A probabilistic approach, which ensures that energy dissipation occurs in the ductile connections prior to brittle flexure failure of the wood element, is presented and discussed. The design and detailing of the EACs was also based on the results from a preliminary numerical investiga...

Experimental Investigation and Finite-Element Modeling of an Aluminum Energy Dissipater for Cross-Laminated Timber Walls under Reverse Cyclic Loading
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Kobir Hossain, Sriram Aaleti, Thang N. Dao
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels with unbonded post-tensioning and a rocking mechanism can be used as a robust lateral load–resisting system (LLRS). The seismic performance of these systems can be improved further by incorporating external sacrificial energy dissipating elements. The additional damping provided by the energy dissipaters reduces the structural displacement demand during a design-level earthquake, and the unbonded post-tensioning provides recentering ability. This study develop...

System Identification of UCSD-NHERI Shake-Table Test of Two-Story Structure with Cross-Laminated Timber Rocking Walls
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Ignace Mugabo, Andre R. Barbosa, Arijit Sinha, Christopher Higgins
A full-scale 2-story mass timber building was tested on the University of California San Diego Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (UCSD-NHERI) uniaxial shake table during the period from June 2017 to September 2017. The main objective of the experimental program was to test the performance of mass timber building designs with different seismic lateral force–resisting systems. The focus of this study is on a building configuration designed using self-centering post-tensioned cros...

Equivalent Viscous Damping of Cross-Laminated Timber Structural Archetypes
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Angelo Aloisio, Rocco Alaggio, Massimo Fragiacomo
This paper attempts to formulate an expression for the estimation of equivalent viscous damping (EVD) for cross-laminated timber (CLT) structural archetypes as a function of ductility. The paper aims at contributing toward the direct displacement-based design procedure (DDBD) of CLT structures, which makes use of equivalent viscous damping and secant stiffness estimations as proxies for the estimation of the nonlinear behavior of structures. The available hysteretic models of CLT structures are ...

Shake-table experimental testing and performance of topped and untopped cross-laminated timber diaphragms
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2021
Andre R. Barbosa, Leonardo G. Rodrigues, Arijit Sinha, Christopher Higgins
This paper presents the behavior of floor diaphragms of a shake-table experiment of a full-scale 2-story mass-timber building structure. The structure consists of glued-laminated timber beams and columns, and floors and walls were designed and built making use of cross-laminated timber panels. Two different floor systems were designed, where the roof consists of a topped cross-laminated timber (CLT)-concrete composite system, and the floor level consists of untopped CLT panels connected with ply...

Cyclic behavior of bracket connections for cross-laminated timber (CLT): Assessment and comparison of experimental and numerical models studies
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2021
Yinlan Shen, Johannes Schneider, Solomon Tesfamariam, Siegfried F. Stiemer, Zhongwei Chen
This paper reports the comprehensive test and numerical models assessments for uniaxial cyclic behaviors of standard bracket connections for cross-laminated timber (CLT). Five analysis methods are compared for the determination of yield points of CLT connections. The applicability of the methods to various types of CLT bracket connections is discussed in order to identify the most universal approach. Key mechanical properties of bracket connections such as strength, stiffness, yield point, failu...