Load-Duration Effects in Western Hemlock Lumber
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292375028... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 1982
Ricardo Foschi, J.David Barrett
Results from a duration of load experiment on western hemlock 2 multiplied by 6-inch lumber, visually graded No. 2 and better, are presented. Constant and ramp loadings are used and, to predict load duration behavior for other load histories, a damage accumulation model is developed and calibrated to the test results. The implications of the test and the damage model for the assessment of reliability of wood structures are discussed. The model's predictions are verified using additional test res...

KLH Structural pre analysis tables
https://www.klh.at/en/download/public/Kreuzlagenho... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Brochure/Product Sheet] 2019
KLH Massivholz GmbH
KLH® Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels are built up using layers of wood boards, with each successive layer arranged perpendicular to the adjacent ones. These layers are glued together with environmentally friendly PUR adhesive to form strong, solid wood panels which can be used for floor, roof, and wall construction. CLT, as a wood product, is naturally green and sustainable, and structures can often be built more quickly than structures using other materials....

Comparison of newly proposed test methods to evaluate the bonding quality of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels by means of experimental data and Finite Element (FE) analysis
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307863117... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2016
Michele Betti, Michele Brunetti, Marco Pio Lauriola, Michela Nocetti, Francesco Ravalli, Benedetto Pizzo
The effectiveness of new shear test methods for evaluating the face-bonding quality of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels was examined by comparing experimental data and numerical modelling. The common characteristic of the specimens was the loading with angle of 45° with respect to the wood grain, in order to avoid rolling shear during test. In addition, the sampling methodology along the panel was investigated, as well as the relation between shear and delamination tests, and the possibility ...

Brock Commons Tallwood House Construction Modelling
https://www.naturallywood.com/sites/default/files/... [Tall Buildings] [Report] 2017
Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability
The University of British Columbia is at the forefront of the contemporary movement to revitalize mass timber construction and demonstrate potential applications for engineered wood products. The innovative wood buildings erected to date on the Vancouver campus have been primarily institutional and operational, such as the Forest Sciences Centre, Campus Energy Centre, and Wesbrook Community Centre. The newest building, and the first residential one, to be added to the portfolio is the University...

Case Study: An 18-storey tall mass timber hybrid student residence at the University of British Columbia
http://www.forum-holzbau.com/pdf/37_IHF_2016_Fast.... [Tall Buildings] [Conference Paper] 2016
Paul Fast
Brock Commons is an 18-storey mass timber hybrid student residence currently under construction at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. When completed in the summer of 2017, it will be the tallest mass timber hybrid building in the world, reaching 53m (Fig. 1). Fast + Epp structural engineers have been working in conjunction with Acton Ostry Architects and Hermann Kaufmann Architekten. The total project cost inclusive of fees, permits etc. is $51.5M. Brock Commons is comprise...

Tectonic Strategies for Using Fast-Growing, Low-Grade Softwoods for Engineered Wood Products
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/f9/ABS384_Fle... [Raw Materials] [Conference Paper] 2014
Patrick Fleming, Michael Ramage
The proposed paper presents two alternative strategies for using fast-growing, low-grade softwood for modern engineered wood products. A chemical based strategy is explored first with the testing of polymer-impregnated small clear wood samples. A second mechanical based strategy based on the tectonics of stress-laminated bridge decks is examined in further detail with 1:10 scaled structural models, followed later on by full-scale testing. The relative benefits and disadvantages of each strategy ...

CLT’s Acceptance May Increase After University Of Arkansas’ Project
http://www.southernloggintimesmagazine.com/clts-ac... [Markets] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2018
Web Editor
The University of Arkansas at Fayetteville is building a 27,000-square-foot storage unit for its library and it will be the first facility in Arkansas to be built with cross-laminated timber panels (CLT). CLT will also be the main component of the university’s 200,000-square-foot Stadium Drive Residence Halls on which construction began last fall....

Numerical Seismic Performance of an Innovative CFS Mid-Rise Building Designed using DDD
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270904565... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2014
Thang N. Dao, John W. van de Lindt
Light-gauge cold-formed steel (CFS) is being used more and more as an economical and high performing construction material. In this paper, a numerical study of the seismic performance of an innovative light-gauge cold-formed steel midrise building designed using direct displacement design (DDD) is presented. This new system, termed a uniform truss construction system (UTCS), includes floor trusses, open panels, v-braced panels, columns, and connections between components. A series of reversed-cy...

The TRE3 research project: a hybrid timber-frame wall system for emergency housing facilities
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327019260... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Conference Paper] 2018
Matteo Izzi, Ester Sinito, Daniele Casagrande, Andrea Polastri, Gaia Pasetto, Albino Angeli, Flavio Nebiolo, Gabriele Pasetti Monizza, Roberto Crocetti
The TRE3 research project focuses on the development of a new and innovative timber frame wall modulus for emergency housing facilities. The wall modulus, in this paper referred to as Hybrid Timber Frame (HTF) wall system, is an evolution of the traditional Light-Frame Timber (LFT) structural systems and combines the advantages and some peculiar aspects of lightweight structures to the potentialities of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) panels. This hybrid approach makes the HTF structural system sui...

Life cycle analysis of cross laminated timber in buildings: a review
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330620007... [Environmental Performance] [Conference Paper] 2019
Xavier Cadorel, Robert H Crawford
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased for the last three consecutive years in Australia, and this directly threatens our ability to meet our 2030 GHG emission reduction target under the Paris Agreement. Despite progress in reducing building-related GHG emissions, little focus has been placed on the indirect GHG emissions associated with building material manufacture, and construction. Cross laminated timber (CLT) is an alternative construction material that has been subject to numerous c...

Ongoing Field Evaluation of Douglas-fir Cross Laminated Timber in A Ground Proximity Protected Test in Mississippi
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2018/fpl_201... [Moisture/Durability] [Report] 2018
Mark E Mankowski, 1Thomas G Shelton, 1Grant Kirker, 1Jeffrey J Morrell,
Current design standards incorporate the use of preservative treated and naturally durable wood where conditions are suitable for deterioration, but treatment options for mass timber products, particularly, cross laminated timber (CLT) remain to be addressed. Termiticide treatment is a necessity for CLT structures, especially in southeastern climates. Wood species currently used to fabricate CLT are non-durable, and current design standards do not properly address incorporation of preservative t...

On Estimating the Seismic Displacement Capacity of Timber Portal-Frames
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263064095... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2013
Cristiano Loss, Daniele Zonta, Maurizio Piazza
An analytical model is proposed to estimate the seismic displacement capacity, at serviceability and ultimate limit states, of timber portal frame structures with dowelled joints. The predictions from the simplified formula are compared with the results of numerical analyses carried out on a sample of representative cases. These cases result from a simulated design procedure, consistent with Eurocode 8, and are generated via Monte Carlo sampling, with varying sizes, materials and load conditions...

Experimental tests on a Hybrid Timber-Frame wall system
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320057434... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2017
Matteo Izzi, Daniele Casagrande, Ester Sinito, Gaia Pasetto, Andrea Polastri
This paper presents an innovative lateral load-resisting wall system, which is an evolution of the light-timber frame (LTF) shear walls currently available on the market. In comparison to traditional LTF walls, the novelty aspect is the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) beams and studs instead of solid timber elements. Thanks to this 'hybrid' approach, this new system combines some peculiar aspects of LTF structures (such as the limited weight and the high dissipative behaviour) with the poten...

Dynamic properties of cross-laminated timber and timber truss building systems
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Ida Edskär, Helena Lidelöw
Incorrect prediction of dynamic behaviour of tall buildings can lead to discomfort for humans. It is therefore important to understand the dynamic characteristics such as natural frequency, mode shape, damping and the influence they have on acceleration levels. The aim of this study is to compare two timber building types, cross laminated panels and post-and-beam with stabilising diagonals, through a parameter study applying modal analysis. Empirical formulae for predicting the natural frequency...

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Produced in Western Washington: The Role of Logistics and Wood Species Mix
https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i5p12... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Cindy X. Chen, Francesca Pierobon, Indroneil Ganguly
he use of cross-laminated timber (CLT), as an environmentally sustainable building material, has generated significant interest among the wood products industry, architects and policy makers in Washington State. However, the environmental impacts of CLT panels can vary significantly depending on material logistics and wood species mix. This study developed a regionally specific cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of CLT produced in western Washington. Specifically, this study focused on transpo...

CLT Plates under Concentrated Loading - Experimental Identification of Crack Modes and Corresponding Failure Mechanisms
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279848081... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2013
Georg Hochreiner, Josef Füssl, Josef Eberhardsteiner, Simon Aicher
Since wood products for structural elements, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), have gained importance in the building sector, the need for appropriate and reliable design codes has become essential. For this reason, this work focuses on global failure mechanisms and the corresponding evolution of different crack modes in CLT plates, depending on geometric and/or material related influence quantities. Therefore, plate-bending experiments on 3-and 5-layered CLT-plates were carried out. In addi...

Innovative Connections for Timber Panel Buildings
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272202626... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2013
Massimo Latour, Gianvittorio Rizzano
Cross-laminated timber panel buildings are gaining a growing interest of the scientific community due to significant technical advantages, such as the material sustainability, the high fire resistance and quickness of erection. Nevertheless, it is well known that timber panels themselves are not able to dissipate a significant amount of energy during an earthquake. In fact, in this system the seismic design is carried out in order to dissipate the energy by means of inelasticity of connections. ...

Thermal bridging analysis of connections in cross-laminated timber buildings based on ISO 10211
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2019
Seong Jin Chang, Seunghwan Wi, Sumin Kim
Cross-laminated timber (CLT), developed in Europe for the utilization of low-grade wood, is an engineered wood product (EWP) with high carbon storage and low carbon emissions. CLT wooden houses have advantages such as reduction of greenhouse gases, shortening of construction period through precast and modular construction, improved of insulation performance and airtight performance, the realization of the high-rise wooden house. In this study, ply-laminate cross-laminated timber (ply-lam CLT) wa...

The fire performance of Cross Laminated Timber beams
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Ruxandra Dârmon, Octavian Lalu
The use of timber as a structural material in multi-storey buildings is often limited due to its combustible nature. The fire performance of the wooden members can be determined through the standard fire tests or, more often, using the calculation procedures recommended by the design codes. The fire resistance of a timber beam can be calculated based on the residual section without taking into account the charred area and the zero strength layer. However, the zero strength layer (d0) it is assum...

Insights into the Global Cross-Laminated Timber Industry
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321849166... [Markets] [Journal Article] 2017
Lech Muszynski, Eric Hansen, Shanuka Fernando, Gabriel Schwarzmann, Jasmin Rainer
Cross laminated timber (CLT) has, in recent years, grown from an invention to a much celebrated product and building technology revolutionizing the use of massive timber in construction. The CLT industry is concentrated in Alpine Europe, where the technology was originally developed and where most CLT is still produced. Despite great interest, the rate of adoption of CLT technology in the US is slow, reflecting uncertainty with regard to whether the European models can be successfully transplant...