Tall Timber Buildings: What’s Next in Fire Safety
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10694-015... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2015
David Barber
The demand is not only due to the availability of new innovative materials like cross-laminated timber (CLT), but predominantly based upon the need for green and sustainable architecture, driven by building owners, managers and designers who see timber as a positive solution given the sustainable credentials it offers. The lack of familiarity with the material, limited project examples and the small number of skilled and experienced engineers within the construction industry has resulted in call...

In plane Shear Strength of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT): Test Configuration, Quantification and influencing Parameters
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/In-plane-She... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2013
Reinhard Brandner, Thomas Bogensperger, Gerhard Schickhofer
...

Light Steel-Timber Frame with Composite and Plaster Bracing Panels
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283708879... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Conference Paper] 2015
Roberto Scotta, Davide Trutalli, Laura Fiorin, Luca Pozza, Luca Marchi, Lorenzo de Stefani
The proposed light-frame structure comprises steel columns for vertical loads and an innovative bracing system to efficiently resist seismic actions. This seismic force resisting system consists of a light timber frame braced with an Oriented Strand Board (OSB) sheet and an external technoprene plaster-infilled slab. Steel brackets are used as foundation and floor connections. Experimental cyclic-loading tests were conduced to study the seismic response of two shear-wall specimens. A numerical m...

Taller Wood Buildings | Think Wood Project Gallery
https://www.thinkwood.com/project-height/taller-wo... [Markets] [Web Page] 2019
Think Wood
Database of tall wood buildings...

Verification of CLT-plates under loads in plane
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265653209... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2010
Thomas Bogensperger, Thomas Moosbrugger, Gregor Silly
Cross laminated Timber (CLT) – sometimes also denoted as X-lam – can be used as a plate element for loads in and/or out of plane. Wall-elements primarily carry loads in plane. These loads develop two internal normal forces and one shear force in the CLT-element. Especially shear strength and shear stiffness of CLT-elements should be treated in this paper. Shear stresses and shear stiffness are analysed on basis of a representative volume element (RVE) of a CLT-element. This RVE can be simplified...

Fire Safety Challenges of Tall Wood Buildings. Phase 2: Task 1 - Literature Review
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308417172... [Fire Performance] [Report] 2016
Daniel Brandon, Birgit Östman
Recent architectural trends include the design and construction of increasingly tall buildings with structural components comprised of engineered wood referred to by names including; cross laminated timber (CLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), or glued laminated timber (Glulam). These buildings are cited for their advantages in sustainability resulting from the use of wood as a renewable construction material. http://www.nfpa.org/news-and-research/fire-statistics-and-reports/research-reports/bui...

Learning from Europe and Canada's timber industry - Archpaper.com
https://archpaper.com/2018/01/united-states-timber... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2018
Antonio Pacheco
If the steady stream of newly announced mass wood projects is any indication, mass timber building technologies are poised to take the American construction and design industries by storm over the next few years. As products like cross-laminated timber (CLT), nail-laminated timber (NLT), glue-laminated timber (glulam), and dowel-laminated timber (DLT) begin to make their way into widespread use, designers, engineers, and builders alike are searching for the best—and sometimes, most extreme—appli...

Lumber Grades | Think Wood
https://www.thinkwood.com/products-and-systems/lig... [Markets] [Web Page] 2019
Think Wood
Understanding lumber grades will help ensure you meet design expectations. Structural framing products are graded for their strength and other physical properties, as opposed to appearance products, which are graded for their aesthetic properties. Below are resources for species-specific appearance and structural lumber grades....

How To Do Thirty-Four Shake Table Tests In One Summer
http://nheri.ucsd.edu/workshops/pdf/2017/3rdannual... [Seismic Performance] [Presentation] 2017
Shiling Pei
Story of NHERI TallWood Project 2017 Summer Testing...

Effects of combinations of lamina grade and thickness, and span-to-depth ratios on bending properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Sung-Jun Pang, Gi Young Jeong
The aim of this study was to investigate effects of wood species, thickness and lamina combinations, and span-to-depth ratio ( on bending strength and stiffness of cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor element. CLTs with three different thickness (90 mm, 120 mm, and 150 mm) were manufactured using two species, larch and pine. was 12:1 for shear specimens and 24:1 for bending specimens. Four-point bending test was carried out in accordance with prEN 16351. The higher density species (larch) CLT sho...

Development of a ready-to-assemble tornado shelter from cross-laminated timber (CLT): impact and wind pressure testing
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr2... [Other] [Report] 2019
Robert H. Falk, James J. Bridwell, Tom Williamson, Todd Black
The development and use of tornado shelters have helped reduce loss of human life associated with extreme weather events. Currently, the majority of shelters are built from either steel or concrete. The development of the cross-laminated timber (CLT) industry in the United States has provided an ideal wood product to resist the debris impact and high wind forces associated with tornados. This report overviews the design and development of a residential tornado shelter constructed from CLT. This ...

Development of a ready-to-assemble tornado shelter from cross-laminated timber (CLT): impact and wind pressure testing
https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/58089... [Other] [Report] 2019
Robert H. Falk, James J. Bridwell, Tom Williamson, Todd Black
The development and use of tornado shelters have helped reduce loss of human life associated with extreme weather events. Currently, the majority of shelters are built from either steel or concrete. The development of the cross-laminated timber (CLT) industry in the United States has provided an ideal wood product to resist the debris impact and high wind forces associated with tornados. This report overviews the design and development of a residential tornado shelter constructed from CLT. This ...

Vibrations of Cross-Laminated Timber Floors
https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_cla... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Ljiljana Kozarić, Martina Vojnić Purčar, Smilja Živković
This paper investigates the vibrations caused by human action of five-layer cross-laminated timber panels with a height of 14 cm. Analysis is made of three floor panels of identical height, but with different combinations of thicknesses of the laminas in cross-layers, varying their spans. The longitudinal layers of the panels have better physical and mechanical characteristics than transverse layers. The relevant criteria to be observed in floor construction at the designing stage are specified ...

As mass timbers popularity grows, the concrete industry goes on the offensive
https://archpaper.com/2018/05/concrete-industry-gr... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2018
Audrey Wachs
Is wood dangerous? It’s one of the oldest, most sustainable building materials (if harvested correctly) and recent advances in cross-laminated timber (CLT) have made it possible to build taller, multifamily timber buildings, but local building codes are just beginning to catch up. Sure, any Girl Scout knows that you can’t start a fire without it, but it’s generally considered kosher: CLT boosters say that if contractors know how to work with the material, timber is just as safe as steel....

Seismic behavior of cross-laminated timber structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274959664... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2011
Marjan Popovski, Erol Karacabeyli
European experience shows that besides single family housing, Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) can be competitive in mid-rise and high-rise buildings. Although this system has not been used to the same extent so far in North America, it can be viable wood structural solution for the shift towards sustainable densification of urban and suburban centres. FPInnovations has undertaken a multidisciplinary project on determining the structural properties of a typical CLT construction, including quantifyin...

Experimental Seismic Behavior of a Full-Scale Four-Story Soft-Story Wood-Frame Building with Retrofits. II: Shake Table Test Results
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269402281... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2014
John W. van de Lindt, Pouria Bahmani, Gary Mochizuki, Steven E. Pryor, Mikhail Gershfeld, Jingjing Tian, Michael D. Symans, Douglas R. Rammer
Soft-story wood-frame buildings have been recognized as a disaster preparedness problem for decades. The majority of these buildings were constructed from the 1920s to the 1960s and are prone to collapse during moderate to large earthquakes due to a characteristic deficiency in strength and stiffness in their first story. In order to propose and validate retrofit methods for these at-risk buildings, a full-scale four-story soft-story wood-frame building was constructed, retrofitted, and subjecte...

Local energy company building efficient headquarters with low carbon footprint
https://www.dailyprogress.com/business/local-energ... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2019
Erin Edgerton
When your company creates clean energy generation facilities across the country, your new company headquarters building better follow in the same footsteps. Charlottesville-based Apex Clean Energy, which has helped to develop solar and wind energy farms in Oklahoma, Texas, Illinois and Michigan, is doing just that. The firm is partnering with Riverbend Development, Hourigan Development and architectural firm William McDonough + Partners to build a new 187,000-square-foot, eight-story headquarter...

Portlands timber Framework high-rise now has a building permit - Archpaper.com
https://archpaper.com/2017/06/framework-portland-t... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2017
Ariel Rosenstock
The first cross-laminated timber high-rise in the U.S. now has a building permit While Framework is not the first tall wood building in the U.S.—it is now the tallest permitted mass timber building in the U.S. today. ...

A Monte Carlo-Based Probabilistic Barrier Failure Model for Arbitrary Fire Environment
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs1... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Xiao Li, Xia Zhang, George Hadjisophocleous
Failure of building assemblies is a combined results of both heat attack and the mechanical response of the assembly components. The latter could change the integrity of a fire barrier and the pattern of heat transfer. The prediction of failure becomes more complicated when it comes to non-standard fires where real-world experiments are limited. 2-D or 3-D numerical models may provide useful results but their sophistication of use still drives the needs for simple models that offer quick results...

Work Begins on Virginia’s Tallest Timber Building
https://www.cpexecutive.com/post/work-begins-on-vi... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2019
Gail Kalinoski
Apex Clean Energy, a developer and operator of wind energy and solar power facilities across North America, will be the anchor tenant of a new eight-story office building in downtown Charlottesville, Va. The property will feature sustainable features including a mass timber structure and integrated renewable energy. When it is completed in mid-2021, it will be Virginia’s tallest timber building. ...