Seismic reliability evaluation of steel-timber hybrid shear wall systems
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321474253... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Zheng Li, Minjuan He, Frank Lam, Ruirui Zhou, Minghao Li
This paper presents seismic performance and reliability evaluation on steel-timber hybrid shear wall systems composed of steel moment resisting frames and infill light frame wood shear walls. Based on experimental observations, damage assessment was conducted to determine the appropriate damage-related performance objectives for the hybrid shear wall systems. Incremental time-history dynamic analyses were conducted to establish a database of seismic responses for the hybrid systems with various ...

Seismic analysis of multi-storey timber buildings braced with a CLT core and perimeter shear-walls
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10518... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Andrea Polastri, Matteo Izzi, Luca Pozza, Cristiano Cristiano Loss, Ian Smith
The seismic behaviour of multi-storey heavy-frame timber building superstructures braced by Cross-Laminated-Timber (CLT) shear-walls is investigated based on numerical linear dynamic simulations. All systems analysed have the same rectangular plan footprint dimensions, type of framework and shear-walls arrangement at each storey. For structural efficiency, the layout of lateral load-resisting systems combines a central building core with partial length perimeter shear-walls. What differs between...

Analytical study on seismic force modification factors for cross-laminated timber buildings
https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjce-... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2013
Shiling Pei, Marjan Popovski, John W. van de Lindt
With two producers in operation and over 20 buildings already constructed or in planning process, use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) is gaining popularity in Canada. Since CLT as a structural system is currently not included in the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC), one of the most important issues are the values for the force modification factors for seismic design of CLT structures when NBCC equivalent static force procedure is used. In this study, a test-calibrated numerical model for ...

Connections for steel–timber hybrid prefabricated buildings. Part II: Innovative modular structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286928540... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2016
Cristiano Loss, Maurizio Piazza, Ricardo Zandonini
This study presents the results of laboratory push-down tests conducted on one pure steel and four steel-timber composite (STC) cruciform sub assemblies to ...

Determination of the moisture change behavior of cross-laminated timber using an optical flow based computer vision technique
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17480... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2019
Markus Hofinger, Thomas Pock, Thomas Moosbrugger
Although cross-laminated timber (CLT) offers greatly improved directional stability against moisture changes compared to lumber, some layup dependent directional differences still remain. Furthermore, even under a purely homogeneous distributed moisture change strong deformations appear along the boundaries, which show a decrease of swelling/shrinkage towards the inside of CLT panels. Metrological determination of this behavior is still a challenging task and involves long-lasting moisture conte...

Structural Design Process for Estimating Cross-Laminated Timber Use Factors for Building
https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2019
J. Daniel Dolan, Alex Wilson, Kristin Brandt, Donald A. Bender, Michael P. Wolcott
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) construction has received significant attention for potential North American markets; however, few claims have been substantiated with structural design details that assess the amount of CLT to be used in various classifications of buildings. This article presents a design process used for the development of archetype buildings to estimate the potential CLT demand. Three types of structural systems were identified: platform construction, rocking walls with a separate...

Wood makes the grade for high-rise construction | Think Wood
https://www.thinkwood.com/news/wood-makes-grade-hi... [Markets] [Report] 2018
Think Wood
Recently the top-ranked architecture and engineering firm in the U.S., Chicago-based Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) and researchers from Oregon State University (OSU), launched a research project investigating the performance characteristics of a hybrid wood and concrete structural floor system that may offer owners, developers, architects and builders with a traditional flat plate construction alternative....

Cyclic behavior of typical screwed connections for cross-laminated (CLT) structures
https://rd.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs001... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2015
Igor Gavric, Massimo Fragiacomo, Ario Ceccotti
This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental programme on typical cross-laminated timber (CLT) screwed connections conducted at CNR-IVALSA research institute. In-plane monotonic and cyclic shear and withdrawal tests were performed on screwed wall-to-wall, floor-to-floor and wall-to-floor CLT connections. Mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility ratio and impairment of strength were evaluated. The experimental results showed good performance...

Potential of cross-laminated timber for independent shear wall systems
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Eero Tuhkanen, Lauri Rauk
This paper addresses problems related to calculation of the horizontal stiffness of modular multi-story timber frame buildings. The use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) as an independent shear wall system is introduced as a possible solution, meaning that no vertical load is applied to the structure. Its main advantage is to simplify the design process through separation of the vertical and horizontal load, and direct transmission of horizontal loads to the foundations. Two types of shear walls a...

Full-Scale Shake Table Testing of Cross-Laminated Timber Rocking Shear Walls with Replaceable Components
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Hans-Erik Blomgren, Shiling Pei, Zhibin Jin; Josh Powers, James D. Dolan, John W. van de Lindt, Andre R. Barbosa, D. Huang
To investigate and validate the seismic performance of a new cross-laminated timber rocking shear wall lateral system, a series of shake table tests were conducted on a full-scale, two-story, mass timber building at the NHERI@UCSD outdoor shake table facility. The prototype wall system was designed to remain damage-free during frequent service level earthquakes and repairable after larger events [design basis earthquakes (DBEs) and maximum considered earthquakes (MCEs)] while utilizing replaceab...

Cross-laminated timber maker Katerra moving offices to Wonder Building
http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2019/jul/27/cross... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2019
Nicholas Deshais
Katerra is moving its Spokane office to the Wonder Building on the north bank of the Spokane River downtown, according to city permit data....

Strength and fracture analysis of shear mode III in cross laminated timber
https://portal.research.lu.se/portal/files/6632216... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2019
Henrik Danielsson, Erik Serrano, Per-Johan Gustafsson
...

Modelling principles of glued-in rods in cross laminated timber
https://portal.research.lu.se/portal/files/6632252... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2019
Boris Azinović, Henrik Danielsson, Erik Serrano, Miha Kramar
An experimental study of glued-in rods in cross laminated timber (CLT) was recently presented by some of the authors [1]. As a continuation, the experimental results are used for calibrating numerical models to study the effect of different parameters on the global load-bearing capacity and stiffness of glued-in rods in CLT. The numerical simulations are based on 3D finite element (FE) analysis using a cohesive zone modelling approach for the bond-lines between the timber laminations and the bon...

In-plane Shear Modulus of Cross-laminated Timber By Diagonal Compression Test
https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/in-pla... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Berg, S., Turesson, J., Ekevad, M., and Björnfot, A.
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an engineered wood material that is used in the construction industry, e.g., for floors, walls, and beams. In cases where CLT-elements are used as shear walls, the in-plane-stiffness is an important property. For non-edge glued CLT, in-plane shear stiffness is lower than for edge-glued CLT. To evaluate the non-edge glued CLT panel’s in-plane shear modulus, the diagonal compression test and finite element (FE) simulation was used. FE-models with both isotropic and ...

Cross laminated timber plates with a notch at the support
https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/66323144/Se... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Conference Paper] 2019
Erik Serrano
The work presents different fracture mechanics approaches to model the crack propagation in notched cross laminated timber (crosslam) plates. The background, see [1], relates to the question of the applicability to crosslam plates of the Eurocode 5 (EC5) design equations for notched members, [1]. This involves the so-called Gustafsson approach [3], one of few design formulae in EC5 with a theoretical basis in fracture mechanics. Figure 1 below defines the basic geometry for a notched member....

Rolling Shear Properties of some European Timber Species with Focus on Cross Laminated Timber (CLT): Test Configuration and Parameter Study
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283482021... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2015
Thomas Ehrhart, Reinhard Brandner, Gerhard Schickhofer, Andrea Frangi
...

Evaluation of North American Vibration Standards for Mass-Timber Floors
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F97... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2014
Joshua Schultz, Benton Johnson
Mass-timber is an emerging building technology created by using structural adhesives to laminate layers of dimensional lumber together to create large timber panels. These panels can be used as structural building elements in floors and walls. However, due to relatively large stiffness-to-mass ratios and low inherent damping, optimized timber floors can be vibration controlled even at spans of 3 m. There are several current North American vibration standards that can be applied to timber floors....

Ultra-Light and Prefabricated Composite Steel-Timber Floors. Numerical-experimental research on the bending behaviour
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283321466... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2015
Cristiano Loss, Maurizio Piazza, Riccardo Zandonini
The construction technologies which address the residential market are being constantly updated, not only for the arrival of new construction materials and products, but also in response to the novel housing needs. Particularly, the construction industry is pushing to the use of efficient structural systems in terms of energy and environmental sustainability, which allow the fast erection of new residential complexes in a short time. In this work, a new construction technology has been developed...

Modelling of fire performance of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328933777... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
Trong Tuan Tran, Mourad Khelifa, Ali Nadjai, Marc Oudjene, Yann Rogaume
...

Bending and compressive properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made from Canadian hemlock
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326531884... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
Authors Minjuan He, Xiaofeng Sun, Zheng Li
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an innovative engineering wood panel product made from gluing layers of solid-sawn lumber at perpendicular angles. Owing to the excellent structural rigidity in both orthogonal directions, CLT becomes a preferred construction material for shear walls, floor diaphragms, and roof assemblies. CLT is normally made of Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) lumber or Douglas fir-Larch lumber. Recently, attempts have been made to manufacture CLT with Canadian hemlock. This paper investig...