Defining Project‐Specific Custom CLT Grade Utilizing Low‐Value Ponderosa Pine Lumber from Logs Harvested in SW Oregon and Northern California Forest Restoration Programs
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduat... [Raw Materials] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
S. Jahedi
Engineered wood products, such as Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT), are expected to provide such market. CLT is a massive, engineered wood panel consisting of three or more orthogonal plies of lumber bonded with an adhesive. The overall goal of this project was to assess the feasibility of structural CLT panels produced entirely by low-value PP lumber obtained from forest restoration programs. ...

Experimental investigation into lateral performance of cross-laminated timber shear walls made from fast-growing poplar wood
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2022
Xinlei Shi, Kong Yue, Xuekai Jiao, Zhongfeng Zhang, Zhi Li
Structural tests for seven full-scale cross-laminated timber (CLT) shear walls were conducted under cyclic lateral loading to investigate the feasibility of using fast-growing poplar in CLT structures. Connection tests with monotonic loads were performed to calculate the later bearing capacity of CLT shear walls. The effects of wood species, artificial accelerated aging, vertical step joint, and laminate strength class on the later performance of CLT were determined....

Modular Construction and Circularity. A Case Study of a Mass Timber Design Studio
https://journalofindustrializedconstruction.com/in... [Case Study/Projects] [Conference Paper] 2022
Rafael Novais Passarelli
The increased use of wood-based materials such as CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) can reduce the GHG emissions of the construction sector. Likewise, offsite and modular construction methods can lead to more efficient material use, reducing construction-generated solid waste. However, it is worth noting that employing mass timber and modular construction is not automatically beneficial under all circumstances. The transition from the current linear, high-impact, and wasteful construction practices t...

Integration of New Technologies into Buildings made from CLT
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363158183... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Conference Paper] 2018
Milica Petrović, Isidora Ilić
This paper examines the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels as construction for lowrise buildings with alternative heating/cooling wall system. The analysis is based on a project from the workshop held during the Sustainable Architecture Energy Efficiency (SAEE) conference in Belgrade. The construction from CLT leaves space for forming layered walls made of CLT, thermal insulation and plasterboards with thermal channels that would allow the hot/cool airflow for heating/cooling the walls. ...

An Holistic Approach to Product Evaluation and Selection in Industrialised Building: Benchmarking of Long Span, Low Carbon Floor Systems
https://journalofindustrializedconstruction.com/in... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Conference Paper] 2022
Ivana Kuzmanovska, Victor Bunster, Angela Solarte, Duncan Maxwell
As the construction industry shifts towards more systematised methods of designing and delivering buildings, data-informed approaches towards product development, evaluation, and selection promise to enable improved performance (structural, acoustic, fire, environmental), material efficiencies, and ease of production while maintaining the highest quality end result. This paper presents the outcomes of an applied research project that takes the first steps towards the development of a framework t...

Critical Challenges and Potential for Widespread Adoption of Mass Timber Construction in Australia
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/9/1405... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Atiq Zaman, Ying-Qi Chan, Emil Jonescu, Iain Stewart
The construction industry is one of the largest producers of greenhouse gases, accounting for 38% of global carbon emissions. Recently, interest in mass timber construction has grown, due to its potential benefits in reducing environmental impact compared to traditional construction methods that use steel and concrete, and in promoting global sustainability and climate agendas, such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and global net-zero emissions by 2050. Despite the slow adoption of ma...

Timber construction in Ireland for the mitigation of climate change and the housing crisis in 2022
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363135258... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
David Gil-Moreno, Patrick J. McGetrick, A.M. Harte, Des O’Toole
The current carbon footprint of the construction sector in Ireland together with the need for new homes to satisfy housing demand make it difficult to meet Ireland's commitments for the reduction of emissions. The challenge of increasing the number of homes while reducing emissions can be partially mitigated with an increased use of timber in the construction sector. This study analysed the potential of timber construction in Ireland to mitigate climate change while addressing the housing needs....

Barriers, Opportunities and Recommendations to Enhance the Adoption of Timber within Multi-Storey Buildings in Austria
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/9/1416... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2022
Aída Santana-Sosa, Iva Kovacic
Timber construction is considered a main strategy towards a more sustainable built environment. Industrialized manufacturing methods have advanced the realization of multi-storey timber buildings generating enthusiasm about their implementation in urban areas, and the expectation of their further completion. These are still pilot projects, so there is a lack of specific literature and guidelines, including common understanding, standard procedures and holistic considerations. This paper aims to ...

Dowel Laminated Timber Elements Manufactured using Compressed Wood Dowels
https://www.universityofgalway.ie/media/timberengi... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2022
Conan O'Ceallaigh, Annette M. Harte, Patrick J. McGetrick
In recent years, there has been an increased focus on the environmental impacts of construction and a movement towards more sustainable construction products. The use of timber as a structural material has grown and it has been deemed to be one of the leading materials of choice in the future as a sustainable construction product that not only has a low carbon footprint but also acts as a carbon store for the lifetime of the structural component. To further improve the environmental performance ...

Vertical Folded Plate: Simulated Architecture with Mass Timber and Faceted Space
https://ltu-capture-cms.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
Nicholas Peruski
Vertical Folded Plate is a historical and technological exploration of folded plate design pushed to its limits. Since 1950s folded plate design and modern mass timber innovation, the collision of these two disciplines reveals scarcely known social and ecological benefits that each would otherwise not reveal on their own. A new design approach to multi-story design can expand on the proven benefits of mass timber as a renewable material. To prototype the synthesis of a space created by folded ma...

The Dimensional Stability and Bonding Performance of Hybrid CLT Fabricated with Lumber and COSB
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/10/1669... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Zhijun Liang, Guojun Chen, Yi Wang, Zhiqiang Wang, Meng Gong
The differences of physical and mechanical properties of different laminations, such as softwood, hardwood or other structural composite lumber, in hybrid cross-laminated timber (HCLT), lead to their dimensional stability and bonding performance more complex than generic cross-laminated timber (CLT). In this paper, the spruce-pine-fir (SPF) dimension lumber and construction oriented strand board (COSB) were employed to fabricate HCLT. The effects of four configurations and three adhesives on the...

Smart Bamboo Systems: Combining Material Intelligence with Modern Manufacturing
https://zenodo.org/record/6902873... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2022
Jonas Hauptman, Daniel Hindman, Keith Hack, Greg Marggraf
Rising demand for housing in the global south must be met while focusing on lowering carbon emissions to mitigate the growing influence of climate change. Current bamboo structures typically consist of (1) lattice-based structures using full culm bamboo, which do not create modern building enclosures, or (2) bamboo composites which require disaggregation and reconstitution of the bamboo, increasing the carbon footprint. This paper explains our concept, Smart Bamboo (SB), a lightly modified bambo...

Development of Preservative-Treated Cross-Laminated Timber: Effects of Panel Layup and Thickness on Preservative Penetration and Retention
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363885670... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2022
Samuel Ayanleye, Franklin Quin, Xuefeng Zhang, Darrel Nicholas, Rubin Shmulsky
Cross-laminated timber (CLT), a prefabricated multilayer engineered wood panel, has been recognized as a promising construction material due to its good mechanical properties, renewability, and low-carbon footprint. However, the vulnerability of CLT to biodeterioration limits its broad applications. Preservative treatment is an effective method of increasing the durability of wood products, while the treatment of CLT is barely studied. Herein, we prepare preservative-treated CLT through a conven...

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Embodied Carbon and Operational Energy of Different Building Systems
https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3649... [Case Study/Projects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2017
Marilia Hellmeister
Due to human activity, the levels of carbon emissions found in the atmosphere have reached its highest concentration and therefore it is necessary to find solutions to reduce, mitigate and adapt to a more sustainable pattern of development. The substitution of fossil fuel-dependent materials with renewable materials which exhibit lower embodied carbon is an option to be considered in the design phase of a building. Engineered wood product innovations over the past twenty years, coupled with desi...

Use of pre-charred surfaces to improve fire performance of wood
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2023
Shaorun Lin, Yunzhu Qin, Xinyan Huang, Michael Gollner
Wood is one of the most commonly-used and sustainable construction materials, but it is flammable in nature. Pre-charring is an ancient approach used to protect wooden construction materials against biochemical impacts, but its effectiveness in improving fire performance is still poorly understood. This work proposes a novel method to generate engineered wood with a uniform and robust surface char layer through slow pyrolysis under low thermal irradiation of 20 kW/m2. We found that the flammabil...

Collective Modularity: A Modular Design For Disasters
https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/barch_etd/200/... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
Bishop Boening
With factory-built, prefabricated components, modular architecture is at the forefront of modern design. Architecture is becoming more cost-effective, movable, and uniform. Modular homes have traditionally sacrificed character in order to be more cost-effective, energy-efficient, or trendy. Developers, advertisers, and engineers use budgets and market data to design them, not an architects’ dream or vision. Architects who have been schooled to design with concept, passion, and poetry choose to d...

Sustainable Urban Planning: Turning the Concrete Jungle into Green Buildings
https://research.library.fordham.edu/environ_2015/... [Environmental Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
Danielle Richardson
This paper addresses the issue of greenhouse gas emissions – particularly those from buildings – within New York City and discusses ways to construct new sustainable buildings and retrofit existing buildings to both minimize greenhouse gas emissions as well as act as carbon sinks to absorb some of the emissions. Reducing overall greenhouse gas emissions is critical to NYC meeting its climate target goals, as detailed in the mayoral administrations’ PlaNYC and OneNYCenvironmental plans. This pape...

The Application of Industrial Ecology Methods to Understand the Environmental and Economic Implications of the Forest Product Industries
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365010649... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2022
Shiva Zargar, Bidhan Bhuson Roy, Qiuping Li, Jinlu Gan, Jinming Ke, Xiaoyu Liu, Qingshi Tu
Industrial ecology (IE) methods have been widely applied to understand the sustainability implications of forest product industries, yet a comprehensive review of these applications is not available. We aim to (1) summarize the major questions that the IE methods were applied to answer, (2) highlight the major conclusions, and (3) identify advantages, limitations, and research gaps....

Study Findings on Forestry Discussed by Researchers at Maringa State University (Mechanical Behavior of GFRP Dowel Connections to Cross Laminated Timber-CLT Panels)
https://login.ezp1.lib.umn.edu/login?qurl=https://... [Connectors] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2022
VerticalNews
By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Agriculture Week -- Fresh data on forestry are presented in a new report. According to news reporting out of Maringa, Brazil, by VerticalNews editors, research stated, "Sustainability issues are driving the civil construction industry to adopt and study more environmentally friendly technologies as an alternative to traditional masonry/concrete construction. In this context, plantation wood especially stands out as a constituent of the cross-laminated timb...

A plea for the efficient use of wood in construction
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-023-00534-4... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2023
M. Pramreiter, T. Nenning, L. Malzl, J. Konnerth
The transition to climate-friendly cities has led to a renaissance of wood as a renewable building material. To prevent severe raw material shortages in the future, the material-first utilization of wood in long-living, resource-efficient engineered wood products and constructions will be key. ...