Mechanical Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Accounting for Non-Bonded Edges and Additional Cracks
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/MECHANICAL-P... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
J. Narin
Cross-laminated timber (or CLT) must be recognized as a “precracked” wood composite material where the non-bonded edges within each layer act as cracks in the structure. Furthermore, differential shrinkage between the layers of installed CLT panels subjected to variations in moisture and temperature will result in additional cracks forming parallel to the initial precracks. Fortunately, there is a large literature on the effect of such cracks in cross-laminated composites used in aerospace compo...

When designing a mass timber building, what are the key design considerations related to fire ratings, panel thickness/member size, and occupancy?
https://www.woodworks.org/experttip/designing-mass... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Web Page] 2021
WoodWorks
For mass timber projects, selection of construction type is one of the more significant design decisions. While it’s common to choose construction type based on structural material—i.e., to assume that steel and concrete structures should be Type II, light-frame wood should be Type V, and exposed heavy/mass timber should be Type IV—this approach can lead to additional costs. While Type IV construction can be used for exposed mass timber projects, a full understanding of the allowable use of mate...

Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) in China: A State-of-the-Art
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cross-lamina... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2019
H. Li, B. Wang, P. Wei, Libin Wang
As a new type of green low-carbon engineered wood product, cross-laminated timber (CLT) is widely used in various types of wooden buildings in Europe and North America, and the number of high-rise wood construction is also increasing. Based on the introduction of the structural characteristics of the CLT and the development status of the CLT in developed countries, this paper focused on the review of the status of research and development of the CLT in China, with an emphasis on the breakthrough...

Structural analysis of cross-laminated timber slabs subjected to bending – state of the art [PDF]
https://content.sciendo.com/downloadpdf/journals/s... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Viktoria Bajzecerova, Maros Kovac, Jan Kanocz
Compared to solid or laminated timber, the main point of the design of cross-laminated timber (CLT) is very low resistance and stiffness of the CLT cross layers. For the modeling and analyzing of the load distribution in CLT, various methods are available. The aim of this paper is to present the possible ways for load-bearing analysis of structural members subjected to uniaxial and biaxial bending in various software products and using various methods. A parametric analysis was performed with th...

Investigations on in-plane loaded wooden elements – influence of loading and boundary conditions
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281814764... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2004
Bruno Dujic, Simon Aicher, Rocco Zarnič
Investigations on in-plane loaded wooden wall elements are part of a comprehensive research program performed in recent years at University of Ljubl-jana to enable better understanding of response of wooden buildings exposed to earthquake action. Recently, Division of Timber Construction of MPA University of Stuttgart joined the research program. This paper reports on some results emerging from the research cooperation. Eurocode 5 contains two methods for determination of the racking strength of...

Evaluación y análisis de propiedades estructurales de productos de madera
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276089459... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2015
E. Hermoso, R. Mateo, J. C. Cabrero, J. I.Fernández-Golfín
Wood products focused on construction are supported by standards for the evaluation of their properties and their quality control. Due to the specific characteristics of these products, specialized laboratories with suitable equipment and qualified people are necessary to value the obtained results. This paper shows the results of the evaluations conducted during the year 2012 about different structural properties of wood products for construction: plywoods, chipboards, deckings, glued laminated...

Wetting and Drying Performance and On-site Moisture Protection of Nail-Laminated Timber Assemblies
https://www.bchousing.org/publications/Nail-Lamina... [Moisture/Durability] [Report] 2016
Jieying Wang
In recent years nail-laminated timber (NLT) has been increasingly used in wood construction including both heavy timber non-residential buildings (e.g., floors, roofs) and light wood-frame residential buildings (e.g., elevator shafts). Such built-up assemblies, however, tend to have high wetting and low drying potential and are susceptible to moisture-related issues during the construction. A test was started in November 2014 to evaluate the wetting and drying performance of NLT, primarily follo...

STRUCTURE magazine | Albina Yard: North Portland CLT Office Building
https://www.structuremag.org/wp-content/uploads/20... [Case Study/Projects] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2017
Blake Patsy
Albina Yard, the first building in the U.S. to use domestically produced cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels as the primary structural building element, has recently wrapped up construction in North Portland’s Boise-Eliot district. The project is a 4-story, 16,000 square foot creative office building designed to accommodate small businesses looking to work in an environment with natural light and exposed wood. Providing an energy efficient workspace, and its shared conference rooms and courtyard...

Fire Design of Timber-Concrete Composite Slabs with Screwed Connections
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245304610... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2010
Andrea Frangi, Markus Knobloch, Mario Fontana
The structural behavior of timber-concrete composite slabs is mainly governed by the shear connection between timber and concrete. When a timber-concrete composite structure is exposed to fire, it is of particular importance to know the changes in stiffness and strength that the shear connection is subjected to. For the calculation of the fire resistance of timber-concrete composite slabs a simplified design method was developed on the basis of the calculation model for mechanically jointed beam...

STRUCTURE magazine | Albina Yard: North Portland CLT Office Building
https://www.structuremag.org/?p=11281... [Case Study/Projects] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2017
Blake Patsy
Albina Yard, the first building in the U.S. to use domestically produced cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels as the primary structural building element, has recently wrapped up construction in North Portland’s Boise-Eliot district. The project is a 4-story, 16,000 square foot creative office building designed to accommodate small businesses looking to work in an environment with natural light and exposed wood. Providing an energy efficient workspace, and its shared conference rooms and courtyard...

Structural Design Process for Estimating Cross-Laminated Timber Use Factors for Buildings
https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploa... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2019
J Daniel Dolan, Alex Wilson, Kristin Brandt, Donald A Bender, Michael P Wolcott
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) construction has received significant attention for potential North American markets; however, few claims have been substantiated with structural design details that assess the amount of CLT to be used in various classifications of buildings. This article presents a design process used for the development of archetype buildings to estimate the potential CLT demand. Three types of structural systems were identified: platform construction, rocking walls with a separate...

Classification of Wooden Housing Building Systems
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306297914... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2016
Victor De Araujo, Juliana Cortez Barbosa, Maristela Gava, José Nivaldo Garcia, Alexandre Jorge Duarte de Souza, Antonio Francisco Savi, Elen Morales, Julio Cesar Molina, Juliano Vasconcelos, André Luis Christoforo, Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr
Wooden housing is one of the most sustainable building alternatives. In many European and North American countries, wooden houses provide the most common, economical, and practical solution for construction. The timber buildings present adequate levels of durability, acoustics, and thermal comforts. Despite their popularity, wood houses do not have a standardized classification to define and organize their main aspects. In literature dealing with timber construction, most authors emphasize struc...

Experimental Performance and Structural Analysis of Plywood-Coupled LVL Walls
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281669904... [Other] [Journal Article] 2015
Asif Iqbal, Tobias James Smith, Stefano Pampanin, Massimo Fragiacomo, Alessandro Palermo, A. H. Buchanan
Prestressed-laminated timber (Pres-Lam) design has recently been adopted for multistory timber buildings based on ongoing research at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. This system combines large timber members with unbonded posttensioning for recentering and ductile connections for energy dissipation. This paper describes the experimental, analytical, and numerical investigation of posttensioned laminated veneer lumber (LVL) walls coupled with plywood sheets subjected to both quasi-stat...

Mass Timber/CLT & Washington Building Codes: A Technical Primer - January 2018
https://forterra.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/WA... [Standards/Building code] [Report] 2018
Joe Mayo, Hans-Erik Blomgren, Josh Powers, Robert Gerard, Susan Jones, Dennis Richardson, Jackie Hackett
CLT and other engineered wood building systems, collectively referred to as "Mass Timber," have been used in European architecture for over twenty years. Mass Timber is now gaining traction in North America, notably in the construction of tall buildings. Mass Timber components are comprised of large panelized elements that are quick to fabricate and install on site. This technological advancement modernizes design and construction to deliver a high quality building in a relatively short amount ...

Timber Multi-Level Buildings to 20 Levels Based on a Central Core of Integrated CLT Panels
https://www.timberdesign.org.nz/wp-content/uploads... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2018
John Chapman
This research investigates a new structural system based on a central core of CLT (cross-laminated timber) panels to provide more useful multi-level timber buildings that are taller and with open floor areas. Because pinus radiata is a suitable timber for the manufacture of CLT panels, the system has the potential to add value to planted NZ forests and to earn overseas currency. Timber elements are proposed for the entire building structure-central core, columns, floor beams and floor joists. Th...

What tools are available to help designers and owners compare the embodied carbon, or upfront greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), of commercial or multi-family buildings designed with different structural systems in the US?
https://www.woodworks.org/experttip/feb-2020/... [Environmental Performance] [Web Page] 2021
WoodWorks
To answer this question, it is useful to start with a brief background on the potential for wood buildings to have a lighter carbon footprint than buildings made with other materials. Wood reduces a building’s carbon footprint in two ways. It stores carbon that was originally absorbed by the trees while growing, keeping it out of the atmosphere for the lifetime of the building—longer if the wood is reclaimed and re-used. Meanwhile, the regenerating forest continues the natural cycle of carbon ab...

CodeCHEK - The Canadian Wood Council
https://cwc.ca/design-tools/codechek/... [Standards/Building code] [Web Page] 2021
Canadian Wood Council
CodeCHEK was developed under the Wood Works! Program by the Canadian Wood Council, with funding support from Forestry Innovation Investment, to assist designers to determine if and when lightweight wood-frame, heavy timber, mass timber and/or encapsulated mass timber construction can be used, and to determine what are the applicable construction requirements related to fire safety....

Building envelope summary: hygrothermal assessment of systems for mid-rise wood buildings
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309205580... [Moisture/Durability] [Report] 2013
K. Abdulghani, S.M. Cornick, B. Di Lenardo, G. Ganapathy, Michael Lacasse, Wahid Maref, Travis Moore, Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya, M. Nicholls, Hamed Saber, Michael C. Swinton, David van Reenen
...

Nail Laminated Timber Construction | NLT Lumber | Think Wood
https://www.thinkwood.com/timber-products/mass-tim... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Web Page] 2021
Think Wood
Nail-laminated timber (NLT or nail-lam) is a century-old construction material that is undergoing a design renaissance. Its structural performance and design elegance come together to create inspiring spaces in many historical buildings as well as modern new projects of all sizes....

Structural performance of hybrid multistorey buildings with massive timber-based floor elements loaded under extreme lateral loads
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320225080... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Danish Ahmed, Andi Asiz
Massive timber plate elements, specifically cross laminated timber (CLT), has gained popularity recently in North America as major alternative construction material for building components offering competitive advantages relative to traditional reinforced concrete slab for medium rise applications. There are two major structural applications for this kind of timber plate, as floor slab or shear wall components of multi-storey buildings. The following study will be focused on the structural perfo...