Tall timber buildings: Applications of solid timber construction in multistory buildings
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298139641... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2011
Matthew Wells
By far the “shortest” building submitted for the 2010 CTBUH Awards was the Stadthaus in London (see Figure 1). Standing nine floors and 29 meters (95 feet) tall, the multifamily building is indeed not very tall when regarded by height, but it does stand out as one of the tallest timber framed buildings in the world. Uniquely, not only the load-bearing walls and floor slabs are constructed out of timber, but also the stair and lift cores, making typical cross-bracing elements redundant....

Fort Mac Takes Flight - Canadian Architect
https://www.canadianarchitect.com/features/fort-ma... [Case Study/Projects] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2015
Elsa Lam
The Fort McMurray airport is a rare jewel in the region: an assertion that industrial buildings don’t have to be ugly; that even tough guys appreciate nice places; that sophistication can coexist with robustness....

Measuring-up in timber: a critical perspective on mid- and high-rise timber building design
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S135913... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2014
Patrick Fleming, Simon Smith and Michael Ramage
Architects, engineers and researchers alike often cite practical reasons for building with wood. Since the development of curved glulam beams and columns over a century ago, the widespread use of massive structural timber elements has allowed architects and engineers to design and build in wood with unprecedented speed and scale. Moreover, rising concerns of climate change and the carbon-dioxide emissions associated with construction encourage the use of wood as a viable alternative to steel and...

Adaptive Timber Towers. An Evolutionary Prototype for the 21st Century Skyscraper
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F97... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2019
Alessandro Buffi, Gian Maria Angelini
The biological metaphor introduced by computational design, as well as the increasing theoretical framework of parametric architecture, opens new perspectives for both wood and skyscraper design. At the intersection of architecture, biology, and computer science, avant-garde designers are reshaping the historical relationship between nature and architecture fostering a natural approach to design which results in: structural lightness, rational use of energy and elegance. Wood seems to be a perfe...

Measuring-up in timber: a critical perspective on mid- and high-rise timber building design
https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambri... [Tall Buildings] [Journal Article] 2014
Patrick Fleming, Simon Smith, Michael Ramage
Architects, engineers and researchers alike often cite practical reasons for building with wood. Since the development of curved glulam beams and columns over a century ago, the widespread use of massive structural timber elements has allowed architects and engineers to design and build in wood with unprecedented speed and scale. Moreover, rising concerns of climate change and the carbon-dioxide emissions associated with construction encourage the use of wood as a viable alternative to steel and...

Seismic Response of Mid-Rise Light Wood Frame Buildings with Portal Frames
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258227388... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2013
Zhiyong Chen, Ying Chui, Chun Ni, Jian Xu
The seismic response of mid-rise light wood frame buildings incorporating portal frames and shear walls were investigated via numerical simulation. Since portal frame and shear wall exhibit different ductility characteristics, of specific interest in this paper is the seismic force modification factor for the combined building system. An approach to estimate the ductility-related force modification factor, Rd, for the hybrid light wood frame building containing two types of lateral load resistin...

Flexural performance of cross-laminated timber constructed from fibre-managed plantation eucalyptus
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2019
Halimeh Pangh, Hamid Zarea Hosseinabadi, Nathan Kotlarewski, Payam Moradpour, Michael Lee, Gregory Nolan
This study was performed to evaluate the flexural performance of three-ply cross-laminated timber (CLT) floor panels made of unthinned and unpruned plantation Eucalyptus. The impact of the stress-grade of the timber boards on the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the panels was determined. The results indicated that the actual MOE of the timber boards from both species could not be appropriately estimated by visual stress-grading. The results revealed that the average M...

Experimental investigation of cross-laminated timber panels with realistic boundary conditions subjected to simulated blast loads
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Other] [Journal Article] 2019
Dominic Côté, Ghasan Doudak
Recent research efforts have established key dynamic characteristics of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels and developed parameters that are suitable for analysis and design. Despite such effort, no information is available on the critical role connections play in the behaviour of CLT when subjected to blast loads. The current study investigates a total of thirteen full-scale CLT wall panels with varying connection detailing by simulating the blast loading through a shock tube apparatus. The st...

Experimental and numerical determination of the hygroscopic warping of cross-laminated solid wood panels
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.... [Moisture/Durability] [Journal Article] 2009
Gereke, Thomas; Gustafsson, Per J.; Persson, Kent; Niemz, Peter
...

Wind-induced vibrations of a multi-storey residential building in cross-laminated timber in the serviceability limit state A case study at Södra Älvstranden, Göteborg
http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fullte... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2012
Matilda Kryh, Mia Nilsson
The municipality of Gothenburg is working towards connecting the city centre with the riverfront, creating new residential, office and recreational environments along the quay. Along with new development at the south side of the river an organization has formed in order to promote sustainable development and construction with environmentally friendly building materials. Multi-storey building construction in timber is becoming more common and many new composite materials are competing on the mark...

UBC Brock Commons alternative structural design with mass-timber cores
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325951361... [Tall Buildings] [Conference Paper] 2018
Thomas Connolly, Cristiano Loss, Asif Iqbal, Thomas Tannert
The UBC Brock Commons in Vancouver, with its 18 stories and 53 meters height from the ground, was the tallest wood-based hybrid building in the world at the time of completion in 2016. The building has 17 stories of mass-timber superstructure resting on a concrete podium with two concrete cores that act as seismic and wind lateral force-resisting systems. Construction of the mass-timber superstructure took only ten weeks whereas the concrete cores were built in fourteen weeks. There could have b...

Lifting equipment for CLT-elements Handling of horizontal and vertical elements in massive timber
http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fullte... [Other] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2014
Jonas Van Riemsdijk
The use of massive timber in modern buildings is relatively new. Because of this, there is currently few developed systems for handling building elements in this material. This was the main reason why Martinsons Byggsystem AB wanted help to develop a standardized system for lifting and handling of their elements in so called CLT, which is a type of cross-laminated glulam. The work began with a study of current standards and requirements to gain knowledge about what applies to lifting and handlin...

Shear Performance of PUR Adhesive in Cross Laminating of Red Pine
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264107408... [Bonding/Adhesives] [Journal Article] 2013
Hyung-Kun Kim, Jung Kwon Oh, Gi Young Jeong, Hwanmyeong Yeo, Jun Jae Lee
Cross laminated timber (CLT) has been an rising issue as a promising building material replacing steel-concrete in mid story rise construction. But, there was no specific standard for CLT because it had been developed in industrial section. Recently, new draft for requirements of CLT was proposed by EN which suggested to evaluate the performance of adhesive in CLT by the same method as glulam. But, it has been reported that shear performance of cross laminated timber is governed by rolling shear...

Influence of orientation and number of layers on the elastic response and failure modes on CLT floors: modeling and parameter studies
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300000733... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2016
Lorenzo Franzoni, Arthur Lebée, Florent Lyon, Gilles Forêt
In the present paper, the bending behavior of Cross Laminated Timber panels is investigated by means of the linear elastic exact solution from Pagano (1970, 1969). The resulting stresses are the input for a wood failure criterion, which can point out the first-crack load and the respective dominant failure mode. Heterogeneous layers are modeled as equivalent and homogeneous layers. This simplified and deterministic modeling gives results in good agreement with a reference experimental test. A co...

Effect of increased charring on the narrow side of rectangular timber cross-sections exposed to fire on three or four sides
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264612231... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2011
Andrea Frangi, Jürgen König
Owing to the influence of two-dimensional heat transfer, fire tests and heat transfer calculations show that charring on the narrow side of rectangular timber cross-sections may be considerably greater than charring on the wide side. For timber members unprotected throughout the time of fire exposure as well as members initially protected from fire exposure, it is shown by calculation, that the relationship between charring on the narrow side and time is nonlinear. In order to take into account ...

Validity of bending tests on strip-shaped specimens to derive bending strength and stiffness properties of cross-laminated solid timber (X-lam)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278672505... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2010
René Steiger, Arne Gülzow
The application of cross-laminated solid timber (CLT, X-lam) used as load-bearing plates requires information on the product’s strength properties; the design, however, is often governed by serviceability criteria. Hence, predicting the respective behaviour of such panels requires accurate information about their bending and shear strength as well as their elastic properties. Bending strength and stiffness of CLT have to be assessed following the procedures in EN 789. The latter requires 4-point...

Cross-Laminated Timber Structural Floor and Roof Design - STRUCTURE magazine
https://www.structuremag.org/?p=10054... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Magazine/Newspaper Article] 2016
Scott Breneman
Increased availability of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in North America, combined with successful use in projects worldwide, has generated interest in its properties and performance within the U.S. design community. With the inclusion of CLT in the 2015 International Building Code (IBC) and 2015 National Design Specification® (NDS®) for Wood Construction, curiosity is evolving, with some developers, architects and structural engineers using CLT in projects. One application under frequent conside...

Design of solid wood panels with cross layers
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36450449_... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2004
Hans Joachim Blass, Peter Fellmoser
The objective of this paper is to present a method for the design of solid wood panels with cross layers. The stress distribution in and the deformation behaviour of solid wood panels were analysed using the composite theory. The shear influence in solid wood panels was determined using the shear analogy method. A strength class system is proposed for the design of solid wood panels with cross layers depending on the type of stress and the panel build-up....

Overview of a Project to Quantify Seismic Performance Factors for Cross Laminated Timber Structures in the United States
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281729651... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2014
M. Omar Amini, John van de Lindt, Shiling Pei, Douglas Rammer, Philip Line, Marjan Popovski
Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) has been extensively used in Europe and is now gaining momentum in North America; both Canada and more recently the U.S. Construction projects have shown that CLT can effectively be used as an alternative construction material in mid-rise structures and has significant potential in commercial and industrial buildings. In the United States, the CLT system is not currently recognized in seismic design codes and therefore a seismic design can only be performed through a...

Design of solid wood panels with cross layers
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0ac3/1e3f0a892366... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2004
Univ null, 1Ing Hans, 1Joachim Blass, 1Dipl.-Ing Peter Fellmoser, 1Baukonstruktionen null,
The objective of this paper is to present a method for the design of solid wood panels with cross layers. The stress distribution in and the deformation behaviour of solid wood panels were analysed using the composite theory. The shear influence in solid wood panels was determined using the shear analogy method. A strength class system is proposed for the design of solid wood panels with cross layers depending on the type of stress and the panel build-up....