Timber-concrete composite beam, Cross laminated timber slab and Reinforced concrete beam/slab; A comparative of two case study for structural design, environmental impact and economy
https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/handle/11250/2... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
Ali Osman
This thesis discusses two case studies, where case 1 is compared Timber-concrete composite (TCC) beam and Reinforced concrete beam (RC beam), while case 2 is compared Cross laminated timber (CLT) slab and Reinforced concrete slab (RC slab). Both cases are analyzed with respect to structural design, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost analysis. The effects of beam/slab span on design values, carbon dioxide emissions and cost are examined in terms of structural design, environmental impact and econ...

Timber-concrete composite beam, Cross laminated timber slab and Reinforced concrete beam/slab; A comparative of two case study for structural design, environmental impact and economy
https://www.unit.no/sites/default/files/media/file... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2020
Ali Osman
This thesis discusses two case studies, where case 1 is compared Timber-concrete composite (TCC) beam and Reinforced concrete beam (RC beam), while case 2 is compared Cross laminated timber (CLT) slab and Reinforced concrete slab (RC slab). Both cases are analyzed with respect to structural design, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost analysis. The effects of beam/slab span on design values, carbon dioxide emissions and cost are examined in terms of structural design, environmental impact and econ...

Shear modulus analysis of cross-laminated timber using picture frame tests and finite element simulations
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1617/s11527-0... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
Jonas Turesson, Sven Berg, Anders Björnfot, Mats Ekevad
Determining the mechanical properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels is an important issue. A property that is particularly important for CLT used as shear walls in buildings is the in-plane shear modulus. In this study, a method to determine the in-plane shear modulus of 3- and 5-layer CLT panels was developed based on picture frame tests and a correction factor evaluated from finite element simulations. The picture frame test is a biaxial test where a panel is simultaneously compressed...

Effect of Exterior Wood Coatings on the Durability of Cross-laminated Timber against Mold and Decay Fungi
https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2020
Gabrielly S. Bobadilha, C. Elizabeth Stokes, Grant Kirker, Sheikh Ali Ahmed, Katie M. Ohno, Dercilio Junior Verly Lopes
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is increasingly used in building construction worldwide. Durability of CLT against fungal attack has yet to be fully explored. Water intrusion in mass timber can yield dimensional changes and microbial growth. This study evaluated the performance of CLT coated with various water- and solvent-based stains commercially available in the United States. Twelve coatings were tested for moisture excluding effectiveness, water repellency effectiveness, volumetric swelling, a...

Finite element analysis of bending stiffness for cross-laminated timber with varying board width
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Sven Berg, Jonas Turesson, Mats Ekevad, Johannes A. J. Huber
Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a wood panelling building system that is used in construction, e.g. for floors, walls and beams. Because of the increased use of CLT, it is important to have accurate simulation models. CLT systems are simulated with one-dimensional and two-dimensional (2D) methods because they are fast and deliver practical results. However, because non-edge-glued panels cannot be modelled under 2D, these results may differ from more accurate calculations in three dimensions (3D)...

Using Small Diameter Logs for Cross-Laminated Timber Production
https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2015
Magnus Fredriksson, Peter Bomark, Olof Broman, Anders Grönlund
Sawing small diameter logs results in lower yield compared to sawing large diameter logs. This is due to geometry; fitting rectangular blocks inside an approximately cylindrical shape is more difficult for small than for large diameters. If small diameter logs were sawn in a way that follows the outer shape, yield would increase. The present study considers whether this can be done by sawing flitches into trapeze shapes. These can be glued together into rectangular products. Cross laminated timb...

On the uncertainty of building acoustic measurements – Case study of a cross-laminated timber construction
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2012
Rikard Öqvist, Fredrik Ljunggren, Anders Ågren
If variations and uncertainty in building acoustic measurements can be controlled, construction costs can potentially be reduced since the building will not have to be acoustically over-designed. Field measurements of impact and airborne sound insulation were carried out for an industrially prefabricated cross-laminated timber (CLT) system of plate elements. The results from 18 rooms, forming three groups with respect to size, were compared to a similar study dealing with a prefabricated Volume ...

The hottest new thing in sustainable building is, uh, wood
https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2020/1/... [Environmental Performance] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2020
David Roberts
Architects, builders, and sustainability advocates are all abuzz over a new building material they say could substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the building sector, slash the waste, pollution, and costs associated with construction, and create a more physically, psychologically, and aesthetically healthy built environment. The material is known as, uh, wood...

Brandverhalten von Brettsperrholz
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/bate.201500070... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Michael Klippel, Andrea Frangi
Brettsperrholz (BSP) wird zunehmend im modernen Holzbau für Wände, Decken oder Dachelemente als hochwertiges, innovatives und wirtschaftliches Tragelement eingesetzt. Bei sorgfältiger Planung und Ausführung ist es möglich, einen sicheren Einsatz von BSP auch in Gebäuden mit erhöhten Brandschutzanforderungen und gemäß den Anforderungen von Tragwerksnormen (z. B. EN 1995-1-1 und EN 1995-1-2) [1, 2] zu gewährleisten. Weltweit wurden bereits zahlreiche Brandversuche mit BSP durchgeführt, um den Einf...

Structural reliability analysis of Cross Laminated Timber plates subjected to bending
https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribut... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2020
Nilson Tadeu Mascia, Luciano Ferreira dos Santos
Failure modes of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) plates reach by an excess of tensile stress on finger joints, shear stress on transverse layer due to rolling shear effect, and also by natural vibration. The Probability of Failure (POF) of CLT plates can be estimated from the probability distribution of its rupture and stiffness, as well as their correlation coefficients. In this context, the aim of this paper is to estimate the load capacity of Cross Laminated Timber plates from a specific probabi...

Environmental benefits of using hybrid CLT structure in midrise non-residential construction: An LCA based comparative case study in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Francesca Pierobona, Monica Huang, Kathrina Simonen, Indroneil Ganguly
In this study, the cradle-to-gate environmental impact of a hybrid, mid-rise, cross-laminated timber (CLT) commercial building is evaluated and compared to that of a reinforced concrete building with similar functional characteristics. This study evaluates the embodied emissions and energy associated with building materials, manufacturing, and construction. Two alternative designs are considered for fire protection in the hybrid CLT building: 1) a ‘fireproofing design’, where gypsum wallboard is...

Impact of board width on in-plane shear stiffness of cross-laminated timber
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Jonas Turesson, Sven Berg, Mats Ekevad
Board width-to-thickness ratios in non-edge-glued cross laminated timber (CLT) panels influence the in-plane shear stiffness of the panel. The objective is to show the impact of board width-to-thickness ratios for 3- and 5-layer CLT panels. Shear stiffnesses were calculated using finite element analysis and are shown as reduction factors relative to the shear stiffnesses of edge-glued CLT panels. Board width-to-thickness ratios were independently varied for outer and inner layers. Results show t...

Cross-Laminated Timber: Production of Panel Using Sesenduk Timber Species
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332009399... [Raw Materials] [Report] 2016
H Hamdan, M Iskandar, UMK Anwar
Engineered wood is an alternative material for the construction industry to overcome the dwindling supply of solid timber. The history of engineered timber dated back few decades ago whereby small pieces of timber were glued together with the available adhesive technology at that time to produce large piece of timber to sustain the load when used as an element in buildings. Over the years, technologies were developed based on numerous research to improve the structural...

Report on the seismic performance of three-dimensional moment-resisting timber frames with frictional damping in beam-to-column connections
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322511862... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
Toby Polocoser, Jonas Leimcke, Bohumil Kasal
The seismic performance of three-dimensional moment-resisting timber frames with frictional damping devices was investigated experimentally. This article describes a novel three-dimensional beam-to-column connection which was designed to behave rigidly up to moderate seismic intensities and to start the frictional dissipating behavior at higher intensities. The three-dimensional beam-to-column connection component was initially tested under cyclic loading, and then the connection was mounted in ...

Assessment of cross-laminated timber panels by the state-space approach
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Assessment-o... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Asad S. Albostami, Zhangjian Wu, L. Cunningham
In this article, cross-laminated timber panels are investigated as a novel engineering application of the state-space approach. As cross-laminated timber is a laminated composite panel, the three-dimensional analytical method provided by the state-space approach offers the potential for improved accuracy over existing common approaches to the analysis of cross-laminated timber. Before focusing on the specific application to cross-laminated timber, the general theory of the state-space approach i...

Mass Timber Conference Recap: Testing and Research
https://www.thinkwood.com/blog/mass-timber-confere... [Markets] [Web Page] 2018
Think Wood
Testing and research different products and systems is integral to informing modern building codes. Here is some of the leading-edge research currently underway on the topic, building the evidence for wood’s safety and performance capabilities across a range of applications....

Field Testing and Investigation of the Dynamic Performance and Comfort of Timber Floors
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269979137... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2011
Haibei Xiong, Jiahua Kang, Xilin Lu
Field tests were conducted on timber floors in three wood-framed buildings in order to obtain their dynamic characteristics and evaluate the vibration comfort. The measured fundamental vibration frequency, damping ratio and root-mean-square acceleration, were used to evaluate human comfort caused by timber floor vibration. The results show that the fundamental vibration period of the thirteen tested timber floors was between 9.96Hz and 18.70Hz, which is sufficiently outside the frequency range o...

Recent Developments in Global Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Market
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327208938... [Markets] [Conference Paper] 2018
Raquel Albee, Lech Muszynski, Eric N Hansen, Christopher Knowles, Pipiet Larasatie, Jose E. Guerrero
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has grown from an invention to a much-celebrated product and building technology revolutionizing the use of massive timber in construction. The CLT industry is concentrated in Alpine Europe, where the technology was originally developed. Despite great interest, the rate of adoption of CLT technology outside of the region is slow, reflecting uncertainty whether the European models can be successfully transplanted in different business environments. The goal of this pr...

Fragility functions and behavior factors estimation of multi-story cross-laminated timber structures characterized by an energy-dependent hysteretic model
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343204292... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
Angelo Aloisio, Rocco Alaggio, Massimo Fragiacomo
The authors assessed the fragility functions and behavior factors of cross-laminated timber (CLT) structures. The structures derive from the assembly of single CLT wall panels characterized by different configurations. The extended energy-dependent generalized Bouc-Wen (EEGBW) hysteresis model describes their inelastic behavior: the experimental data obtained by Gavric et al. are used to calibrate the hysteretic models of the considered cases. The truncated incremental dynamic analysis of the bu...

Experimental Analyses and Numerical Models of CLT Shear Walls under Cyclic Loading
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Experimental... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Valeria Awad, L. Giresini, Mikio Koshihara, Mario Lucio Puppio, M. Sassu
This paper reports the results of an experimental campaign performed at the University of Tokyo on cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels subjected to lateral loads. Analytical and numerical interpretations are provided as well, comparing the experimental analysis results with two methods: firstly, an analytical method to preliminarily evaluate the ultimate strength of the four panels, based on the geometrical dimensions of the openings and of the panel; secondly, a finite element model has been de...