CLT Stands Up - A Look at Cross-laminated Timber Wall Design (DES442)
https://awc.org/pdf/education/des/AWC-DES442-CLTWa... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Presentation]
Lori Koch, Michelle Kam-Biron
Even before cross-laminated timber (CLT) was recognized in the 2015 IBC, there was growing interest to use it in the US by designers seeking a sustainable construction product, with a reduced on-site construction time, all while exploiting the natural beauty of wood to provide a pleasing environment to occupants. Not only does CLT meet all of these attributes, but it also provides excellent thermal separation and can be designed to provide up to two hours of fire resistance and even more when pr...

Experimental and Finite Element Analysis of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Panels
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309159725... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2015
Md Shahnewaz, Thomas Tannert, M. Shahria Alam, Marjan Popovski
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a relatively new product that is gaining popularity in residential and non-residential applications in the North American construction market. As an engineered wood product, CLT provides many benefits when compared to either light-fame wood construction or concrete and steel construction. An accurate quantification of in-plane stiffness of the CLT panels is required to design a CLT structure subjected to wind and earthquake loads. Nevertheless, till today, there a...

Investigating the behaviour of typical and designed wall-to-floor connections in light-frame wood stud wall structures subjected to blast loading
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303094886... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2016
Christian Viau, Ghasan Doudak
The performance of light-frame wood stud walls under simulated blast loading has so far been limited to investigating the behaviour of structural elements with idealized boundary conditions. The current study investigates, experimentally and analytically, whether walls with prescriptive connection detailing for low and high seismic and wind regions are capable of resisting blast loadings such that the walls’ ultimate capacity can be reached. The study also investigates the behaviour of different...

Modeling techniques for post-tensioned cross-laminated timber rocking walls
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Alex W. Wilson, Christopher J. Motter, Adam R. Phillips, J. Daniel Dolan
Cyclic response of CLT rocking walls may be captured by the shell and spring models. Uplift, localized stresses, and toe crushing may be assessed with the shell model. The shell and spring model may be applied over a range of system parameters....

Hysteretic Response of Metal Connections on Hybrid Cross-Laminated Timber Panels
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2019
Vahid Mahdavifar, Andre R. Barbosa, Arijit Sinha, Lech Muszynski, Rakesh Gupta, Steven E. Pryor
The development of cross-laminated timber (CLT) has created new opportunities for the use of lumber from low-grade and low-density species in structural applications. In order to ensure the structural viability of CLT panels with such material, hybrid layups have been proposed, in which the low-grade and low-density lumber was placed in core layers, while high-grade (#2 or better) and high-density lumber was used in the face layers. One major criterion in the evaluation of hybrid CLT for structu...

Compressive Strength Properties Perpendicular to the Grain of Larch Cross-laminated Timber
https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019
Yo-Jin Song, Soon-Il Hong
As timber tends to be weak against the load perpendicular to grains, it can be important to study the consequences of applying loads perpendicular to larch cross-laminated timber (CLT) composed of multiple larch laminae. Compression tests were conducted perpendicular to the in-plane and out-of-plane grains of Japanese larch CLT. Out-of-plane average compressive strength, average yield strength, and average compressive stiffness perpendicular to the grain of the larch CLT were 11.94 N/mm2, 7.30 N...

Simplified Mechanistic Model for Seismic Response Prediction of Coupled Cross-Laminated Timber Rocking Walls
https://ascelibrary.org/doi/full/10.1061/%28ASCE%2... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Z. Jin; S. Pei, H. Blomgren, J. Powers
A simplified mechanistic model is developed in this study to predict the lateral load resistance of coupled rocking walls made from cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels as an alternative to finite-element modeling. The model is derived in an incremental format in order to capture the nonlinear behavior of the rocking wall, including crushing of the corners and inelastic response of interpanel connectors. The backbone curve and limit states generated using the proposed model are verified through a...

Ballistic performance of Cross-laminated Timber (CLT)
https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0734743... [Other] [Journal Article] 2019
K.Sanborn, T.R. Gentry, Z. Koch, A. Valkenburg, C. Conley, L.K. Stewart
Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) is a relatively new building material that has gained recent attention in the United States construction industry. CLT is a prefabricated, engineered wood product, composed of three or more plies of lumber with alternating ply directions. CLT is relatively strong and stiff, with the potential to meet the requirements for structures that are subjected to a variety of loading conditions. While CLT’s response to static, dynamic (i.e., seismic), and fire loads has been c...

Low cycle ductile performance of screws used in timber structures
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333186407... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2019
Matteo Izzi, Andrea Polastri
Self-tapping screws are largely used in both lightweight and massive timber constructions, being able to carry out simultaneously axial (withdrawal) and lateral (shear) loads. In Europe, the requirements of such fasteners are described in EN 14592; however, the standard used until today addresses only their applications under monotonic conditions and it lacks of prescriptions when the screws are used to withstand cyclic loads. Recently, the standard has undergone a significant revision and some ...

Challenges and Opportunities for Fire Safety in Tall Timber Construction
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270875729... [Fire Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Angus Law, Alastair Bartlett, Rory Hadden, Neal Butterworth
...

Performance of a Woodframe Structure during Full-Scale Shake-Table Tests: Drift, Damage, and Effect of Partition Wall
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239388145... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2007
John W. van de Lindt, Hongyan Liu, Shiling Pei
The dynamic performance of a woodframe structure is examined through the qualitative correlation between the transient interstory drift and the observed damage following a series of full-scale shake-table tests. The structure was subjected to simulated Northridge earthquake ground motions scaled to seismic hazard levels of 50, 10, 2, and 1% exceedance in 50 years. Added mass was used in an effort to examine the qualitative correlation of the observed performance with the performance tabulated in...

Carbon footprint of pre-fabricated wood buildings
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320601003... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2017
Alejandro Padilla-Rivera, Pierre Balnchet
This study reports on a study examining the potential of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the building sector by substituting steel and concrete building structures with timber structures, as well as traditional construction for prefabricated methods. In 2010, the IPCC (Graham et al, 2014) reported that buildings accounted for 32% of total global energy use, 19% of total Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. With the adoption low energy buildings, renewable energies and the reduction of e...

Simulation of the Fire Resistance of Cross-laminated Timber (CLT)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325480653... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2018
Joachim Schmid, Michael Klippel, Alar Just, Andrea Frangi, Mattia Tiso
Cross-laminated timber, typical abbreviations CLT or XLAM, is currently one of the most innovative product in building with wood. This solid engineered timber product provides advantages compared to other solid timber slabs as the dimension stability, i.e. swelling and shrinkage, is controlled by the crosswise laminations. As for other components, the fire resistance has to be verified for this type of product. While fire testing is time consuming and costly, simulations provide flexibility to o...

New timber research finds exciting potential in steel and concrete composites
https://archpaper.com/2017/12/timber-construction-... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2017
Jonathan Hilburg
With mass timber projects on the rise around the United State, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) and Oregon State University (OSU) have partnered to produce two new reports on how timber buildings can overcome their technical limitations by integrating steel and concrete. The new composite systems being proposed would allow timber construction to rise higher than before, with longer floor spans....

Measurement of rolling shear modulus and strength of cross-laminated timber using bending and two-plate shear tests
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283596882... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2014
Q. Y. Zhou, M. Gong, Y. H. Chui, M. Mohammad
Rolling shear properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) are very low because of the configuration of the cross layer. In some applications, they are the key properties that govern the design and application of CLT. To explore an appropriate method for assessing the rolling shear properties of CLT, variable span bending tests and two-plate shear tests were conducted. Three types of down-scaled black spruce (Picea mariana) specimens, including wooden cross layer (WCL), steel-wood-steel (SWS), and...

Wood Solutions - NEWS
https://www.woodsolutions.com.au/sites/default/fil... [Markets] [Web Page] 2019
Wood Solutions
Welcome to our special edition of WoodSolutions news – covering the recently announced changes to the National Construction Code (NCC) – read what the changes mean, industry opinions and upcoming code change educational events - we hope you find it informative. If you have any comments or suggestions, we would love to hear from you....

Experimental Verification of Design Procedure for Elements from Cross-laminated Timber
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315370057... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article]
Karina Buka-Vaivade, Dmitrijs Serdjuks, Vadims Goremikins, Aivars Vilguts, Leonids Pakrastins
Cross-laminated timber is widely used for load-bearing walls and panels of multi-storey timber buildings as well as for decking structure of pedestrian and road bridges. Design procedure for elements from cross-laminated timber was considered and validated by the experiment and FEM. The design procedure is based on the transformed section method. Eight cross-laminated timber panels with span equal to 1.8 m were experimentally checked under the action of static load. The difference between the ex...

About Moisture and Wood - The Canadian Wood Council
http://cwc.ca/why-build-with-wood/strong/durabilit... [Moisture/Durability] [Web Page] 2019
Canadian Wood Council
The durability of wood is often a function of water, but that doesn’t mean wood can never get wet. Quite the contrary, wood and water usually live happily together. Wood is a hygroscopic material, which means it naturally takes on and gives off water to balance out with its surrounding environment. Wood can safely absorb large quantities of water before reaching moisture content levels that will be inviting for decay fungi....

Structural performance of large-scale dowelled CLT connections under monotonic and cyclic loading
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327537416... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2018
Lisa-Mareike Ottenhaus, Minghao Li, Tobias Smith
This paper presents an experimental study on 12 large-scale dowelled CLT connections under monotonic and cyclic loading. The connection design was inspired by hold-downs in tall CLT shear wall systems, however, the connections were loaded uniaxially to assess the accuracy of the strength prediction with Eurocode 5 and to evaluate the connection behavior in terms of strength, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, and overstrength based on the load–displacement relationship. Two different conn...

Axial – Shear interaction on CLT hold-down connections – Experimental investigation
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323696521... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2018
Luca Pozza, Barbara Ferracuti, Milena Massari, Marco Savoia
Nowadays, the design of CLT wall connections is based on the hypothesis that hold-down connections are subjected only to tension and angle-brackets only to shear. Nevertheless, experimental investigations on CLT walls under seismic action highlighted that hold-downs may be subjected also to significant lateral displacement, and then to a tension-shear coupled action. The aim of this work is to experimentally investigate the axial-shear interaction in typical hold-down connections. To this purpos...