Low-Cost Design of Vibration Inspection Equipment for Timber Beam
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42417-0... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
L. Qi, L. Zhang, M.C. Zhao, Y.H. Chui
Experimental modal analysis, a non-destructive test method, may be used to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of wood components. Equipment for data collecting and processing was a crucial element. Commercial equipment was complicated and pricey; therefore, it could not satisfy the needs of widespread use. As a result, a simple and affordable equipment design for timber vibration examination was practical and useful....

Topology optimization applied to the core of structural engineered wood product
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023
A.F. de Vito Jr, W.M. Vicente, Y.M. Xie
- Structures, Design Structural-engineered wood products are used in construction as a sustainable alternative to concrete and steel. The most commonly used engineered wood products are Glued-Laminated Timber (GLULAM) and Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT), which in most productions are made of layers of wood glued under pressure. In the GLULAM, the wood fiber directions are parallel stacked in layers, while in CLT, the layers have a typical rotation of 90°. This work develops a topology optimiza...

Experimental investigations of a new highly ductile hold-down with adaptive stiffness for timber seismic bracing walls
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10518-0... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
K. Maître, P. Lestuzzi, M. Geiser
An efficient implementation of the capacity design requires high ductility combined with a low overstrength of the critical regions. Conventional timber connections do not generally offer such ideal combination, resulting in modest behaviour and relatively high overstrength factors. Inspired by the Buckling Restrained Brace a new hold-down has been developed where the timber wall directly acts as a casing. The new hold-down has been given an adaptive stiffness allowing the structure to be stiff ...

Towards Timber Construction in Austria
https://www.proligno.ro/en/articles/2022/4/MUHLBAC... [Markets] [Book/Book Section] 2022
Daniel Mühlbachler, Eugenia Mariana Tudor
Wood as a construction material is not only very versatile, with its renewability and capability of acting as long-term carbon storage, it is able to play a key role in solving one of the most critical and talked-about problems in this day and age: climate change and environmental pollution. To maximize this effect, timber construction needs to become ready for the mass market and establish itself as the standard building method, something heavily dependent on the attitude of the consumers looki...

Stiffness and Deformation Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels Made of Nordic Spruce Based on Experimental Testing, Analytical Calculation and Numerical Modeling
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/1/200... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Pavel Dobeš, Antonín Lokaj, Kristýna Vavrušová
This paper deals with the determination and comparison of the deformation properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels based on laboratory tests, analytical calculation and numerical modeling. CLT panels are structural building components consisting of cross-oriented solid timber layers. Three types of panels with different geometry and number of layers (three, five and seven) were experimentally tested using a four-point bending test, where load–deformation curves were recorded. The result...

Bending Properties and Vibration Characteristics of Dowel-Laminated Timber Panels Made with Short Salvaged Timber Elements
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/1/199... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
L. Giordano, M. Derikvand, G. Fink
In the presented research, a new approach is proposed for reusing short, salvaged timber elements combined with new (full-scale) timber boards to fabricate dowel-laminated timber (DLT) panels without significant processing or end-to-end joining or gluing. In this approach, salvaged timber elements are pressed in the system in such a way that they can contribute to the bending performance of the DLT panels by resisting compression stress. In order to evaluate the effectiveness, several small-scal...

Post-tensioned rocking dissipative timber wall systems: Numerical prediction
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
V. Tomei, M. Zucconi, B. Ferracuti
Low-damage post-tensioned technologies were born with the aim to obtain structural solutions able to guarantee, in case of seismic events, not only the safeguarding of human life, but also the rapid re-use of the buildings without permanent damage. In this context, structural systems based on rocking dissipative timber walls have been introduced, in which rocking behavior is entrusted to post-tensioned bars, and the dissipative contribution is provided by steel dampers, easily replaceable after ...

Analytical Modeling of Posttensioned C-Shaped CLT Core Walls
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/JSENDH.STE... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023
J.R. Brown, M. Li, A. Palermo, S. Pampanin, F. Sarti
Post-tensioned (PT) timber technology, also referred to as Pres-Lam (prestressed laminated timber) provides a low damage seismic design solution. So far PT timber research and practical implementation have focused on moment resisting frames, planar shear walls and coupled planar shear wall—or column-wall-column—systems and their analytical prediction models were adapted and extended from precast concrete to account for the unique characteristics of engineered timber. Following a recent experimen...

A finger-joint based edge connection for the weak direction of CLT plates
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2022
C. Tapia, M. Claus, S. Aicher
A new connection concept for joining cross-laminated timber (CLT) plates in their secondary direction is presented. The connection consists of two laminated veneer lumber (LVL) gusset plates with finger-joint-like profiles milled on one side which are glued onto the outermost layers of the CLT. It is demonstrated that the joint represents a stiff moment resistant connection, enabling the activation of the normally underutilized biaxiality of CLT plates and expanding the design freedom of archite...

The influence of preservative treatment on laminated P. patula bond performance
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2022
N.Q. Mbhamali, Z. Naghizadeh, C.B. Wessels
In this research, the effect of wood preservatives and wood properties on one-component polyurethane bond performance in Pinus patula laminates was investigated through shear and delamination tests. Concentration levels of 2 and 4% of chromated copper arsenate (CCA), and 1.67 and 3.30% of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) were used. Different levels of wood density and wood type (viz. sapwood only and samples with more than 35% heartwood), was considered. Based on the ASTM D905, SANS 10183-...

Circular economy in mass timber construction: State-of-the-art, gaps and pressing research needs
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [General Information] [Journal Article] 2022
N. Ahn, A. Dodoo, M. Riggio, L. Muszynski, L. Schimleck
The building and construction sector is a major contributor to human environmental impact on the planet. It follows that the sector's contribution is also crucial for transition towards a low carbon society and circular economy (CE). Mass timber products, are one of the sustainable alternatives to traditional building materials and have led to the recent revolution in timber construction. In this study, a two-step systematic literature review was used, to define and classify 23 CE-based governin...

Robotic Assembly of Modular Multi-Storey Timber-Only Frame Structures Using Traditional Wood Joinery
https://caadria2022.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2022
Matthias Helmreich, Hannes Mayer, Matteo Pacher, Tadahiro Nakajima, Mitsuhiro Kuroki, Shinya Tsubata, Fabio Gramazio, Matthias Kohler, Eth Zurich
This paper presents a novel approach to computationally designed and robotically assembled modular timber-only structures with traditional wood joinery methods. We geometrically adapt and parametrize five traditional joint typologies to compensate for robotic placement inaccuracies and comply with modern structural requirements. The force-locking capacity of the connections is utilised to support the robotic assembly of five unique timber frame modules of 5.5 by 2.2 by 2.5 metres, each with a un...

Novel SMA Dowel Connections For Seismically Resilient Timber Buildings
https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/handle/1001... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
Maxime Daniel Cléroux
The overarching aim of the current study is to investigate the effectiveness of using superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) SMA bars as slender fasteners in timber dowel-type connections to create a self-centering connection for braced timber frames (BTFs). Initially, the self-centering ability of the SMA bars in bending was evaluated by performing cyclic threepoint bending tests on the SMA bars. The performance of SMA bars used as straight dowels in a single fastener wood-steel-wood connection wa...

Temperature effect on mechanical performance of recycled glulam towards to sustainable production
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2022
S. Gao, L. Zhou, L. Guo, M. Xu, N. Guo
In order to utilize recycled glulam as basic elements in novel composite structural components towards to sustainable production, the physical and mechanical properties of recycled glulam after exposed to elevated temperatures were experimentally studied, by considering the effect of heating duration (2, 4 and 6 h) and heating temperature (60, 100, 120, 160 and 200 °C). The failure modes and strength of the recycled glulam under compression and shear were analyzed respectively in detail. The res...

Seismic behavior of variable friction timber dampers: Experimental and numerical investigation
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
Y.J. Wu, Q.F. Xie, H.S. Lin, L.P. Zhang, H.F. Yang
This paper proposed variable friction timber dampers (VFTDs) made of replaceable grooved timber plates, seismic behavior of such dampers and its influence on the lateral performance and dynamic response of heavy timber frames were investigated. Firstly, in total four specimens with different geometry characteristics and pre-stressing forces were conducted with reversed cyclic loading test. Typical damage and failure modes were identified and hysteretic curves were analyzed. Secondly, a modellin...

Vibration and flexural performance of cross-laminated timber–glulam composite floors
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
M. Shahnewaz, C. Dickof, J. Zhou, T. Tannert
This paper presents experimental research on composite cross-laminated timber (CLT) glulam floors. The composite action was achieved using three different types of connectors. The connector stiffness and strength were determined with small-scale shear tests. Quasi-static monotonic four-point bending and vibration tests were conducted on six full-scale (9.1 m long, 1.6 m wide) double T-beam floor segments consisting of 3-ply CLT panels and two glulam beams. ...

Experimental modal analysis of a cross-laminated timber slab
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
M. Kawrza, T. Furtmüller, C. Adam, R. Maderebner
This paper presents the results of an investigation of the dynamic response of a point-supported cross-laminated timber (CLT) slab without joists with a column grid of 5.0 × 5.0 m and overall dimensions of 16.0 × 11.0 × 0.2 m. The results are based on a detailed experimental modal analysis, identifying seven modes from the dynamic response of 651 measurement points, including natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios....

Prevention of Disproportionate Collapse for Multistory Mass Timber Buildings: Review of Current Practices and Recent Research
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2022
H. Mpidi Bita, J.A.J. Huber, P. Palma, T. Tannert
The expanding height of multistory mass timber buildings makes the development of guidance to prevent disproportionate collapse an increasingly important area of engineering design; however, there is no guidance available in building codes or design standards on how to prevent disproportionate collapse of multistory mass timber buildings. In this paper, practical project-specific solutions applied in constructed prominent multistory mass timber buildings to prevent disproportionate collapse are ...

Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Timber, Steel and Reinforced Concrete Portal Frames: A Theoretical Study on a Norwegian Industrial Building
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/5/573/htm... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2022
O.A. Hegeir, T. Kvande, H. Stamatopoulos, R.A. Bohne
In this paper, an attempt is made to compare the environmental impact of using timber, steel, and reinforced concrete in industrial buildings using life cycle assessment. The system boundary was set to cradle-to-gate with transportation to construction site due to the limitation of data, and only the quantities of the main structural system are considered. ...

Is Timber Coming Back to the Future of Construction?
https://edepot.wur.nl/568815... [Environmental Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
S. Dijsselbloem
As part of the strategy to become carbon neutral and in order to comply with the goals of the Paris Agreement, the Dutch government aims to establish a circular economy in 2050. Recent innovations in engineered biotic materials are being explored as renewable substitutes to primary fossil-based resources, which could play an important role in the establishment of the circular economy. This study presents a scenario analysis in which experts describe their desired future for mass timber construct...