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Elastic behavior of Cross Laminated Timber and timber panels with regular gaps: Thick-plate modeling and experimental validation
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315669327... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2017 L. Franzoni, A. Lebée, F. Lyon, G. Forêt In the present paper, the influence of periodic gaps between lamellas of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) on the panel’s elastic behavior is analyzed by means of a periodic homogenization scheme for thick plates having periodic geometry. Both small gaps, due to the fabrication process of not-gluing lateral lamellas, and wider gaps are investigated. The results obtained with the periodic homogenization scheme are compared to existing closed-form solutions an... |
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Albina Yard - Creative Office space for small businesses
https://www.thinkwood.com/our-projects/albina-yard... [Case Study/Projects] [Web Page] 2020 Think Wood Albina Yard is a 4-story, 16,000 sq foot commercial office building in Portland, Oregon. Its key feature is the use of mass timber construction—with glue-laminated timber frame and cross-laminated timber panels it’s the first to use domestically fabricated CLT for a building-wide structural system in the United States. The glue-laminated timber frame and CLT panels were fabricated at D.R. Johnson Lumber Co. in Riddle, Oregon.... |
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Multiplier Effect: High Performance Construction Assemblies and Urban Density in US Housing
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-64... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2013 Eero Puurunen, Alan Organschi The suburban house—an emblem of the 20th century American Dream—has come to symbolize unsustainable excess in the new millennium. For the homeowner, the single family home is increasingly burdensome to finance and maintain; for planners and policy makers, suburban sprawl has undermined efforts to limit land consumption and mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While the link between sprawl and transportation emissions is well-established, the atmospheric impacts in the construct... |
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Arbora - Mass Timber Makes for Massive Multi-Family Complex in the Heart of Montréal
https://www.thinkwood.com/our-projects/arbora... [Case Study/Projects] [Web Page] 2020 Think Wood Central to Montréal’s up and coming Griffintown neighborhood, the all-wood Arbora project is the largest complex of its kind in the world built from mass timber. The innovative development demonstrates how mass timber can be a great fit for multifamily construction and design.... |
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Bending properties of Innovative Multi-Layer Composite Laminated Panels
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327732163... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2018 Jianhui Zhou, Jan Niederwestberg, Ying Chui, Meng Gong An innovative multi-layer (3 and 5) composite laminated panel (CLP) with various layups were developed using sawn lumber and structural composite lumber (SCL) to address the rolling shear and gap issues of cross laminated timber (CLT). The bending properties including apparent and effective bending stiffness, shear stiffness, moment capacities and failure modes of CLPs were evaluated by a combination of modal tests and third-point bending tests of beam specimens cut from the panels. The static b... |
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Multi-Storey Prestressed Timber Buildings in New Zealand
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233638925... [Case Study/Projects] [Journal Article] 2008 Andy Buchanan, Bruce Deam, Massimo Fragiacomo, Stefano Pampanin, Alessandro Palermo This paper describes recent research and development of a new system for multi-storey prestressed timber buildings in New Zealand. The new system gives opportunities for much greater use of timber and engineered wood products in large buildings, using innovative technologies for creating high-quality buildings with large open spaces, excellent living and working environments, and resistance to hazards such as earthquakes, fires and extreme weather events.... |
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Influence of wood moisture content on bending and shear stiffness of cross laminated timber panels
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00107-010-0416-z... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2010 Arne Gulzow, Klaus Richter, Rene Steiger The bending and shear stiffness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) made from softwood depend on the moisture content of the panel. In principle, the stiffness properties drop with increasing moisture content within the hygroscopic range. However, swelling provokes closing of open gaps of the middle layers and leads to an apparent increase of stiffness due to internal friction. This increase in stiffness is only relevant for low deflections and can provoke misinterpretation of measuring results when... |
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Behaviour of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels under Cyclic Loads
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7811-5_62... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2014 Igor Gavric, Massimo Fragiacomo, Marjan Popovski, Ario Ceccotti In this paper, the behaviour of cross-lam (CLT) wall systems under cyclic loads is examined. Experimental investigations of single walls and adjacent wall panels (coupled walls) in terms of cyclic behaviour under lateral loading carried out ìn Italy at IVALSA Trees and Timber Institute and in Canada at FPInnovations are presented. Different classifications of the global behaviour of CLT wall systems are introduced. Typical failure mechanisms are discussed and provisions for a proper CLT wall sei... |
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News from APA - First Tech Federal Credit Union Finds Mass Timber Affordable Choice
https://www.apawood.org/Blog/ViewArchive.aspx?mont... [Case Study/Projects] [Report] 2018 APA APA – The Engineered Wood Association Skip over navigation The leading resource for information about engineered wood products Technical Research Manufacturer Directory Contact Products Plywood Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Specialty Panels Concrete Form Panels Overlaid (HDO/MDO) Siding Radiant Barrier Panels Industrial End-Use Glulam I-Joist Rim Board Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Structural Composite Lumber (SCL) Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) Laminated Strand Lumber ... |
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Moment and shear capacity of Ply-lam composed with plywood and structural timber under out-of-plane bending
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs1... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2019 Sung-Jun Pang, Hyeon-Jeong Lee, Seung Min Yang, Seog Goo Kang, Jung-Kwon Oh The aim of this study was to investigate the moment and shear capacity of Ply-lam which is composed with plywood and structural timber. The moment and shear capacity of Ply-lam were predicted by using prediction methodologies for typical cross-laminated timber (CLT). The predicted values by the methodologies were verified by comparison with measured capacities. Fifty-eight specimens of Ply-lam (five layers) were manufactured and half of the specimens were tested for bending (span-to-depth ratio ... |
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Damage assessment and performance-based seismic design of timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286897716... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2014 Zheng Li, Minjuan He, Minghao Li, Frank Lam This paper presents a reliability-based analysis on seismic performance of timber-steel hybrid shear wall systems. Such system is composed of steel moment resisting frame and infill wood frame shear wall. The performance criteria of the hybrid system with respect to different seismic hazard levels were determined through a damage assessment process, and the effectiveness of the infill wood shear walls on improving the seismic performance of the hybrid systems was evaluated. Performance curves we... |
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Effects of embedment side and loading direction on embedment strength of cross-laminated timber for smooth dowels
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00107-0... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2020 Weiqun Dong, Qiao Li, Zhiqiang Wang, Hao Zhang, Xiaoning Lu, Meng Gong Embedment strength is a decisive mechanical property of the dowel-type connection in cross-laminated timber (CLT) structures. Dowels can be installed in the plane or/and narrow side of CLT, which may result in different dowel embedment strength. To investigate the effects of embedment side and loading direction on the embedment strength of CLT, six groups of cubic specimens with predrilled half-holes, including three embedment positions and two loading directions, were tested according to the AS... |
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Numerical Study of Alternative Seismic-Resisting Systems for CLT Buildings
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329000057... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2018 Cristiano Loss, Stefano Pacchioli, Andrea Polastri, Daniele Casagrande, Luca Pozza, Ian Smith Changes to building codes that enable use of materials such as cross-laminated timber (CLT) in mid- and high-rise construction are facilitating sustainable urban development in various parts of the world. Keys to this are the transition to multi-performance-based design approaches along with fewer limitations on heights or the number of storeys in superstructures constructed from combustible materials. Architects and engineers have increased freedom to apply new design and construction concepts ... |
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Fire-Resistance Test Report of E1 Stress Grade Cross-Laminated Timber Assemblies
https://www.bcfii.ca/sites/default/files/report/FP... [Fire Performance] [Report] 2013 Lindsay Osborne, Christian Dagenais A series of 3 cross-laminated timber (CLT) fire-resistance tests were conducted in accordance with ULC S101 standard as required in the National Building Code of Canada. The first two tests were 3-ply wall assemblies which were 105 mm thick, one unprotected and the other protected with an intumescent coating, FLAMEBLOC® GS 200, on the exposed surface. The walls were loaded to 295 kN/m (20 250 lb./ft.). The unprotected assembly failed structurally after 32 minutes, and the protected assembly fail... |
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Ductility Based Force Reduction Factors for Symmetrical Cross-Laminated Timber Structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274959160... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2015 Marjan Popovski, Shiling Pei, John W. van de Lindt, Erol Karacabeyli Cross-laminated timber (CLT) as a structural system has not been fully introduced in European or North American building codes. One of the most important issues for designers of CLT structures in earthquake prone regions when equivalent static design procedure is used, are the values for the force modification factors (R-factors) for this structural system. Consequently, the objective of this study was to derive suitable ductility-based force modification factors (Rd-factors) for seismic design ... |
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Innovative composite steel-timber floors with prefabricated modular components
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109977/3/Innovative... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2017 Cristiano Loss , Buick Davison An innovative steel-timber composite floor for use in multi-storey residential buildings is presented. The research 9 demonstrates the potential of these steel-timber composite systems in terms of bearing capacity, stiffness and method of 10 construction. Such engineered solutions should prove to be sustainable since they combine recyclable materials in the 11 most effective way. The floors consist of prefabricated ultralight modular components, with a Cross-Laminated Timber 12 (CLT) slab, joine... |
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Bending and Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Fabricated with Canadian Hemlock
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Bending-and-... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019 Gengmu Ruan, Haibei Xiong, Jiawei Chen In this paper, bending performance and rolling shear properties of crosslaminated timber (CLT) panels made from Canadian hemlock were investigated by varied approaches. Firstly, three groups of bending tests of three-layer CLT panels with different spans were carried out. Different failure modes were obtained: bending failure, rolling shear failure, bonding line failure, local failure of the outer layer and mixed failure mode. Deflection and strain measurements were employed to calculate the glo... |
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Bending and Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Fabricated with Canadian Hemlock
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7cca/7135228a2793... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019 Gengmu Ruan, Haibei Xiong, Jiawei Chen In this paper, bending performance and rolling shear properties of crosslaminated timber (CLT) panels made from Canadian hemlock were investigated by varied approaches. Firstly, three groups of bending tests of three-layer CLT panels with different spans were carried out. Different failure modes were obtained: bending failure, rolling shear failure, bonding line failure, local failure of the outer layer and mixed failure mode. Deflection and strain measurements were employed to calculate the glo... |
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The Case for Tall Wood Buildings
https://cwc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/publicat... [Markets] [Report] 2012 Michael C Green The report describes a new structural system in wood that represents the first significant challenge to concrete and steel structures since their inception in tall building design more than a century ago. The introduction of these ideas is driven by the need to find safe, carbon-neutral and sustainable alternatives to the incumbent structural materials of the urban world. The potential market for these ideas is quite simply enormous. The proposed solutions have the potential to revolutionize the... |
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FE analysis of CLT panel subjected to torsion and verified by DIC
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s115... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2013 Václav Sebera, Lech Muszyński, Jan Tippner, Melanie Noyel, Thomas Pisaneschi, Benjamin Sundberg The goal of this study was to analyze behavior of the cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel subjected to torsion and develop an efficient procedure for quick verification of numerical model of CLT that subsequently may be used for virtual prototyping of non-standard CLT products. Study used both experiments based on optical measurement using digital image correlation (DIC) and numerical modeling by means of finite element method (FEM). A physical torsion test of the CLT panel was first analyzed in ... |
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