Experimental Seismic Response of a Full-Scale Six-Story Light-Frame Wood Building
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245305577... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2010
John W. van de Lindt, Shiling Pei, Steven E. Pryor, Hiroshi Isoda
In July 2009, a full-scale midrise light-frame wood apartment building was subjected to a series of earthquakes at the world's largest shake table in Mild, Japan. This article focuses on the test results of that full-scale six-story light-frame wood building. The objectives of the testing program were to (1) demonstrate that the performance-based seismic design procedure developed as part of the NEESWood project worked on the full-scale building, i.e., validate the design philosophy to the exten...

Micro and material climate monitoring in wooden buildings in sub-Alpine environm
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323494009... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2018
Davor Kržišnik, Boštjan Lesar, Nejc Thaler, Miha Humar
Wood is one of the most important construction materials and its use in building applications has further expanded in recent decades. In order to enable even more extensive and reliable use of wood in outdoor applications, factors affecting wood's service life need to be understood. It is well known that fungal degradation of wood is predominantly affected by temperature (T) and moisture content (MC). In order to elucidate the influence of these two factors, long term monitoring of T, relative h...

On the use of timber-based panels for the seismic retrofit of masonry structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333752185... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2017
Ivan Giongo, Gianni Schiro, Maurizio Piazza
The paper focuses on possibility of using timber based panels in seismic strengthening of existing masonry structures. The overall idea is to improve the performance of historical residential buildings under lateral loading, by fixing timber panels to the internal side of the masonry walls. This means a sustainable retrofit solution that permits to reduce seismic vulnerability while preserving the original external façades. The result is a hybrid system where the two components collaborate in re...

Numerical Simulation for the Seismic Behaviour of Mid-Rise CLT Shear Walls with Coupling Beams
http://www.adivbois.org/wp-content/uploads/Can_0_T... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Jingjing Liu, Frank Lam
In this paper, an innovative type of mid-rise Cross Laminated Timber shear walls with coupling beams was designed. The 5-layer CLT panels were continuous along the height. Hold-downs and angle brackets were installed at the bottom of the panels. Coupling beams with energy dissipation devices were used to decrease the deformation and internal forces of the walls, providing adequate stiffness and strength. A numerical model was developed in OpenSees for a six storey prototype to investigate its se...

Simplified Analytical models for Coupled CLT Walls
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307438342... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2016
Antonio Sandoli, Daniel Moroder, Stefano Pampanin, Bruno Calderoni
The use of coupled CLT walls in the field of timber building is strongly increasing, thanks especially their easiness of construction and transportation. In this paper, for a single wall made of two coupled panels, an equivalent frame model for the corresponding analysis is proposed, based on both a simplified and more detailed procedure. The equivalent frame for a single wall consists of a beam cantilever element, with a specific flexural and shear stiffness, that takes into account the influen...

Quasi-static tests on a two-story CLT building
http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2020
Filipe T Matos, Jorge M Branco, Patrício Rocha, Thomas Demschner, Paulo B Lourenço
A two-story full-scale CLT building of 4.5 m x 9.1 m in plan, with a height of 5.04 12 m, was tested under quasi-static monotonic and cyclic loading for platform-type construction. The main objectives were to evaluate the global response of the structure, the performance of the shear walls, the behaviour of the connectors (hold-downs and angle brackets) and the frequency response of the structure during the tests. Lateral loads were applied on the storeys inducing torsion to the building. Loadin...

A 30 level cross laminated timber building system and analysis of the eurocode dynamic wind loads
https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/... [Other] [Conference Paper] 2012
J. Chapman, T. Reynolds, R. Harris
This paper looks at the possibility of using cross-laminated timber construction, which is commonly referred to as CLT, to support commercial buildings to thirty levels. A prototype building structure is proposed and analysed. The main structural elements, including a central tube core, columns and beams, are made of CLT. The CLT panels are arranged to ensure structural efficiency with minimal material wastage. A building of this height has the potential to undergo significant vibration in respo...

Steel-Timber Hybrid Floors - Lowering the Embodied Impacts of Steel Frame Multi-Storey Construction
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277301643... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Kwesi Okutu, Danielle Densley Tingley, John Buick Davison, Jon Carr
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels have been hypothesised for use in an innovative construction technique for multi-storey buildings. Utilised as floor slabs, the panels are combined with Asymmetric Slimflor Beams (ASBs) within a steel-frame. This system exploits the benefits of Design-for-Deconstruction, allowing the potential reuse of all superstructure elements, which is not currently possible with traditional composite steel frames. Using timber in place of concrete also results in a supers...

Compression perpendicular to the grain of Cross-Laminated Timber: Influence of support conditions of CLT on compressive strength and stiffness
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=d... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2018
Qibin Huang, Anitha Joy
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) has recently become a popular construction material for building timber structures. One advantage of CLT is, that it can be used as floor, beam and wall element. As the arrangements of layers in CLT is in perpendicular direction to each other, it exhibits remarkable strength properties in both in-plane directions. However, the low stiffness and strength properties in compression perpendicular to the grain hinder application of CLT in high rising building, since force...

Edge Joints with Dowel Type Fasteners in Cross Laminated Timber
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/197561728.pdf... [Connectors] [Report] 2007
T. Uibel, H.J. Blaß
During the 39th meeting of CIB-W18 the authors presented proposals for the calculation of the load carrying capacity of joints with dowel type fasteners positioned perpendicular to the plane of cross laminated timber (CLT) [4]. In continuation of the research project [1] the load carrying capacity of edge joints with dowels and screws in CLT was examined. To calculate the load carrying capacity of dowel-type fasteners according to Johansen’s yield theory [2], [3] the yield moment of the fastener...

Engineering Evaluation of 55-Year-Old Timber Columns Recycled from an Industrial Military Building
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/falk00a... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2000
Robert H Falk, David Green, Douglas Rammer, Scott F Lantz
A large sample of timber was collected from a 548,000-ft.2 (50,900-m2) World War II era industrial military building containing approximately 1,875,000 board feet (4,400 m3) of lumber and timber. Sixty 12-foot- (3.6-m-) long, nominal 8- by 8-inches (190-by 190-mm) Douglas-fir columns were tested at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, and the results were compared with the National Design Specification allowable design capacity. The effects of seasoning checks and splits on resid...

Seismic Behavior of CLT Shear Walls Connected with Tensile Bolted Joints and Screwed Steel Joints
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332715780... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2019
Yunxiang Zhang, Kenji Kobayashi, Motoi Yasumura
In order to provide the mechanical properties and seismic performance of CLT shear walls to which tensile bolted joints and screwed steel joints were applied for vertical restraint, cyclic lateral loading tests and pseudo-dynamic tests were conducted on 3-ply sugi CLT shear walls. Moreover, the analytical model was validated by comparing the time-history earthquake response analysis and pseudo-dynamic test results for these types of shear walls. The relation between the magnitude of input ground...

Mass timber - the emergence of a modern construction material
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mass-timber-... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2017
Annette M. Harte
Abstract In the move towards sustainable construction, timber and wood-based products are becoming increasingly important structural materials. The introduction of mass timber products with excellent load carrying characteristics allows timber to be used in larger, more complex structures. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel products have developed to the stage where they can be considered as economic and more sustainable alternatives to traditional materials. In this paper, the characteristics a...

Mass Timber Buildings and the IBC
https://members.awc.org/resource/collection/7C07FA... [Standards/Building code] [Presentation] 2020
Jason Smart
Changes to the 2021 International Building Code allow for construction of mass timber buildings with larger heights and areas than is currently permitted in Types III, IV, and V construction. This presentation will provide an overview of fire design of mass timber building elements and assemblies, and protection of connections. New code provisions for special inspection of tall mass timber structures will also be discussed. Additional options for acoustics and energy performance will be present...

Overstrength of dowelled CLT connections under monotonic and cyclic loading
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319633309... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2017
Lisa-Mareike Ottenhaus, Minghao Li, Tobias Smith, Pierre Quenneville
This paper presents an evaluation of overstrength based on an experimental study on dowelled connections in Cross Laminated Timber (CLT). Connection overstrength needs to be well understood in order to ensure that ductile system behaviour and energy dissipation can be achieved under seismic loading. Overstrength is defined as the difference between the code-based strength, using characteristic material strengths, and the 95th percentile of the true strength distribution. Many aspects contribute ...

Post-Flashover Fires in Light and Heavy Timber Construction Compartments
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249355482... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2002
Tuula Hakkarainen
A series of fire experiments was performed to study the gas temperature development and charring behaviour of timber construction compartments. The measured gas temperatures were 300-500 C lower than predicted by the parametric temperature-time curves of Eurocode 1 for unprotected and insufficiently protected timber structures. For structures protected with a double layer of gypsum plasterboard, the agreement was better. In all cases, however, the prediction was on the safe side. One protective ...

Effect of soil-structure interaction on seismic performance of Tuned Mass Dampers in buildings
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334030339... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
Davide Noè Gorini, Corrado Chisari
uned Mass Dampers (TMDs) are aimed at mitigating vibrations of a structure under seismic or wind excitation by tuning the characteristics of the device to control specific resonance frequencies of the structure. However, the vibration modes of a structure can be considerably altered by the interaction with soil, leading to a loss of efficiency of the device. This paper shows the preliminary results of a study aimed at formulating a methodology for the design of TMDs accounting for soil-structure...

Technical — XLam
https://www.xlam.co.nz/technical.html... [Commercial/Company Information] [Web Page] 2020
XLam
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Systematic experimental investigation to support the development of seismic performance factors for cross laminated timber shear wall systems
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2018/fpl_201... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
M Omar Amini, John W Van De Lindt, Douglas Rammer, Shiling Pei, Philip Line, Marjan Popovski
In the US, codified seismic design procedure requires the use of seismic performance factors which are currently not available for CLT shear wall systems. The study presented herein focuses on the determination of seismic design factors for CLT shear walls in platform type construction using the FEMA P-695 process. Results from the study will be proposed for implementation in the seismic design codes in the US. The project approach is out¬lined and selected results of full-scale shear wall testi...

Mass Timber Has Banks Seeing Green
https://www.apawood.org/autumn-2019-designers-circ... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2019
APA
Mass timber is paying dividends in Fredericksburg, Texas, and in Shawnee, Oklahoma, thanks to a forward-thinking client and an architecture firm up for a new challenge. In envisioning two new branch buildings, First United Bank wanted structures that aligned with their sustainability initiative. Gensler architects responded with an innovative design and building materials....