Recent Development in CLT Connections Part II: In-Plane Shear Connection for CLT Bracing Elements under Cyclic Loads
https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/26... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2018
Tobias Schmidt, Hans Joachim Blass
Because of their high shear strength and stiffness, cross-laminated timber (CLT) members are especially suited for in-plane loads. However, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of a CLT structure is mainly determined by properties of the mechanical connections such as dowel-type fasteners. Unfortunately, the load-slip behavior of these typical timber-to-timber connections shows pinched hysteresis loops and impairment of strength. For seismic loads, highly dissipative connections with st...

Mechanical Properties of Innovative Multi-layer Composite Laminated Panels
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327553669... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
Jan Niederwestberg, Jianhui Zhou, Ying Hei Chui
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) possesses both good shape stability and the possible two-way force transfer ability due to its crosswise lamination. However, the transverse layers in CLT are prone to rolling shear failure under an out-of-plane load. An innovative multi-layer composite laminated panel (CLP) was developed by combining structural composite lumber (SCL) and dimension lumber to overcome the rolling shear failure while maintaining high mechanical performance and aesthetic appearance of n...

Fire Design of CLT in Europe
https://dx.doi.org/10.22382/wfs-2018-041?icid=int.... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
irgit Anna-Lisa Östman, Joachim Schmid, Michael Klippel, Alar Just, Norman Werther, Daniel Brandon
The fire safety design of cross-laminated timber (CLT or X-Lam) in Europe is governed by the Construction Products Regulation and its essential requirements, as for all other building products. These requirements are mandatory, to be used in all European countries. They include classification systems for reaction to fire of building products, fire resistance of building elements, and structural Eurocodes. The reaction-to-fire performance of CLT in accordance with the European classification syst...

Fire resistance of unprotected cross-laminated timber floor panels: Parametric study and simplified design
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Fire-resista... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Agnese Menis, Massimo Fragiacomo, IsaiaC lemente
The larger use of cross-laminated timber (XLAM) panels as structural elements has taken the attention of the practitioners and researchers on their design in fire conditions. Simplified analytical design methods for fire resistance of timber structures are provided by the current European standard namely the EN 1995-1-2, however no provisions for XLAM floor panel are provided. The paper presents the results of a parametric investigation carried out on unprotected XLAM floor panels with different...

Dynamic Determination of the Modulus of Elasticity of Maritime Pine Cross-Laminated Panels Using Vibration Methods
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320219162... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2017
Gian Felice Giaccu, Daniel Meloni, Monica Valdés, Massimo Fragiacomo
This paper describes the preliminary results of an ongoing research activity involving Maritime Pine Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels, aimed to exploit the potentialities of this native species of Sardinia. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) is a key parameter for grading wooden products and evaluating the overall mechanical properties of panels. Free Vibration tests can be an effective method to assess the dynamic MOE of wooden products; the method is based on the direct measurement of the firs...

Biomass Boiler Building - California’s first full CLT building opens in Plumas County
https://www.thinkwood.com/projects/biomass-boiler-... [Case Study/Projects] [Web Page] 2020
Think Wood
Meet California’s first full CLT constructed building: the Biomass Boiler Building in Plumas County. The structure leverages the inherent thermal properties of cross-laminated timber to generate heat and energy to the Health and Human Services Department in Quincy, CA....

Hitchcock Center for the Environment
https://www.thinkwood.com/projects/hitchcock-cente... [Case Study/Projects] [Web Page] 2020
Think Wood
The Hitchcock Center for the Environment took on the Living Building Challenge in the construction of its world-class 9,000 square foot environmental education center....

Screwed joints in cross laminated timber structures
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Screwed-join... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2014
Georg Flatscher, Katarina Bratulic, Gerhard Schickhofer
Approximately 60% of all joints in solid timber structures assembled with Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) are realised with screws. Although, the behaviour of axially loaded self-tapping single screws is already well known, only minor experiences are available regarding the behaviour of screwed wall joints. Furthermore, since seismic resistance of CLT structures depends to a great amount on the connections’ ability to dissipate energy, it is important to extend the knowledge on their behaviour more...

Structural Behaviour of Point-Supported CLT Floor Systems
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308717980... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Marjan Popovski, Zhiyong Chen, Bernhard Gafner
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the structural behaviour and dynamic characteristics of an innovative, double-span, point-supported Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) floor system for an 18-stroey wood-hybrid student residence building at the University of British Columbia Campus in Vancouver, Canada. Eighteen CLT floor specimens with or without service openings were fabricated by three manufacturers and tested. The fundamental natural frequency, stiffness and deformability, load-...

Seismic design of a 10-storey CLT building
https://library.fpinnovations.ca/en/viewer?file=%2... [Seismic Performance] [Report] 2013
Follesa, M. Vassallo, D. Christovasilis, I.P.
This report presents the seismic design of a 10-storey Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) building in Vancouver, BC, conducted according to the National Building Code of Canada. The multi-storey condominium consists of 20 apartments for a total floor area of about 2000 m2. First, a preliminary simplified model is formulated assuming the same stiffness per meter for each wall of the building. The Equivalent Seismic Force Procedure is applied and the results serve for a preliminary design of all the maj...

Changing Failure Modes of Cross-Laminated Timber
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316102120... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2016
Richard Emberley, Alexander Nicolaidis, Dilum Fernando, Jose L. Torero
Cross-laminated timber relies on the adhesive layer between adjacent timber plies to provide composite action between the lamella for increased member strength and stiffness. Previous research has shown that adhesive loses normal and shear stiffness at elevated temperatures increasing the slip between adjacent timber plies. Slip in the bond layer results in reduced composite action increased deflections and a potential loss in ultimate strength in the CLT member. In order to study the effects of...

Influence of boundary conditions in modal testing on evaluated elastic properties of timber panels
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287047502... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Jan Niederwestberg, Jianhui Zhou, Ying Chui
Cross laminated timber (CLT) has the potential to play a major role in timber construction as floor and wall systems. In order to meet specific design needs and to make the use of CLT more effective, property evaluation of individual CLT panels is desirable. Static tests are time-consuming and therefore costly, and for massive products such as CLT practically impossible to implement. Modal testing offers a fast and more practical tool for the property evaluation of CLT and timber panels in gener...

Cross (CLT) and diagonal (DLT) laminated timber as innovative material for beam elements
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cross-(CLT)-... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2011
Ireneusz Bejtka
Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a plate-like multi layer element with crosswise arrangement of lamellas. CLT could be used for long-span beams in particular with tensile stresses perpendicular to the beam axis. Within this work, CLT beams were optimised, resulting in diagonal orientated timber (DLT). Both CLT and DLT beams were tested in edgewise bending. Their load-carrying behaviour was studied using experimental results and finite element analysis. ...

In-plane shear modulus of cross-laminated timber by diagonal compression test
https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploa... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Sven Berg, Jonas Turesson, Mats Ekevad, Anders Björnfot
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood material that is used in the construction industry, e.g., for floors, walls, and beams. In cases where CLT-elements are used as shear walls, the in-plane-stiffness is an important property. For non-edge glued CLT, in-plane shear stiffness is lower than for edge-glued CLT. To evaluate the non-edge glued CLT panels in-plane shear modulus, the diagonal compression test and finite element (FE) simulation was used. FE-models with both isotropic and o...

Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels under Cyclic Loads
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F97... [Mechanical Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2014
Igor Gavric, Massimo Fragiacomo, Marjan Popovski, Ario Ceccotti
In this paper, the behaviour of cross-lam (CLT) wall systems under cyclic loads is examined. Experimental investigations of single walls and adjacent wall panels (coupled walls) in terms of cyclic behaviour under lateral loading carried out ìn Italy at IVALSA Trees and Timber Institute and in Canada at FPInnovations are presented. Different classifications of the global behaviour of CLT wall systems are introduced. Typical failure mechanisms are discussed and provisions for a proper CLT wall sei...

News – Timber Structures | ETH Zurich
https://frangi.ibk.ethz.ch/aktuell.html?batch_name... [Markets] [Web Page] 2020
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
Recent publications...

In-Plane Behavior of Timber-Steel Hybrid Floor Diaphragms: Experimental Testing and Numerical Simulation
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304711424... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2016
Zheng Li, Minjuan He, Zhong Ma, Kangli Wang, Renle Ma
This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies on the in-plane behavior of a novel timber-steel hybrid floor diaphragm. The proposed diaphragm system consists of C-shaped thin-walled steel members that are used as joists and dimension lumber that is placed on top of the joists to form a timber decking. The dimension lumber is further connected to the steel joists by screws. In-plane loading tests were conducted to investigate the failure modes, in-plane load resisting capa...

Hot-Pressed Dowels in Bonded-in Rod Timber Connections
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275330393... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2015
Wen-Shao Chang
Bonded-in rod connections are becoming a more and more popular method in the construction industry for connecting timber. These connections are favored for their versatility. The most commonly used system is bonded-in steel rods, which are typically prone to brittle failures. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of hot-pressed wooden rods as an alternative to conventional steel bonded-in rod systems, which have better material harmonization and exclude the use of adhesives. The...

Performance evaluation of multi-storey cross-laminated timber structures under different earthquake hazard levels
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs1... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
Xiaofeng Sun, Minjuan He, Zheng Li, Zhan Shu
The inter-storey drift limitations are meaningful reference values for structural seismic performance evaluation. This paper presents an analytical investigation into the seismic performance of multi-storey cross-laminated timber (CLT) structures to obtain the drift limitations under different earthquake hazard levels reasonably. The Pinching4 model was used to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of three types of connections used in CLT structures, and a numerical model was further devel...

An overview of the tallest timber buildings in the world
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338913741... [Tall Buildings] [Conference Paper] 2019
Vittorio Salvadori
What does define a Tall Timber Building? What are the limits for the height for a building with mainly timber structure? These are some of the questions that were discussed at the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat which took place in Dubai in October 2018. In this meeting, it emerges the necessity to clarify the difference between Tall Buildings which use timber as a main structural material. In this first meeting, the need emerged to clarif...