In-Plane Stiffness of Hybrid Steel-Cross-Laminated Timber Floor Diaphragms
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326109502... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2018
Cristiano Loss, Stefano Rossi, Thomas Tannert
The use of hybrid structural systems formed by combining wood with other materials provides engineers with a wide range of solutions to satisfy code requirements for mid- and possibly high-rise buildings. Hybrid wood-based systems include a wide range of construction methods and different levels of integration of materials and components. The research discussed in this paper presents an innovative hybrid timber-steel solution for floor diaphragms developed by joining cross-laminated timber panel...

Seismic performance of connections in heavy timber construction
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237188731... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2011
Marjan Popovski, Helmut G.L Prion, Erol Karacabeyli
Results from monotonic and quasi-static cyclic tests on connections used in heavy timber construction are presented for two types of fasteners: steel bolts and glulam rivets. Bolted connections with three different diameter bolts, arranged in several configurations, as well as two different configurations of glulam rivet connections were tested. All configurations included a main glulam member and two steel side plates. For bolted connections, the seismic behaviour was found to be primarily depe...

Simplified Direct Displacement Design of Six-Story Woodframe Building and PreTest Seismic Performance Assessment
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245305795... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2010
Weichiang Pang, David V. Rosowsky, Shiling Pei, John W. van de Lindt
This paper presents a simplified direct displacement design (DDD) procedure which was used to design the shear walls for a six-story woodframe structure. The building was tested in the final phase of a Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) project. Specifically, NEESWood Capstone Building was designed to meet four performance expectations: damage limitation, life safety, far-field collapse prevention (CP), and near-fault CP. The performance expectations are defined in terms of com...

Properties, Testing and Design of Cross Laminated Timber
https://www.cost.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Pro... [General Information] [Report] 2018
Reinhard Brandner, Roberto Tomasi, Thomas Moosbrugger, Erik Serrano, Philipp Dietsch
Cross laminated timber (CLT), as structural, plate-like timber product, was developed in Central Europe about 30 years ago. Meanwhile, it gained global recognition due to its high resistance and stiffness in- and out-of-plane and its versatile applicability. It provoked some revolution in the international building sector as it allows rather easily to substitute mineral-based building products, like concrete and brick, in for example family and multi-storey residential, office and school buildin...

Cross laminated timber acoustic performance research
https://www.fwpa.com.au/images/VoluntaryMatchingPr... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Report] 2018
Andrew Dunn
It is exciting times for tall wooden buildings in today’s cities. City population growth, space availability and infrastructure pressures are contributing to the need for innovative building solutions. An aspect of this direction that takes advantage of timber’s dexterity as a building material and environmental credentials is the development of a new generation of super strong engineered timber products. Besides its popular appeal, and lightness making it suitable for construction in densely bu...

Damage Modeling and Damage Limit State Criterion for Wood-Frame Buildings Subjected to Seismic Loads
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273370197... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2011
Hao Liang, Yi-Kwei Wen, Greg C. Foliente
Current research trends in residential construction focus on the development of performance-based design methodologies for wood structures. As one key prerequisite to the implementation of such design concept, the performance objectives and their corresponding limit state criteria must be properly defined first. So far, the displacement-based limit state criterion, such as the one proposed in ASCE 41, is the only type of standard available for wood structures. In this paper, damage index-based l...

The Strength of CLT
https://www.thinkwood.com/products-and-systems/mas... [Markets] [Web Page] 2019

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a wood panel system that is gaining in popularity in the U.S. after being widely adopted in Europe. CLT is the basis of the tall wood movement, as the material’s high strength, dimensional stability and rigidity allow it to be used in mid- and high-rise construction....

Supporting Tall Mass Timber Buildings in the IBC | Think Wood
https://www.thinkwood.com/news/supporting-tall-mas... [Standards/Building code] [Report] 2018
Think Wood
Given the advancements in building science and technology, the International Code Council (ICC)—the organization that develops the International Building Code (IBC) used by virtually all jurisdictions in the United States—is set to consider changes to the IBC this fall....

Nonlinear Layered Modelling Approach for Cross Laminated Timber Panels Subjected to Out-Of-Plane Loading
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308891932... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Vahid Mahdavifar, Andre R. Barbosa, Arijit Sinha
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a structural system for both modular housing and tall timber building construction that has been used in Europe and Oceania, and now emerges into the United States market. In floor slab applications, the out-of-plane loading typically controls the performance of the panels. The shear analogy is the most common used approach for modelling CLT panels under out-of-plane loading. However, due to limitations that exist in the shear analogy, this approach cannot be used...

Identification of moisture-induced stresses in cross-laminated wood panels from beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226138026... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2012
Thomas Gereke, Thomas Schnider, Andreas Hurst, Peter Niemz
The crosswise bonding of the layers in laminated solid wood panels results in internal stresses when the humidity varies. The layers hinder one another as a result of the anisotropy of wood. The purpose of this study was to determine the internal stress state in free and constrained swelling. The expansion properties in the three panel directions were measured. Furthermore, the swelling of samples was constrained while the resulting forces were recorded. Hygroscopic warping experiments were carr...

Elevating Timber to New Heights
https://www.pdx.edu/floorplans/profile/elevating-t... [Case Study/Projects] [Web Page] 2019
2019
Buildings, and many of the methods of their construction, are the single greatest collective source of CO2 emissions in the US. The steel and concrete we use to make the mixed-use, high-density buildings we see all around us account for about eight percent of annual anthropogenic global greenhouse gas emissions and are the first and second largest sources of industrial carbon emissions in the country....

Performance of cross laminated timber made of oil palm trunk waste for building construction: a pilot study
https://rd.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs001... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019
Suthon Srivaro, Nirundorn Matan, Frank Lam
In this study, the feasibility of using oil palm trunk wastes for producing cross laminated timber (CLT) for building construction was evaluated. The small size three-layer CLT panels were manufactured using melamine urea formaldehyde adhesive as bonding between the lumber layers. Effects of oil palm wood density and the controlled strain levels of the panel during pressing on the properties of the obtained CLT panels were investigated. Panel thickness (Pt), density (ρ), water absorption (WA), t...

Stiffness of dowel-type timber connections under pre-yield oscillating loads
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260395316... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2014
Thomas Reynolds, Richard Harris, Wen-Shao Chang
The dynamic behaviour of timber structures in service is becoming a more important consideration in design as modern engineered wood products allow longer spans and taller timber buildings, which can be sensitive to dynamic loading such as that from wind or footfall. Connections in timber structures have a pronounced effect on their structural behaviour. In dowel-type connections, the fasteners bend under load and embed into the surrounding timber and, since embedment is a nonlinear process, the...

McDonald’s Global Flagship in Chicago | Think Wood
https://www.thinkwood.com/our-projects/mcdonalds-g... [Case Study/Projects] [Report] 2019
Think Wood
or its latest Chicago-based flagship restaurant, the three-quarters-of-a-century old fast-food chain is shaking off its once plastic-clad bright colored interiors for an exposed wood and timber design, along with more sustainable, naturally hued materials....

2011 UMass Wood Structures Symposium | September 8-9, 2011 — University of Massa
http://www.woodstructuressymposium.com... [Markets] [Web Page] 2011
University of Massachusetts
Join us this September for the 2011 Symposium on Wood Engineering, Architecture and Construction at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst....

Tall Wood Building Demonstration Project Reaches New Heights in Canada - The Can
http://cwc.ca/tall-wood-building-demonstration-pro... [Tall Buildings] [Web Page] 2019
Canadian Wood Council
Three years after launching a request for an Expression of Interest, through funding received from Natural Resources Canada, for Canadian design teams willing to undertake an innovative approach to designing and building high-rise wood demonstration projects, the Canadian Wood Council (CWC) was proudly in attendance at the ‘topping out’ celebration of the University of British Columbia’s Brock Commons Phase 1 tall wood student residence...

Behavior of cross-laminated timber diaphragm connections with self-tapping screws
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325259370... [Connectors] [Journal Article] 2018
Kyle Sullivan, Thomas H. Miller, Rakesh Gupta
Monotonic and cyclic tests were carried out to determine strength and stiffness characteristics of 2.44 m (8 ft) long shear connections with 8 mm and 10 mm diameter self-tapping screws. The goal of this research is to compare test values of cross-laminated timber (CLT) diaphragm connections in seismic force-resisting systems to the design values calculated from formulas in the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (USA) and the Eurocode. Understanding and quantifying the behavior o...

Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of the Temperature Distribution Within Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Exposed to Fire
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275500118... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2010
Massimo Fragiacomo, Agnese Menis, Peter J. Moss, Andrew H. Buchanan, Isaia Clemente
The fire resistance evaluation of a timber member is an important and complex problem of structural design. In order to solve this problem, it is crucial to have reliable information on the temperature distribution within a timber cross-section exposed to fire, and to develop a numerical model for the prediction of such a quantity. The paper reports the experimental-numerical comparisons in terms of temperature distribution within a timber member made from radiata pine LVL (laminated veneer lumb...

Effect of end support restraints on vibration performance of cross laminated timber floors: An analytical approach
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2019
Sigong Zhang, Jianhui Zhou, Jan Niederwestberg, Ying HeiChui
As an emerging building solution, cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors have been increasingly used in mass timber construction. The current vibration design of CLT floors is conservative due to the assumption of simple support conditions in the floor-to-wall connections. It is noted that end restraint occurs as a result of clamping action at the ends, arising from the gravity load applied by the structure above the floor and by the mechanical fasteners. Several attempts have been made to investig...

Mechanical and physical properties of Cross-Laminated Timber made from Acacia mangium wood as function of adhesive types
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s10086-0... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019
Norwahyuni Mohd Yusof, Paridah Md Tahir, Seng Hua Lee, Mohammad Asim Khan, Redzuan Mohammad Sufan James
In this study, three-layered Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) manufactured from Acacia mangium wood panels were developed by using two different types of adhesives, namely, phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) and one-component polyurethane (PUR). The aim of this work is to investigate and compare the physical and mechanical properties of CLT manufactured using PRF and PUR adhesives. Water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and delamination of both types of samples were investigated as their ...