Evaluation of Lumber from Deconstructed Portland Residential Buildings
https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/28... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019
R. Arbelaez, L. Schimleck, J. Dahlen, S. Wood
Portland, Oregon was the first U.S. city to implement a deconstruction ordinance in 2016. Although salvaged lumber from deconstructed dwellings can have high demand, the market for small-sized lumber is near saturation. New applications for this material are required for market development, industry diversification and the possible expansion of the deconstruction ordinance. Its use in mass timber is an option, but presently no wood property information exists for lumber from deconstructed dwelli...

Embedment strength of smooth dowel-type fasteners in cross-laminated timber
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Embedment-st... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2020
Weiqun Dong, Zhiqiang Wang, Jianhui Zhou, Hao Zhang, Yue Yao, Wei Zheng, Meng Gong, Xinyi Shi
Embedment strength is a fundamental parameter for dowel-type connection design in timber structures. It is known as a system property dependent on the characteristics of both the fastener and the wood material. The orthogonal layup in cross-laminated timber (CLT) differentiates it from solid timber (ST) and glued-laminated timber (GLT) in terms of connection properties. The effects of CLT layup feature (i.e., the thickness ratio of transverse layer to the total thickness, TRTL) as well as wood d...

Bending performance of nail-laminated timber constructed of fast-grown plantation eucalypt
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-019... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019
Mohammad Derikvand, Hui Hui Jiao, Nathan Nathan Kotlarewski, Michael Michael Lee, Andrew Chan, Gregory Gregory Nolan
Australia’s hardwood plantation estate is predominantly comprised of Eucalyptus nitens and Eucalyptus globulus, which are mainly being managed to produce woodchips—a low-value commodity export. There is an increasing interest by the timber industry in developing higher-value structural products from the low-grade timber recovered from these plantation resources. In this experimental study, for the first time, the bending performance of nail-laminated timber (NLT) and NLT-concrete composite (NLTC...

Bending and Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Fabricated with Canadian Hemlock
http://tsp.techscience.com//uploads/attached/file/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019
Gengmu Ruan, Haibei Xiong, Jiawei Chen
In this paper, bending performance and rolling shear properties of crosslaminated timber (CLT) panels made from Canadian hemlock were investigated by varied approaches. Firstly, three groups of bending tests of three-layer CLT panels with different spans were carried out. Different failure modes were obtained: bending failure, rolling shear failure, bonding line failure, local failure of the outer layer and mixed failure mode. Deflection and strain measurements were employed to calculate the glo...

Seismic design of floor–wall joints of multi-storey CLT buildings to comply with regularity in elevation
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s105... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Davide Trutalli, Luca Pozza
he effects of irregularity in elevation of cross-laminated timber buildings have not been fully analysed in literature to provide useful information for the design. In this work, a number of building configurations, regular or irregular in elevation, characterized by a different arrangement per storey of the floor–wall joints have been analysed by means of non-linear dynamic analyses. Comparative results in terms of ratio between the behaviour q-factor of the investigated irregular configuration...

Analysis of Full-Scale Fire-resistance Tests of Structural Composite Lumber Beams
https://www.bcfii.ca/sites/default/files/report/FP... [Fire Performance] [Report] 2014
Christian Dagenais
The key objective of this study is to analyze full-scale fire-resistance tests conducted on structural composite lumber (SCL), namely laminated veneer lumber (LVL), parallel strand lumber (PSL) and laminated strand lumber (LSL). A sub-objective is to evaluate the encapsulation performance of Type X gypsum board directly applied to SCL beams and its contribution to fire-resistance of wood elements. The test data is being used to further support the applicability of the newly developed Canadian ca...

Radiation Efficiency of Cross Laminated Timber Panels by Finite Element Modelling
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338209580... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2019
Jianhui Zhou, Behzad Vafaeian, Ying Hei Chui
Tall wood buildings are gaining an increasing interest in North America due to the recent development of mass timber panels and construction techniques. Cross laminated timber (CLT) is one of the most popular mass timber products, which consists of an odd number of orthogonal layers of dimensional lumber planks glued together by a structural adhesive. The cross-laminated layered structure in CLT makes it a dimensional stable engineered wood panel, but...

CWC Applauds Ontarios Decision on Mid-Rise
https://cwc.ca/cwc-applauds-ontarios-decision-on-m... [Tall Buildings] [Others] 2014
The Canadian Wood Council
The Canadian Wood Council (CWC) and Wood WORKS! Ontario are pleased with the announcement made today by the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing, MPP Ted McMeekin, the Minister of Natural Resources and Forestry, MPP Bill Mauro, and the Minister of Northern Development and Mines, MPP Michael Gravelle, that Ontario will enact code changes to allow the use of wood-frame construction in buildings of up to six-storeys....

CLT Fire Resistance Tests in Support of Tall Wood Building Demonstration Projects
https://www.bcfii.ca/sites/default/files/report/FP... [Fire Performance] [Report] 2014
Lindsay Osborne
Two fire tests were conducted at National Research Council Canada (NRC) in order to determine the fire resistance rating (FRR) of two structural assemblies. One wall and one floor were evaluated in accordance with CAN/ULC S101 [1]. The floor assembly, which consisted of a simulated concrete topping, a 175 mm 5-ply CLT E1 stress grade conforming to ANSI/APA PRG-320 [2], insulation, and one layer of 16 mm Type X gypsum board attached to resilient metal channels and Z bars, had a failure time of 2 ...

Compression strength perpendicular to grain in cross-laminated timber (CLT)
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Compression-... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2010
Erik Serrano, Bertil Enquist
The work presented involved testing of the compression strength of square specimens made from threelayer CLT. In one of the test set-ups a uniform compression over the complete square face of the specimen was used - similar to what is defined in the current European test standard for glued-laminated timber. In addition, several other test set-ups involving loading of only parts of the specimens’ square surface by line loads was investigated. The use of line loads aimed at investigating the effec...

Ductility Based Force Reduction Factors for Symmetrical Cross-Laminated Timber Structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274959160... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2015
Marjan Popovski, Shiling Pei, John W. van de Lindt, Erol Karacabeyli
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) as a structural system has not been fully introduced in European or North American building codes. One of the most important issues for designers of CLT structures in earthquake prone regions when equivalent static design procedure is used, are the values for the force modification factors (R-factors) for this structural system. Consequently, the objective of this study was to derive suitable ductility-based force modification factors (Rd-factors) for seismic design ...

Characterisation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Unthinned and Unpruned Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus nitens H.Deane & Maiden Lumber
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/2/194... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019
Mohammad Derikvand, Nathan Kotlarewski, Michael Lee, Hui Jiao, Gregory Nolan
The use of fast-growing plantation eucalypt (i.e., pulpwood eucalypt) in the construction of high-value structural products has received special attention from the timber industry in Australia and worldwide. There is still, however, a significant lack of knowledge regarding the physical and mechanical properties of the lumber from such plantation resources as they are mainly being managed to produce woodchips. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of lumber from a 16-year-old pul...

Experimental investigations and design provisions of steel-to-timber joints with annular-ringed shank nails for Cross-Laminated Timber structures 2
https://arts.units.it/retrieve/handle/11368/288220... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2016
Matteo Izzi, Georg Flatscher, Massimo Fragiacomo, Gerhard Schickhofer
14 This paper investigates the mechanical and the hysteretic behaviour of steel-to-timber joints with 15 annular-ringed shank nails in Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT). These fasteners are used to anchor 16 typical metal connectors, such as hold-downs and angle brackets, to the CLT panels. The 17 experimental programme presented in the paper was carried out at the Institute of Timber Engineering 18 and Wood Technology, Graz University of Technology (Graz, Austria). Average and characteristic 19 valu...

Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example)
http://www.imo.org.tr/resimler/dosya_ekler/22a0e29... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Žiga Unuk, Vesna Žegarac Leskovar, Miroslav Premrov
The trend of renewing old masonry buildings and provision of new housing, public and other areas without using new building blocks is becoming increasingly important to ensure the conformity of the renovated buildings with the current technical regulations. One compliance aspect is the load-bearing function, which to a large degree depends on the floor structures. As old masonry buildings often have timber floors, the purpose of this article is to provide insight into the field of timber floor s...

A Building System for Connected Sustainability
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fa42/8172b89bdef7... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2012
Sotirios D Kotsopoulos, Carla Farina, Federico Casalegno, Andrea Briani, Paolo Simeone, Raffaele Bindinelli, Gaia Pasetto
An innovative building approach for the envelope of a prototype connected house, as a modular, transportable structure of sustainable components, incorporating X-lam panels and wood, is presented. This demonstration shows that it is possible to use wood, for contemporary prefabricated connected, sustainable buildings....

Combustible construction - The Canadian Wood Council - CWC : The Canadian Wood C
https://cwc.ca/how-to-build-with-wood/codes-standa... [Markets] [other]

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Resilient Infrastructure Cross Laminated Timber Walls with Openings: In-Plane Stiffness Prediction and Sensitivity Analysis
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/910b/1bc781f9e069... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Md Shahnewaz, Canada M Shahria Alam, Canada Thomas Tannert, Canada Marjan Popovski, Canada null
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is gaining popularity in residential and non-residential applications in the North American construction market. An accurate quantification of in-plane stiffness of the CLT walls with openings is required to design a CLT structure subjected to lateral loads. Nevertheless, till today, no general approach is available for the design of CLT-members loaded in plane and there are no standardized methods for determining the stiffness of CLT shearwalls in the respective mat...

Feasibility Study of Mass-Timber Cores for the UBC Tall Wood Building
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Feasibility-... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2018
Thomas Connolly, Cristiano Loss, Asif Iqbal, Thomas Tannert
The UBC Brock Commons building in Vancouver, which comprises of 18 stories and stands 53 m in height, was at the time of completion in 2016 the world’s tallest hybrid wood-based building. The building’s 17 stories of mass-timber superstructure, carrying all gravity loads, rest on a concrete podium with two concrete cores that act as both the wind and seismic lateral load-resisting systems. Whereas the construction of the concrete cores took fourteen weeks in time, the mass-timber superstructure ...

Feasibility Study of Mass-Timber Cores for the UBC Tall Wood Building
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3388/3dec35d45c31... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2018
Thomas Connolly, Cristiano Loss, Asif Iqbal, Thomas Tannert
The UBC Brock Commons building in Vancouver, which comprises of 18 stories and stands 53 m in height, was at the time of completion in 2016 the worlds tallest hybrid wood-based building. The buildings 17 stories of mass-timber superstructure, carrying all gravity loads, rest on a concrete podium with two concrete cores that act as both the wind and seismic lateral load-resisting systems. Whereas the construction of the concrete cores took fourteen weeks in time, the mass-timber superstructure to...

Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334140005... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Žiga Unuk, Vesna Žegarac Leskovar, Miroslav Premrov
The trend of renewing old masonry buildings and provision of new housing, public and other areas without using new building blocks is becoming increasingly important to ensure the conformity of the renovated buildings with the current technical regulations. One compliance aspect is the load-bearing function, which to a large degree depends on the floor structures. As old masonry buildings often have timber floors, the purpose of this article is to provide insight into the field of timber floor s...