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The Ephemerality of Building: A Case Study of Material Life and Reuse
https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2023/328... [Case Study/Projects] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2023
Jack Loud
This project explores the ephemerality of buildings rather than continuing to reinforce the narrative that assumes buildings last forever. This assumption leads these materials to be left decaying without maintenance until they are uninhabitable, from which they are destroyed, and their materials are usually sent to a landfill. ...
Vibration-Based Monitoring of a 5-Story Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) Building Prototype
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Book/Book Section] 2023
Alexander Opazo-Vega, Franco Benedetti, Alan Jara-Cisterna
The construction of buildings with cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels has grown steadily in recent years, mainly because of the environmental advantages of wood over other building materials. However, there are still doubts about the dynamic behavior of CLT buildings in countries with high seismicity and how their dynamic properties vary with temperature and relative humidity changes. The present work shows the modal properties’ monitoring of a 5-story CLT building prototype. ...
Up on the roof: a review of design, construction, and technology trends in vertical extensions
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/000386... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023
Eunike Kristi Julistiono, Philip Oldfield, Luciano Cardellicchio
New spaces to accommodate growing urban populations should be created in a way that also reduces building lifecycle carbon emissions. In this context, the vertical extension (VE) has emerged as a novel building typology that can increase space in cities through the construction of additional floor area atop existing base buildings. This paper presents a review of 172 VE projects worldwide to provide an understanding of their design and construction trends, and to classify the technologies applie...
System Identification of a Six-Story Lightweight Timber Frame Building Using Ambient Vibration Measurements at Different Environmental Conditions
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2023
Carmen Amaddeo, Michael Dorn
Ambient vibrations of a six-story lightweight timber frame building were measured under different environmental conditions in order to obtain the modal parameters of the structure. Changes in temperature and relative humidity in timber can influence its response in terms of modal parameters. Namely, a moisture content change in the timber can affect stiffness, strength, and shape of the elements as well as the properties of the connections....
Determining the optimal partition system of a modular building from a circular economy perspective: A multicriteria decision-making process
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2023
Prince Antwi-Afari, S. Thomas Ng, Ji Chen
To evaluate the impact potentials of materials, products, or systems, the existing approach has been to assess their environmental, economic, or social implications to influence decision-making. This has led the construction industry to an eco-efficient range of doing more with less. The current approach, though efficient, is not effective in causing the construction industry to achieve sustainable development. To attain sustainable development, there is the need for intentional design and detai...
Suitability of Aspen (Populus tremula L.) for cross-laminated timber (CLT)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372009957... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2023
Sumanta Das, MIROSLAV GAŠPARÍK GAŠPARÍK, Anil Kumar Sethy, Peter Niemz
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) CLT is an excellent material for building and high load-bearing structural applications, but its fabrication and use are limited to softwood only. The suitability of aspen (Populus tremula L) wood for manufacturing CLT was assessed by using two adhesives, one-component polyurethane (1C-PUR) and melamine adhesive (ME). Physical properties like water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), delamination, and mechanical properties like bond shear strength, bending modu...
Setting baselines of the embodied, operational and whole life carbon emissions of the average Spanish residential building
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Environmental Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Borja Izaola, Ortzi Akizu-Gardoki, Xabat Oregi
The construction sector, responsible for 37 % of global greenhouse gas emissions and 36 % of global energy consumption, is transitioning towards a low-carbon and low-energy model. Measuring and optimising Operational Energy and related emissions in the use phase of buildings has entered both markets and regulations. However, the Embodied Energy within construction materials and respective maintenance and end-of-life processes is still in the research phase. Moreover, Global Warming Potential bas...
A Design-to-Fabrication Workflow for Free-Form Timber Structures Using Offcuts
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-03... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Conference Paper] 2023
Dominik Reisach, Stephan Schütz, Jan Willmann, Sven Schneider
Currently, the timber industry in the European Union incinerates up to 80% of its waste wood, releasing its embodied CO2 into the atmosphere while producing energy. This practice also affects offcuts, a waste material from structural timber production, mostly because of aesthetic imperfections. However, there are potential architectural use cases for this material that extend its lifetime beyond downcycling. Therefore, we propose to employ these offcuts as load-bearing elements of free-form timb...
The Quality Assessment of Timber Structural Joints Using the Coaxial Correlation Method
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/8/1929... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Viktors Kurtenoks, Aleksis Kurajevs, Karina Buka-Vaivade, Dmitrijs Serdjuks, Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis, Viktors Mironovs, Andrejs Podkoritovs, Martins Vilnitis
With the growing popularity of timber structures, the requirement for reliable and non-destructive methods to assess the quality and condition of structural joints becomes increasingly essential. A novel coaxial correlations method is investigated to assess the degradation of panel-to-panel moment joints in timber structures. The method involves analysing the response data obtained from accelerometers placed on both sides of the joint and comparing the readings to evaluate the joint’s condition....
An urban ‘age of timber’? Tensions and contradictions in the low-carbon imaginary of the bioeconomic city
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/25148... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Journal Article] 2023
Bregje van Veelen, Sarah Knuth
What will the low-carbon cities of tomorrow be made from? We see an unexpected answer today in the return of ‘premodern’/‘preindustrial’ materials to central cities and skylines. Champions of new mass timber materials have driven a race on iconic ‘plyscrapers’ and, increasingly, novel systems of industrial prefabrication. Drawing on the notion of sociotechnical imaginaries, we explore how advocates attempt to ‘fix’ desirable future cities and urban bioeconomies through this biomaterial. In doing...
Seismic Performance and LCA Comparison between Concrete and Timber–Concrete Hybrid Buildings
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/7/1714... [Seismic Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Xiaoyue Zhang, Wanru Huang, Mehdi Khajehpour, Mehrdad Asgari, Thomas Tannert
The growing demand for energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable building materials has led to an increasing interest in hybrid timber-concrete construction. These structures combine the advantages of the two materials, potentially reducing the carbon footprint, shortening construction timelines, and improving seismic and building physics performance. Herein the structural and environmental performance of ten-story timber-concrete hybrid and a pure concrete building, designed for the Guiz...
Review of the Performance of CLT Wall-To-Floor Connections for a Multi-Storey Modular Building using Irish Timber
https://www.universityofgalway.ie/media/timberengi... [Connectors] [Conference Paper] 2023
Rimjhim Kashyap, Conan O’Ceallaigh, Patrick J. McGetrick, Annette M. Harte
In recent years, the focus has shifted toward more sustainable construction methods. Crosslaminated timber (CLT) has emerged as an excellent material in terms of structural properties and environmental impact. Across Europe, C24-grade timber is primarily used for the manufacture of CLT and hence most of the research data available is for CLT of this grade. However, Ireland has an increasing supply of C16-grade Sitka spruce timber and studies have shown that C16-grade Irish timber is suitable fo...
Evaluating the Shear Stiffness of Asymmetric Angle-Ply Layers in Diagonal Cross-laminated Timber
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3001955/... [Mechanical Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Shaghayegh kurzinski, Paul Crovella
The perpendicular orientation of the cross-layer (s) makes Cross-laminated Timber (CLT) susceptible to rolling shear failure and reduced stiffness in bending. Under out-of-plane bending, rolling shear failure occurs in the cross layers along the radial-tangential plane. This weakness in CLT panels could be improved by varying the grain orientation of the cross-layers away from perpendicular-to-grain (90°), and closer to parallel-to-grain (0°). This paper studies the shear stiffness of a pair of ...
Numerical analysis of buckling behaviour of timber-encased steel composite columns under axial compression
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2022
Feiyang Xu, Xinmiao Meng, Qibin Hu, Ying Gao
Timber (e.g. Douglas-fir, spruce-pine-fir)-encased steel composite (TESC) columns provide a feasible application for timber in large-scale and high-rise structures. However, the load-carrying mechanism and buckling behaviour of TESC columns have not been thoroughly studied. This paper investigates the axial load distribution and buckling behaviour of TESC columns with embedded H-section steel through finite element (FE) analysis. FE models were built and validated by the experimental results. A ...
The sawmill yield increase potential with manufacturing increased wane and random width boards for engineered wood products
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/174802... [Commercial/Company Information] [Journal Article] 2023
Bruno Monteiro Balboni, Sylvester T. Chatukuta, Barry Muller, C. Brand Wessels
The objective of this study was to assess the potential gains in log processing yield when integrating sawmill and engineered wood products manufacturing, a process which enables the use of random board widths and higher wane allowances than normal. The simulation was utilized and validated against real log sawing. The validation study showed that simulations consistently over-estimated the actual volume recovery by 2.1%. Simulation results showed that logs with smaller diameters returned higher...
Characteristics of Polyurethane Cross-Laminated Timber Made from a Combination of Pine and Coconut
https://sylvalestari.fp.unila.ac.id/index.php/JHT/... [Raw Materials] [Journal Article] 2023
Muhammad Iqbal Adi Baskara, Yusuf Sudo Hadi, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Muhammad Iqbal Maulana, Rita Kartika Sari, Fauzi Febrianto, Wahyu Hidayat
The objective of this study was to assess the properties of cross-laminated timber (CLT) fabricated from the combination of Sumatran pine (P) and coconut trunk (C) bonded with polyurethane adhesive. The basic properties of raw materials and adhesives were characterized. The CLT panels’ length, width, and thickness are 100 cm by 30 cm by 3.6 cm, respectively. Three-layer CLT was made with 4 combinations of face/core/back lamina, i.e., PPP, CCC, PCP, and CPC, which are arranged perpendicular to ea...
A Solution Method for Creating Laminated Wood Panels with Revalorized Wood Boards
https://matheo.uliege.be/handle/2268.2/16974... [Raw Materials] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2023
Tanguy Spécia
The increasing demand for natural resources and the environmental commitments towards sustainable practices have led to a surge of interest in finding efficient solutions for the two-dimensional problem of creating laminated wood panels with revalorized wood boards. To address this challenge, sustainable and circular solutions are imperative. This thesis presents an exact solution to the problem, establishing its NP-hardness and justifying the need for an approximation method. This final solutio...
Fire spread in a large compartment with exposed cross-laminated timber and open ventilation conditions: #FRIC-01 – Exposed ceiling
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... [Fire Performance] [Journal Article] 2023
Andreas Sæter Bøe, Kathinka Leikanger Friquin, Daniel Brandon, Anne Steen-Hansen, Ivar S. Ertesvåg
Exposing cross-laminated timber (CLT) structures in buildings is increasingly popular in modern buildings. However, large timber surfaces, window facades, and different geometries can change the fire dynamics in a compartment. The effect of those parameters, therefore, needs to be studied. Two large-scale CLT compartment fire experiments (95 m2) have consequently been performed. The experiments were designed to represent a modern office building with an open-plan space and large window openings....
Cross-Laminated Timber-Concrete Composite Floor Systems for Tall Building Design
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduat... [Connectors] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2022
I. Morrell
With growing interest in mass timber, especially mass timber panels (MTP), there has been a need to better understand their structural properties. One of the most versatile uses for MTP are as floor systems. Under new code provisions, these floors can be utilized in new and taller building types, but will require a noncombustible topping, generally concrete.The first portion involved characterizing the withdrawal response of different Self-Tapping Screws (STS) at varying angles to grain in MTPs ...
Engineered Wood Products for Construction
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/80719... [Commercial/Company Information] [Book/Book Section] 2022
Hüseyin Emre Ilgın, Markku Karjalainen, Olli-Paavo Koponen, Anu Soikkeli
Construction work is very resource-intensive, and construction projects contain many parameters, in which the choice of building material is one of the critical decisions with numerous criteria, e.g., cost, durability, and environmental impact. Moreover, this complex process includes different parties such as contractors, architects, engineers, where contractors are the most influential decision-makers in material selection. Increasing the use of renewable materials such as wood, which is a tech...
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