Myers Memorial United Methodist Church Bell Tower
http://www.woodworks.org/wp-content/uploads/CS-Mye... [Case Study/Projects] [Report] 2012
WoodWorks
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Endless Stair
https://www.americanhardwood.org/es/latest/blog/de... [Raw Materials] [Report] 2013
Ruth Slavid
Architectural imagination, engineering expertise, and a shared love for the curiosity about timber were the vital ingredients in the success of Endless Stair. Alex de Rijke of de Rijke Marsh Morgan has long been a fan of using timber in architecture, pioneering, for example, the use of cross-laminated timber in schools construction at Kingsdale School in London. In a piece entitled ‘Timber is the new concrete’, he predicted that timber will be the dominant construction material of the 21st Cent...

The hygrothermal inertia of massive timber constructions
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:11208/F... [Moisture/Durability] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2006
S. Hameury
The work presented in this Doctoral dissertation concerns the ability of heavy timber structures to passively reduce the fluctuations of the indoor temperature and of the indoor relative humidity, through the dynamic process of heat and moisture storage in wood. We make the hypothesis that the potential offered by the hygrothermal inertia of heavy timber structures is significant, and that it could provide a passive way of regulating the indoor climate. This ultimately could results in a decreas...

Fire Resistance of Partially Protected Cross-Laminated Timber Rooms
https://curve.carleton.ca/system/files/etd/2aa8ad6... [Fire Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2014
Alejandro R. Medina Hevia
This thesis studies the fire behaviour of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels in partially protected rooms. A one-dimensional heat transfer model was developed to determine the fire resistance of CLT floor and wall panels. During this study, three room fire tests were conducted at Carleton University Fire Research Laboratory to determine the maximum percentage of unprotected CLT surface area that will yield similar results to that of a fully protected room. The rooms had a single opening and wer...

The fire performance of engineered timber products and systems
https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/handle/213... [Fire Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2011
Danny J. Hopkin
Timber is an inherently sustainable material which is important for future construction in the UK. In recent years many developments have been made in relation to timber technology and construction products. As the industry continues to look to construct more efficient, cost effective and sustainable buildings a number of new engineered timber products have emerged which are principally manufactured off-site. In terms of light timber frame, products such as structural insulated panels (SIPs) and...

The fire performance of engineered timber products and systems
https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/... [Fire Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2011
Danny J. Hopkin
Timber is an inherently sustainable material which is important for future construction in the UK. In recent years many developments have been made in relation to timber technology and construction products. As the industry continues to look to construct more efficient, cost effective and sustainable buildings a number of new engineered timber products have emerged which are principally manufactured off-site. In terms of light timber frame, products such as structural insulated panels (SIPs) and...

Duration-of-load and size effects on the rolling shear strength of cross laminated timber
https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubc... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2015
Yuan Li
In the beginning of the twenty-first century, the largest mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak ever recorded struck western Canada. A huge volume of MPB-attacked lodgepole pine is expected to hit the BC forest industry in the next decade. Technologies to convert MPB-attacked lumber into engineering wood products are urgently required. Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a technology that can produce massive timber members as an engineered wood product for timber structures. In this study, the duratio...

Mechanical properties of laminated strand lumber and hybrid cross-laminated timber
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Alternative/Hybrid Configurations] [Journal Article] 2015
Zhiqiang Wang, Meng Gong, Ying-Hei Chui
Hybrid cross laminated timber (HCLT) was fabricated using lumber and/or laminated strand lumber (LSL), the mechanical performances of which were evaluated. To reach this goal, the mechanical properties of LSL and the bending properties of CLT and HCLT were measured in this study. The properties of LSL measured included the tension strength (only in the major direction), shear strength, shear modulus, and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR). The failure mode of each kind of s...

Performance of U/P finite elements subjected to nearly incompressible linear axisymmetric orthotropic conditions
https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/66826... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2011
R.D. Bateman
Finite element analysis is a vastly expanding field which provides engineers a viable instrumentation to model and measure idealized constitutive stress strain relationships for various complex physical bodies. In the field of Civil Engineering, this tool has proven very useful to analyze problems that do not have a direct closed solution guided by elementary structural mechanics. Within this field, there are many choices of finite elements, and should be chosen by the engineer to best suit the ...

Performance of U/P finite elements subjected to nearly incompressible linear axisymmetric orthotropic conditions
https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/668... [Mechanical Performance] [Thesis/Dissertation] 2011
R.D. Bateman
Finite element analysis is a vastly expanding field which provides engineers a viable instrumentation to model and measure idealized constitutive stress strain relationships for various complex physical bodies. In the field of Civil Engineering, this tool has proven very useful to analyze problems that do not have a direct closed solution guided by elementary structural mechanics. Within this field, there are many choices of finite elements, and should be chosen by the engineer to best suit the ...

Seismic behaviour of cross-laminated timber structures
http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2012
Marjan Popovski, Erol Karacabeyli
FPInnovations has undertaken a multi-disciplinary project on determining the structural properties of a typical CLT construction. One of the important parts of the project is quantifying the seismic resistance of structures with CLT panels. In this paper, results from a series of quasi-static monotonic and cyclic tests on CLT wall panels are presented and discussed. CLT wall panels with various configurations and connection details were tested. Wall configurations include single panels without o...

Predicting effects of design variables on modal responses of CLT floors
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S... [Vibration/Acoustic Performance] [Journal Article] 2017
Ebenezer Ussher, Kaveh Arjomandi, Jan Weckendorf, Ian Smith
New ultralight materials like cross-laminated-timber (CLT) enable attainment of longer floor spans than are possible with traditional shallow-profile timber construction. Their low modal mass to stiffness ratios make ensuring satisfactory dynamic responses under normal building occupancy conditions a primary design consideration. This paper presents numerical techniques for accurate prediction of modal frequencies, which are essential input to contemporary floor vibration serviceability design c...

Introduction to Cross Laminated Timber
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cc91/7a7043622cd9... [General Information] [Journal Article] 2012
M. Mohnammad, Sylvain Gagnon, Bradford K. Douglas, Lisa Podesto
Cross-laminated timber (CLT), a new generation of engineered wood product developed initially in Europe, has been gaining popularity in residential and non-residential applications in several countries. Numerous impressive lowand mid-rise buildings built around the world using CLT showcase the many advantages that this product can offer to the construction sector. This article provides basic information on the various attributes of CLT as a product and as structural system in general, and exampl...

Observed Performance of Soft-Story Woodframe Building Retrofitted with CLT Rocking Walls
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/56/ABS630_Iqb... [Case Study/Projects] [Conference Paper] 2014
John W. van de Lindt, Pouria Bahmani, Gary Mochizuki, Mikhail Gershfeld, Asif Iqbal
Many of the woodframe buildings in United States, particularly along the pacific coast, have more than one story with the first floor used either for parking or commercial space which require large openings and few partition walls at that level. This open space condition results in the earthquake resistance of the first story being significantly lower than the upper stories thus creating first stories that are both “weak” (low strength) and “soft” (low stiffness) in nature. This feature has the ...

Mechanical Behaviour of Dovetail Connections for Cross Laminated Timber Wall Elements
https://www.uibk.ac.at/holzbau/aktuelles/aktuelles... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Georg Stecher, Josef Kogl, Wilfried Beikircher
The goal of this study is to determine the shear and tension resistance capacity of a tenon connector made out of beech plywood for the connection of cross laminated timber wall elements. To determine the tensile and shear capacity of the connector according to EN 26 891 [1], tensile and shear tests were performed on cross laminated timber elements with thicknesses of 100 mm, 150mm and 180 mm which were connected with the pin connector. The sample set consisted of 36 test specimens of which were...

Lateral Behavior of Post-Tensioned Cross Laminated Timber Walls Using Finite Element Analysis
https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uui... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Zhouyan Xia, Jan Willem van de Kuilen
Cross laminated timber (CLT) has been rapidly developed and utilized for multi-rise constructions in recent years, even high-rise CLT buildings with 40 stories have been proposed and designed. A use of unbonded post-tensioning (PT) steel bars through over CLT walls of the high-rise CLT buildings to take up the tensile forces produced by wind load has been considered, following the regulations of unbonded post-tensioned (UPT) concrete walls. This paper introduces a finite element model to simulat...

Stub Girder Flooding System for Timber Construction
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/69/ABS655_Mas... [Design/Architectural aspects] [Conference Paper] 2014
Reza Masoudnia, Pierre Quenneville
This article presents the concept of the stub girder flooring system adapted to timber structures. The floor system consists of LVL beams covered by CLT floor panel separated by a series of short shear connection called stubs. The paper focusses on the analytical development to predict the optimized flooring system dimensions for future experimental tests. The proposed model contains structural parameters such as the main girder and secondary Gerber beam, the stubs and the CLT panel with various...

Non-Linear Modelling of the Three and Seven Storey X-Lam Buildings Tested Within the Sofie Project
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/e1/ABS076_Fra... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Giovanni Rinaldin, Guilaume Herve Pho’sie, Massimo Fragiacomo, Claudio Amadio, Francesco Pontarin
The seismic behaviour of the three- and seven-storey cross-laminated (Xlam) buildings tested on the shaking table within the SOFIE project is analysed in this paper using advanced FE simulations. Two numerical models are developed with a component approach where all the wooden parts are considered as elastic and the connectors are modelled with elasto-plastic springs with a predefined tri-linear hysteretic behaviour implemented as an external user subroutine in widespread software packages such ...

Time-Dependent Behaviour of CLT
http://schd.ws/hosted_files/wcte2014/a3/ABS486_Pir... [Mechanical Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Cirprian Pirvu, Erol Karacabeyli
Creep tests were carried out on nine cross-laminated timber (CLT) billets to assess time-dependent behaviour of CLT made with Canadian lumber. This paper describes the layup of the CLT billets, test methods (i.e. non-destructive and destructive) that were used to assess their behaviour when loaded in bending, and summarizes the results. The objective of the study is to develop technical information to support proposals for code implementation....

Progress on the Development of Seismic Resilient Tall CLT Buildings in the Pacific Northwest
https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2014/fpl_201... [Seismic Performance] [Conference Paper] 2014
Shiling Pei, Jeffery Berman, Daniel Dolan, John van De Lindt, James Ricles, Richard Sause, Hans-Erik Blomgren, Marjan Popovski, Douglas Rammer
As urban densification occurs in U.S. regions of high seismicity, there is a natural demand for seismically resilient tall buildings that are reliable, economically viable, and can be rapidly constructed. In urban regions on the west coast of the U.S., specifically the Pacific Northwest, there is significant interest in utilizing CLT in 8-20 story residential and commercial buildings due to its appeal as a potential locally sourced, sustainable and economically competitive building material. In ...